中间锦鸡儿fad2基因片段克隆、反义表达载体构建及遗传转化初步研究

以我国重要的生物能源灌木--中间锦鸡儿枝叶和种子为材料,根据GenBank中已经发表fad2基因的同源序列,利用PCR技术克隆得到基因片段.在GenBank中Blast(GenBank登录号AY957393)所得基因片段和同属豆科的Glycine max Gmfad2-2a同源性高达88%,位于fad2基因编码区中部.将所得片段经BamHI和SacI酶切后插入表达载体质粒pBI121,构建了反义表达载体pBI121fad2,并利用农杆菌介导法转入烟草叶片,获得了抗卡那霉素和氨苄青霉素的再生烟草植株.初步分析结果表明:与对照烟草相比,转基因烟草种子脂肪酸含量没有明显差异,而亚油酸则减少10.3%.     

反义PSY基因植物表达载体的构建及其对中国水仙的转化

实验从中国水仙花瓣中分离得到该基因的572bp的片段，将该片段反向连接到pCAMBIA1301双元载体质粒上，得到CaMV 35S组成型启动子的表达载体pCAM35S-PSY，用“冻融法”将pCAM35S-PSY质粒转入农杆菌LBA4404和EHA105两个菌株中。PCR扩增和酶切鉴定结果表明，所构建的反义表达载体pCAM35S-PSY是正确的并已经成功导入农杆菌中。随后，按照业已建立的遗传转化体系对中国水仙进行了遗传转化，得到了转基因抗性芽。     

国槐遗传转化体系的优化

采用根癌农杆菌介导的国槐叶盘转化法,在建立修饰的豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(sck)转化体系过程中,对影响农杆菌转化频率的各种因素进行研究.结果表明:国槐叶片需在黑暗条件下在MS培养基上预培养5天,农杆菌菌株选用GV3101,农杆菌共培养3天较合适;农杆菌菌液浓度OD600约为0.7,感染时间10 min;侵染前的菌液和共培养基中添加200/μmol·L-1乙酰丁香酮(AS)对国槐遗传转化有明显的促进作用;抑制农杆菌生长的抗生素浓度以头孢霉素(Cef)500mg·L-1最好.PCR和Southern blotting检测证实sck基因已整合到国槐基因组中.     

毛竹苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的克隆及组织特异性表达分析

苯丙烷类代谢途径是植物代谢中一条非常重要的途径,一切含苯丙烷骨架的物质都是由这一途径直接或间接生成.     

麻疯树pepc基因正义、反义植物表达载体构建与功能初步分析

根据麻疯树pepc基因和植物表达载体的酶切位点特征,分别将pepc基因全长序列3 000 bp正向插入pCAMBIA2300,构建了正义表达载体pCAMBIA-Jcpepc,基因片段597 bp反向插入pBI121构建了反义表达载体pBIJcpepc.通过农杆菌介导,采用叶盘法转化烟草,通过对转基因植株的PCR和PCR...     

Co-rrp基因小干扰RNA载体的构建及烟草中的遗传转化

为研究油茶种子成熟调控蛋白基因的功能,以pCAMBIA1304质粒为载体,根据油茶种子成熟调控蛋白基因的cDNA序列设计了小干扰RNA(Si RNA)序列,构建了油茶种子成熟调控蛋白基因小干扰RNA植物表达载体pCAMBIA1304-si RNA,并借助农杆菌介导叶盘法将pCAMBIA1304-si RNA转化到野生型烟草中,获得了稳定表达的转基因烟草苗。为下一步的油茶种子成熟调控蛋白基因的功能鉴定奠定了基础。     

香石竹ACC氧化酶重复基因植物表达载体的构建及转基因植株的获得

香石竹ACC氧化酶基因从核NDA中克隆之后,将其首先构建成正义及反义的单拷贝植物表达载体,在此基础上又同向插入一个ACO基因片段,从而获得ACO的正义重复基因和反义重复基因植物表达载体,所得载体已通过酶切分析和PCR鉴定。将该表达载体导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404菌株,并转化香石竹品种Master、爱卡迪幼叶,经PCR检测和Southem杂交鉴定,获得了8株转化植珠。     

毛白杨纤维素合酶基因(PtoCesA1)的克隆及其在烟草中的遗传转化

克隆毛白杨纤维素合酶基因(PtoCesA1),全长为3 215 bp,与欧洲颤杨的PtrCesA1基因的同源性为97%,具有开放的阅读框,编码区在52～2 988碱基之间,为2 937 bp.构建PtoCesA1基因的全长正义植物表达载体为pBIPA1,经酶切和PCR鉴定确认载体构建正确.通过农杆菌介导的方法将pBIPA1表达载体转入烟草中,转基因植株的纤维细胞壁厚度和木质部厚度都有不同程度的下降,形态表征为植株明显变矮,叶片变小.     

BtCry1Ac、BADH双价基因对烟草的遗传转化及表达检测

利用农杆菌介导法,将植物转化载体p209-BtCry1Ac-BADH转化烟草,获得了Kan筛选的完整再生植株。经PCR检测证明,4个株系中检测到BtCry1Ac和BADH基因。荧光定量PCR检测表明,检测到目的基因的株系中有3个株系的2个目的基因均在转录水平得到表达,且存在表达差异;有1个株系未检测到BADH基因的表达。ELISA毒蛋白检测表明,经荧光定量PCR筛选的3个株系均检测到毒蛋白的表达,含量最高为414.63ng/g。室内饲虫试验表明,3个转基因株系中只有2个株系对斜纹夜蛾幼虫表现出抗虫性,校正死亡率最高为38.2%,其余均未表现出明显抗虫性。选取2个株系进行组培苗耐盐试验,表明在不同NaCl浓度下,转基因株系与对照之间没有明显差异。研究中,有些系号经PCR检测说明BtCry1Ac和BADH基因已整合到植物基因组中,但荧光定量PCR和ELISA检测表明虽然基因整合到植物基因组中却未表达,有可能发生了基因沉默。     

磷脂酰肌醇合成酶PIS基因植物表达载体的构建

磷脂酰肌醇(PI)是真核细胞中主要的磷脂组分,磷脂酰肌醇合成酶(PIS)是磷脂酰肌醇合成途径中的关键酶,它的功能是催化myo-肌醇和CDP-DG反应产生磷脂酰肌醇。将玉米PIS基因与载体pCAMBIA2300-35s连接,得到植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-35s-PIS,该载体带有CaMV35s启动子、PIS基因、终止序列及一个CaMV35s启动子启动的NPTⅡ抗性筛选基因。将构建好的PIS植物表达载体转入农杆菌中,用于将来国槐等木本植物的转化。     

松材线虫Bxpel2基因的克隆及RNA干扰载体构建

[目的]为了构建松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)果胶酶Bxpel2基因干扰载体.[方法]通过Trizol 法提取松材线虫总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,设计带T₇启动子的果胶酶Bxpel2基因引物,以cDNA为模板扩增出果胶酶Bxpel2基因片段,连接到RNA干扰载体,再以干扰载体为模板,PCR扩增出目的片段后进行测序鉴定,合成果胶酶Bxpel2基因双链RNA(dsRNA),采用RT-PCR检测松材线虫Bxpel2基因干扰后的表达情况.[结果]表明:1)提取的松材线虫总RNA完整性好,无降解;2)成功克隆出松材线虫果胶酶Bxpel2基因片段(790 bp)并将其连接至pMD19-T载体;3)以RNA干扰载体为模板合成dsRNA,浓度分别为1.313 mg·mL^-1和1.152 mg·mL^-1;4)RT-PCR结果显示,松材线虫经过dsRNA干扰后,Bxpel2基因表达基本受到抑制.[结论]成功构建松材线虫果胶酶Bxpel2基因干扰载体,为进一步研究Bxpel2基因在松材线虫致病过程中的作用和功能奠定了良好的基础.     

根癌农杆菌介导的反义VeFAD2基因对少根根霉的遗传转化及其影响因子

Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens-mediated transformation (AtMT) method was used to study the genetic transformation in Rhizopus arrhizus of antisense expression vector pBI121-fad2 of VeFAD₂ gene. We studied the key factors influencing transformation, such as A.tumefaciens strains,bacterial cell volume initially used, co-cultivation time, effective period and concentration of AS. The results shows that the ideal A.tumefaciens strain is AGL-1, the optimum bacterial cell volume initially used is 50-100 μL and co-culture 24 hours will get the most transformants. At co-culture period, AS induction is indispensable. It is beneficial to improve transformation ratio by adding to 200 μmol·L^-1 AS at preincubate period and increasing AS concentration to 400-600 μmol·L^-1 at co-culture period. It determined that antisense VeFAD₂ gene has been integrated into the genome of R. arrhizus by PCR-Southern detection.     

红豆树优树子代遗传多样性及与生长相关性分析

[目的]研究红豆树优树自由授粉子代遗传多样性及其对生长的影响,比较天然居群子代和孤立木子代遗传多样性差异,揭示子代遗传多样性的变化规律及天然居群在子代遗传多样性维持中的作用,为红豆树遗传保育和优异种质挖掘提供科学依据。[方法]以来自浙、闽、赣、川等26个红豆树优树自由授粉家系为研究对象,利用11对SSR引物对765个子代群体进行遗传多样性评价,同时分析子代遗传多样性参数与种子、生长性状的相关性。[结果](1)红豆树优树子代群体具有较高的遗传多样性,有效等位基因数为7.766个,观测杂合度(H_O)和期望杂合度(H_E)分别为0.469和0.865。(2)除SSR8外,其余位点的观测杂合度均小于期望杂合度,表明子代群体绝大多数位点处于杂合子缺失状态。(3)红豆树不同家系的遗传多样性存在明显差异,12号家系的遗传多样性水平最高,8号家系则最低。(4)比较发现,天然居群子代的遗传多样性显著或极显著地高于孤立木子代。(5)F统计量和分子方差分析(AMOVA)均表明,红豆树优树子代群体的遗传变异主要存在于家系内,家系间的遗传分化相对较小。(6)相关性分析发现,子代遗传多样性参数与种子性状、子代年高生长量呈显著正相关(r=0.378~0.527)。[结论]较大的红豆树天然居群在维持其子代较高遗传多样性中发挥了重要作用,子代遗传多样性显著影响苗木生长,这为红豆树遗传保育和优良家系选择提供了理论依据。     

山地木麻黄种源在海南临高的遗传变异及选择

[目的]研究山地木麻黄种源间抗风性、生长及形质性状的遗传变异规律,为山地木麻黄的良种选育和种质资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]以27个山地木麻黄种源为试验材料,于造林后2、5、7 a时测定山地木麻黄种源的树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率等数量性状,并于造林后7 a时调查主干分叉习性(AP)、主干通直度(SFS)、侧枝密度(DPB)、侧枝直径(TPB)、绿色小枝长度(LDB)、侧枝分枝角(APB)、侧枝长度(LPB)等形质性状以及抗风性(RES),通过方差分析、相关性分析及遗传参数估算揭示其遗传变异规律。应用坐标综合评定法对山地木麻黄种源进行综合评定。[结果]表明:造林后2、5、7 a时,27个山地木麻黄种源间保存率和抗风性差异显著(P0.05);对造林后7 a时保存率较高的18个种源进一步分析显示,上述3个年份各种源间树高、胸径和单株材积等生长性状均存在极显著差异(P0.01);7 a时,TPB、APB、LDB、AP和SFS等形质性状在种源间亦存在显著或极显著差异;生长性状的种源遗传力明显高于形质性状,二者分别受中度或中度偏下和低度遗传控制;随着林龄的增长,树高的遗传变异系数变化不大,而胸径和单株材积的遗传变异系数呈先增加后降低的趋势,树高、胸径、单株材积的遗传变异系数分别为11.89%~12.30%、11.67%~13.67%、30.20%~38.11%;7 a时,形质性状的遗传变异系数为3.84×10~(-5)%~5.56%。性状间相关分析表明:树高作为山地木麻黄早期选择性状较适宜。[结论]依据坐标综合评定法,筛选出17877、19489和19490等3个优良种源,可在生产上大面积推广。     

Cloning and RNAi construction of a LEAFY homologous gene from Populus tomentosa and preliminary study in tobacco

PtLFY, a LEAFY (LFY) gene, was cloned from Populus tomentosa (LM50) by PCR. Sequencing analysis indicated that PtLFY was 2 629 bp long, composed of three exons and two introns and encoded 378 amino acids. The splice donor sites and the splice acceptor sites were in identical positions to the LFY and its homologues. The amino acid sequence inferred was 68%-99% homologous to those of LFY and its homologues by blast analysis in GenBank. The Southern blot analysis indicated that there was a single copy of the PtLFY gene in genomic DNA of male and female P. tomentosa (LM50 and 5082). The pBI121-Ptalfy (reverse)-intron-Ptlfy-GUS-nos was constructed using RNA interference (RNAi) technique and verified by PCR and digestion identification and transformed into tobacco. Some transgenic tobacco plants were obtained by PCR and PCR-Southern identification. The growth was generally repressed in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type ones and some phenotypic differences were observed. [Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30371175) and Postdoctoral Foundation of China (Grant No. 2002032041)]     

Stereochemistry and biosynthesis of (+)-lyoniresinol, a syringyl tetrahydronaphthalene lignan in Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica I: isolation and stereochemistry of syringyl lignans and predicted precursors to (+)-lyoniresinol from wood

Steps leading to the biosynthesis of syringyl lignans and tetrahydronaphthalene and naphthalene lignans, especially the formation of the C2–C7′ linkage, have not been elucidated. Lyoniresinol is a typical syringyl lignan, as well as a tetrahydronaphthalene lignan found in Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica. To demonstrate the biosynthetic pathway for (+)-lyoniresinol, three putative biosynthetic intermediates of lyoniresinol, syringaresinol, 5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol, and 5,5′-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol, were isolated from wood. The identity of the putative intermediates was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison of spectral and chromatographic data with those of authentic samples previously synthesized. The stereochemistry (enantiomeric composition and absolute configuration) of the isolated lignans were determined as (±)-syringaresinol, (8S,8′S)-(−)-5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol [46% enantiomeric excess (e.e.)], (8S,8′S)-(+)-5,5′-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol (91% e.e.), and (8R,8′R)-(+)-lyoniresinol (42% e.e.). The absolute configurations of (+)-and (-)-5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinols, and (+)-and (-)-5,5′-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinols were determined by their synthesis (catalytic reduction) from (8R,8′R)-(+)-and (8S,8′S)-(-)-syringaresinols and by subsequent chiral high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. This report was presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, March 2005