An Epidemiologic and Economic Study of Respiratory Diseases in Two Conventional Danish Swine Herds. II: Associations Between Lesions Present at Slaughter and Mean Daily Gains During Specific Intervals of the Growth Period

A total of 578 slaughter pigs from 2 Danish conventional farrow-to-finish operations (Herds a and B) were followed from an age of 14 days to slaughter. Pigs were weighed at 3 weeks intervals and at slaughter and extended post mortem examination of the plucks was done. Regression models with second and third order interaction terms demonstrated that Mycoplasma-like pneumonia, complicated pneumonia, anterio-ventral pleuritis, pericarditis, fissures and atrophic rhinitis, separately and through interactions with other lesions, significantly reduced mean daily gains during specific intervals of the growth period in 2 conventional swine herds. It is likely that the periods of reduced growth reflect the times when the diseases were in the acute and early recovery stages. Maximum estimated reductions in daily gains associated with the combined lesions were 82 grams and 283 grams during the interval 120-140 days in Herds A and B, respectively. Although dorso-caudal pleuritis and parietal pleuritis had minor negative effects during 2 intervals neither had a significant adverse effect on total growth rate in either herd (Paisley et al. 1993). R² values for the regression models were less than 0.27 showing that the lesions present at slaughter explained less than 27% of the variation in herd mean daily gains during any interval.     

Pathological Lesions in Swine at Slaughter: I. Baconers

An extended disease recording programme in pigs has been carried out by the meat inspection service at Sentralslakteriet, Forus, Stavanger. A data system including 57 disease codes has been applied. In the period 1975–1977 an average of 85,000 baconers were slaughtered yearly. About 39 % of these were given disease remarks; 42–47 % of the lesions were directly related to the parasites Sarcoptes scabiei (rind lesions) and Ascaris suum (white spots in the livers). The thoracic cavity was the most commonly affected part of the body with 30–35 % of all recorded lesions.Sixteen disease codes occurred at frequencies above 0.3 %, and they encompassed approx. 97 % of all recorded lesions. Scabies occurred at an average of 12 % of the fatteners. Parasitic hepatitis of severe and moderate degrees were seen in about 11 %, pleurisy in 7 %, pneumonia — severe and moderate — in 5.4 %, pericarditis in 4.3 %, pyaemia and abscess/-es in 2.5 %, tail lesions in 2.3 %, perihepatitis and other non-parasitic liver lesions in 2.2 %, polyarthritis and arthritis in 1.7 %, tuberculous lesions in the cervical lymph nodes in 0.9 %, peritonitis in 0.9 % and atrophic rhinitis — external lesions — in 0.8 % of the carcasses. The majority of the other 41 disease codes occurred at frequencies below 0.1 %.A seasonal variation was pronounced in scabies, numerous white spots in the liver, and tuberculous lesions in the cervical lymph nodes. It could be noted in pleurisy, pericarditis, perihepatitis and other non-parasitic liver lesions, arthritis and atrophic rhinitis, but not in pneumonias, moderate number of white spots in the liver, tail lesions, pyaemia, abscess/-es, peritonitis and polyarthritis.     

Pathological Lesions in Swine at Slaughter: V. Pathological Lesions in Relation to Some Environmental Factors in the Herds

The influence of environment on animal health was studied in 40 bacon herds. These herds delivered approx. 11,000 baconers annually to the slaughter-house. The data from the meat inspection was studied in connection with the environmental recordings, and the relationship between 18 lesions and 20 environmental factors were estimated by statistical methods. The data was collected in the period 1975–1977.The influence of environmental factors upon the prevalence of different lesions showed considerable variation. Ten environmental factors were significantly associated with pleurisy and tail lesions (cannibalism). On the other hand none of the environmental factors bore any significant relation to atrophic rhinitis, pericarditis, peritonitis, perihepatitis, polyarthritis, arthritis and claw lesions. Eight environmental factors influenced the proportion of healthy animals.The recorded environmental factors influenced the overall health situation to a varying degree. For example, design of pen walls, insulation of pen floors, occasional use of supplementary feed and free access to drinking water were related to 5–7 lesions, while the nature of the concentrate (meal/pellets) had no significant influence.The study indicated that many details in environment and management could be of importance to the health of bacon pigs. However, statistical analysis also showed that production systems had a considerably stronger influence upon the health situation than any of the “pure” environmental factors – even when these factors were added.     

An Investigation of Ovine Pneumonia in Four Herds from Central Norway: I. Prevalence of Pneumonia and Microbiological Findings

In a study of 4 sheep herds, 1 apparently healthy and 3 having respiratory problems, lesions typical of subacute or chronic pneumonia were found in 3–36 % of slaughtered lambs. Occurrence appeared to be related to certain environmental factors such as pasture, whereas moderate lungworm invasion was not found to contribute to subacute or chronic pneumonia. Relation between pneumonia and low carcass weight was established only in 1 herd.Lungs were subjected to microbiological examination. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was isolated from both normal and pneumonic lungs from all 4 herds. The prevalence was far higher in pneumonic (98 %) than in normal ones (28 %). Bacteria, mostly Pasteurella haemolytica, were also found in both pneumonic (49 %) and normal (18 %) lungs from all 4 herds. These results confirm the conclusions of a previous study that M. ovipneumoniae is of etiological significance in subacute or chronic pneumonia, whereas bacteria mainly occur as secondary invaders. M. ovipneumoniae appears, however, only to be a potential pathogen. Examinations for Mycoplasma arginini and virus were negative and these agents are considered to be of less significance in subacute or chronic pneumonia under Norwegian conditions.     

Pathological Lesions in Swine at Slaughter: IV. Pathological Lesions in Relation to Rearing System and Herd Size

Data from the meat inspection at a large regional abattoir in Norway was used to study the effect of different production systems and herd size on the occurrence of pathological lesions in pig carcasses. Three production systems were compared: combined production, production strictly in batches and continuous production. Only the former reared its own piglets. The data was collected in the period 1975–1977. The number of herds varied between 87 and 94, and between 26,000 and 30,000 bacon pigs were slaughtered each year. The herds were divided into three different size groups: ≤ 200, 201–400, and > 400 pigs slaughtered annually. Each year was considered separately.The study showed that the highest frequency of sound carcasses occurred in the combined production group. There was no significant difference between the two production groups rearing purchased piglets. Moreover, there was an inverse relationship between the frequency of sound carcasses and herd size, but the positive effect of the small herd was estimated to be less important than that of production system.The distribution of 16 different pathological lesions was also considered. Four lesions (pneumonia — moderate and severe —, pleurisy and scabies) were recorded at significantly different levels in the production systems all three years of recording.Analysis of the effect of herd size also showed that in the cases of moderate pneumonia and pleurisy, the small herds were at an advantage. The other lesions had a rather casual distribution among the groups.The statistical evaluation indicates however, that in cases of significant differences between the tested groups, only 20–40 % of the variation could be “explained” by our model comprizing production systems and herd size groups.     

日粮添加黑水虻虫粉对肉鸭生长性能、羽毛生长和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加黑水虻虫粉对肉鸭生长性能、羽毛生长和屠宰性能的影响.试验选取900只21日龄体重相近的公番鸭,分为3个组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只番鸭.对照组为基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加3％和5％黑水虻虫粉.结果显示:①日粮黑水虻虫粉对肉鸭各阶段体重、平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比无显著影响(P＞...     

银杏叶对绵羊生长、屠宰性能及营养物质利用率的影响

为研究银杏叶对绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质利用率及血清生化指标的影响,本研究选择体重35 kg左右的3~4月龄杜泊公羊21只,随机分为3组,每组7只羊,分别为对照组（饲喂无银杏叶的日粮）、低水平银杏叶组（L组,饲喂含7.5%银杏叶的日粮）、高水平银杏叶组（H组,饲喂含15%银杏叶的日粮）。定期称重测定动物生长性能;通过消化代谢试验测定饲料养分利用率;采集血液检测血液相关生化指标;试验结束后测定屠宰性能。结果表明：银杏叶对绵羊的平均日采食量（ADFI）、末重和平均日增重（ADG）无显著影响（P > 0.05）。消化代谢试验表明,低水平银杏叶组的能量消化率和沉积率较对照组显著降低（P < 0.05）;高水平银杏叶组氮沉积率高于其他两组,与低水平组差异显著（P < 0.05）;银杏叶对钙、磷的利用率没有显著影响（P > 0.05）。血液生化指标检测结果表明,低水平银杏叶组的谷草转氨酶活性显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）,高水平组与对照组差异不显著（P > 0.05）;低水平银杏叶组的总蛋白和球蛋白含量较高水平组显著提高（P < 0.05）,高剂量组较对照组差异不显著（P > 0.05）。银杏叶对胆固醇和甘油三酯虽有一定的降低作用,但差异不显著（P > 0.05）。屠宰试验结果表明,与对照组相比,低水平和高水平银杏叶组绵羊的胴体重和净肉重显著降低（P < 0.05）,屠宰率和净肉率在各组间差异不显著（P > 0.05）;银杏叶组的肾周脂肪重均显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）,低水平组和高水平组较对照组分别降低了31%和49%。综上,银杏叶对绵羊的消化代谢、饲料养分利用率和屠宰性能均有一定的影响,能显著降低肾周脂肪的含量,其效果与饲喂量有关。     

雌性五指山猪生殖器官生长发育的研究

五指山猪是中国特有的小型猪种,是作为人类实验模型的首选动物之一.为给五指山猪的品种保护和合理开发利用提供基础资料,试验采用解剖学和统计学方法,对不同日龄雌性五指山猪卵巢、输卵管和子宫进行了解剖测量,并对其数据进行了分析处理,探讨了其生长发育特点.结果表明,五指山猪卵巢长径、短径及厚度增长与日龄呈线性相关,其重量增长与日龄呈指数相关,而其指数随日龄增加呈先减后增的趋势;五指山猪输卵管长度和管径的增长与日龄呈线性相关,重量增长与日龄呈指数生长;五指山猪子宫体长度的生长与日龄呈线性生长模式,子宫体生长发育强度在70~110 d之间,其长度在1.093~11.557 cm之间.     

生长激素释放肽-2对猪生长性能、背膘及氮利用率的影响

选择体重(33±2)kg的DLY猪20头,随机分成4组,每组5头,分别以0、3、9、27μg/kgBW的剂量每日肌肉注射GHRP-228d。在试验的第3周进行4d的代谢试验;在第4周末测量活体背膘和眼肌厚度。结果表明:在第1周末随着剂量的增加,猪的日增重在处理组较对照组分别提高了10.51%、12.06%、16.21%(P<0.05);28d的平均日增重在处理组分别提高了4.5%、1.27%、8.99%(p<0.05)。饲料氮在第3周的消化率各组分别为82.92%、81.29%、82.3%、85.15%;代谢率52.59%6、51.8%、53.20%、56.67%。GHRP-2处理组有减少背膘和增加眼肌厚度的趋势。在试验条件下,以27μg/kgBW的剂量每日肌肉注射GHRP-22周可显著提高生长猪日增重,采食量在整个试验期处理组间无差异;连续处理的第3周出现生长抑制现象,其机理有待于进一步研究。     

β-羟基β-甲基丁酸钙对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血液激素的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中β-羟基β-甲基丁酸钙(HMB-Ca)对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血液激素变化的影响。选用刚出雏的雄性肉雏鸡600只,随机分配到5个处理组(每组6个重复,每重复20只鸡),分别饲喂HMB-Ca添加量为0 (对照组)、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%和0.2% 的日粮,试验期42 d。测定1~21、22~42 、1~42 d的平均日增重、平均采食量和料重比,42 d的屠宰性能及21 、42 d血清激素含量。结果表明,各组间肉鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P＞0.05),但后期和全期均以0.1% HMB-Ca组为最佳;42 d时,0.1% HMB-Ca显著提高肉鸡胸肌率(P＜0.05),同时该处理也有提高腿肌率的趋势(P＞0.05);42 d时,0.05%以上 HMB-Ca组胰岛素含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),以0.1%添加水平为最高;低剂量HMB-Ca(0.05%)组生长激素水平显著高于高剂量HMB-Ca组(0.15%和0.2%)(P＜0.05)。综上可知,HMB-Ca可促进肉仔鸡胸肌的生长发育,提高血清中胰岛素含量;肉仔鸡日粮中适宜的HMB-Ca添加水平为0.1%。     

An Investigation of Ovine Pneumonia in Four Herds from Central Norway: II. Relation Between Pathomorphology and Presence of Micro-Organisms

Sheep lungs obtained at slaughter from 4 herds from Central Norway were subjected to a macroscopical examination. Gross pulmonary findings included normal lungs, fibrous pleurisy, verminous nodules, atelectasis and consolidations of lobular and lobar extensions. A selection of lungs representing the various gross findings was subjected to microbiological and histological examinations. Pleurisy was associated wtih pneumonic consolidations and extension of lesions. Verminous nodules indicative of Muellerius spp. migrations occurred irrespective of gross pulmonary lesions or microbiological findings. A subacute or chronic pneumonia of a mixed proliferative exudative type was demonstrated in consolidated tissue. An association was found between the isolation of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and the presence of pneumonic lesions and between the number of organisms and extension of lesions. Histological findings highly indicative of this organism were proliferative changes in the bronchiolar and bronchial epithelium and intrapulmonary lymphoid tissue. The intensity of these changes was correlated to the number of mycoplasma organisms present. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is suggested to be of primary etiological significance regarding subacute or chronic pneumonia in lambs at slaughter.     

三种饲料单独及组合投喂对多鳞白甲鱼仔鱼生长及存活率的影响

本研究旨在探讨商品饲料、黑水虻粉、裂殖壶藻粉单独及其组合投喂对多鳞白甲鱼仔鱼生长及存活率的影响。将1350尾出膜后5 d的健康多鳞白甲鱼仔鱼随机分为3组,每组3个重复,进行两个阶段为期25 d的饲养试验,前10 d为第一阶段,分别单独饲喂3种饲料,后15 d为第二阶段,向黑水虻粉、裂殖壶藻粉组饲料等比补充商品饲料进行饲喂。结果发现,生长方面,商品饲料组在两个阶段均保持最佳;黑水虻组在第一阶段短期内(前5 d)全长及体质量均最大,第二阶段15 d时体质量出现一定程度负增长(-26.93%),而后恢复增长;裂殖壶藻粉组第一阶段生长表现最差,第二阶段出现一定程度负增长(-10.51%),而后恢复,最终生长情况优于黑水虻粉组。成活率方面,整体成活率商品饲料组最高(85.66±4.51)%,裂殖壶藻粉组次之(72.67±11.57)%,黑水虻粉组最低(60.0±16.17)%;分阶段看,第一阶段裂殖壶藻粉组最高(96.44±2.04)%,其次为商品饲料(91.11±3.08)%,黑水虻粉组最低(85.78±2.77)%,第二阶段商品饲料组最高(85.66±4.51)%,裂殖壶藻粉组次之(75.34±10.24)%,黑水虻粉组最低(69.59±16.79)%。研究表明,本试验条件下,商品饲料作为多鳞白甲鱼仔鱼开口饲料,其生长效果最佳,而裂殖壶藻粉在保持较高存活率方面效果较为明显。今后应进一步研究黑水虻粉及裂殖壶藻粉在饵料中的配比及应用方式。     

木薯渣对22～49日龄仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及内脏器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平木薯渣对22~49日龄仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及内脏器官发育的影响。选取300只19日龄健康、体重相近的扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加5%、10%、15%和20%木薯渣的试验饲粮,试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加木薯渣显著提高22~28日龄、29~35日龄、22~49日龄仔鹅的平均日采食量和22~28日龄、22~49日龄仔鹅的平均日增重(P0.05),其中22~49日龄仔鹅的平均日增重与木薯渣添加水平呈二次曲线关系(P=0.017),达到最高平均日增重的木薯渣添加水平是12.4%。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加木薯渣显著降低仔鹅的肌胃指数和十二指肠的相对重量(P0.05)。3)对各组饲粮增重成本降低的百分比进行曲线模拟,结果呈现二次曲线关系(P0.05);当饲粮中木薯渣添加水平为17.9%时,增重成本降低百分比值最大。由此可见,饲粮中添加木薯渣可以促进22~49日龄仔鹅生长,降低饲料成本,对肌胃、十二指肠的发育有一定的影响。根据饲粮中添加木薯渣对平均日增重最高限量和饲料增重成本的最低限量,建议添加水平为12.4%~17.9%。     

对氨基苯胂酸对肥育猪生长性能和肉质的影响及其机理研究

1 2 0头“长嘉 (兴 )”肥育猪按体重、性别和遗传基础分成对照组和试验组 (每组三个重复 ,每个重复2 0头 ) ,分别饲喂含对氨基苯胂酸 (PAPAA)为 0和 70mg/kg的饲粮 ,进行 80天饲养试验 ,随后屠宰测定。结果表明 ,添加PAPAA使日增重提高 8.7% (P <0 .0 5) ,饲料转化率提高 1 1 .5% (P <0 .0 1 ) ,胴体瘦肉率提高 6.7% (P <0 .0 5) ,脂肪率降低 3.5% (P <0 .0 5) ,并发现眼肌面积提高 9.3% (P <0 .0 5)、大理石纹评分提高 5.0 % (P <0 .0 5)。残留测定显示 ;停药 4天后肌肉中砷含量达到国家卫生标准。组织分析发现 :饲粮中添加PAPAA使猪血清生长激素 (GH)浓度升高 4 4.0 % (P <0 .0 5)、胰岛素降低 2 3.4 % (P <0 .0 5) ;背最长肌、肾上腺和腺垂体cAMP含量分别提高 4 8.6%、30 .3%和 57.5% (P <0 .0 3)。上述结果揭示PA PAA似通过影响猪的内分泌系统机能而发挥其促进生长和改善胴体组成的效果     

低蛋白质饲粮补充缬氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮补充缬氨酸(Val)对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清指标的影响。选取300只1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡,随机分成5个组(Ⅰ～Ⅴ组),每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验各组饲粮赖氨酸(Lys)和粗蛋白质水平前期(1～21日龄)分别为1.17%和19.55%,后期(22～42日龄)分别为1.01%和17.67%;Ⅰ～Ⅴ组饲粮前期和后期Val/Lys值分别为68%、73%、78%、83%和88%。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)低蛋白质饲粮补充Val能显著提高1～42日龄肉鸡末体重和平均日增重(ADG)(P <0. 05),显著降低料重比(F/G)(P <0. 05),以ADG和F/G为效应指标进行二次曲线方程拟合表明,饲粮Val/Lys推荐值分别为80. 07%和81.03%。2)低蛋白质饲粮补充Val对肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组肉鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量以及总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但血清尿酸含量有所降低(0.05

0.05)。与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡血清中丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。低蛋白质饲粮补充Val对肉鸡血清游离氨基酸含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,低蛋白质饲粮补充Val能提高肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力。在本试验条件下,肉鸡获得最大ADG和最小F/G的饲粮Val/Lys推荐值分别为80.07%和81.03%。     

蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米对鲁西阉黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分的影响

本试验旨在研究蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米对鲁西阉黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分的影响。选取48头21月龄左右的鲁西阉黄牛[体重(459.6±10.3)kg],按照体重随机分为4组,每组12头牛,分别分配至3个围栏中进行饲养,每个围栏4头牛。4组试验牛饲喂4种不同的饲粮,分别为SFC0、SFC33、SFC67、SFC100,代表饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代粉碎玉米的比例分别为0、33%、67%和100%,饲粮中玉米含量为35.85%。试验期共180 d,分为2个阶段,第1阶段共84 d,包括14 d的预试期和70 d的正试期,试验结束后对生长性能进行测定;第2阶段共96 d,对肉牛进行育肥,试验结束后对屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分进行测定。结果显示:SFC100组的平均日增重(ADG)较SFC67、SFC33和SFC0组分别提高了14.95%、25.77%和38.20%,且SFC100、SFC67和SFC0组之间具有显著差异(P0.05);同时,与SFC0组相比,SFC33、SFC67和SFC100组的料重比分别降低了7.73%、17.01%和25.34%,且各组之间均存在显著差异(P0.05)。除SFC100组的眼肌面积显著大于SFC0组(P0.05)外,蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米未对屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分产生显著影响(P0.05)。此外,随着饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代比例的增加,肉牛的终末体重、ADG、眼肌面积和大理石花纹等级呈线性增加(P0.05),而料重比和屠宰率则呈线性降低(P0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中使用蒸汽压片玉米全部替代粉碎玉米可以在不影响屠宰性能和肉品质的基础上,显著提高鲁西阉黄牛的ADG和饲料转化效率,并在一定程度上能够提高优质牛肉切块的质量等级。     

三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其组织残留的研究

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的三聚氰酸(cyanuric acid,CYA)和/或三聚氰胺(melamine,MEL)对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其在血浆、组织中的残留.试验采用2×5两因子设计,1 200只1日龄科宝500肉鸡公雏随机分为10个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡.CYA设5个水平:0、10、20、...     

模拟条件下鸡舍氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能和日常行为的影响

本试验旨在研究不同氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能和日常行为的影响。试验在4个人工气候环境控制舱中进行,氨气浓度分别控制在(0±5)mg/kg、(25±5)mg/kg、(50±5)mg/kg和(80±5)mg/kg。选取21日龄、体重相近[(579.2±6.2)g]和健康的爱拔益加(Arbor Acres)雄性肉鸡480只,随机分在4个组中,每组设4个重复,每个重复30只鸡,笼养,自由采食和饮水,试验期为4周。在试验第21、22和23天,用录像设备记录试验鸡的日常行为;试验结束当天,所有试验鸡空腹称重,计算试验期平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比。试验结果显示:1)在0～50 mg/kg氨气浓度范围内,肉鸡的平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05);当氨气浓度达到80 mg/kg时,试验组肉鸡的平均日增重和平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)在0～80 mg/kg氨气浓度范围内,肉鸡的料重比无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)当氨气浓度达到50 mg/kg时,肉鸡趴卧持续时间显著减少(P<0.05);当氨气浓度达到80 mg/kg时,肉鸡趴卧持续时间极显著减少(P<0.01),而站立的次数和持续时间及走动的次数均显著增加(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,鸡舍内氨气的大量聚集会抑制肉鸡的生长,并对肉鸡日常行为的正常表达产生一定的影响,从而影响肉鸡的健康与福利。     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine Ultra-fine Powder on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in Hetian Fowl

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of compound Chinese medicine ultra-fine powder(CCMUP) on Hetian fowl growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality.630 one-day-old male Hetian fowls were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates per group and 35 animals per replication.The control group(CG) was fed with basal diet, the compound Chinese medicine ultra-fine powder groups(CCMUPG) and the antibiotic groups(AG) received the same diet supplemented with 1% CCMUP or antibiotic of livestock, respectively.The 130 d experiment was divided into 4 periods.The results showed as follow:①The weight in CCMUPG were all significantly higher than those of CG during the 4 periods of trial(P<0.05).The weight in CCMUPG and AG had no significant difference in other 3 periods of trial except the 28 d(P<0.05), ADFI, ADG and F/G in CCMUPG were better than that of CG in different degree.②Both the dressing percentage and the leg muscle percentage in CCMUPG were higher than those of CG(P<0.05; P<0.01), and the slaughter performance in CCMUPG was not significant different from AG(P>0.05).③Between CCMUPG and CG in the lightness of meat, pH, the shearing force and the drip loss rate had no difference(P>0.05), pH, lightness of meat and the shearing force at 24 h in CCMUPG were significant different from AG(P<0.05).It was concluded that dietary addition of CCMUP could increase the growth performance of Hetian fowl, which was equal to the antibiotic of livestock, and improve the slaughter performance and the meat quality.     

复方中药超微粉对河田鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究复方中药超微粉(CCMUP)对河田鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。将630羽1日龄河田鸡公雏随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复35羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,中药组和抗生素组在基础日粮中分别添加1%复方中药超微粉和饲用抗生素,试验期130 d,分为4阶段。结果表明:①与对照组相比,中药组4个试验阶段的体重显著提高(P<0.05),与抗生素组相比,中药组河田鸡除在28 d时体重显著高于抗生素组外(P<0.05),其余3个阶段两组体重差异均不显著(P>0.05),中药组各试验阶段的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)均不同程度优于对照组;②与对照组相比,中药组河田鸡屠宰率和腿肌率显著或极显著提高(P<0.05; P<0.01),中药组屠宰性能与抗生素组差异不显著(P>0.05);③与对照组相比,中药组屠宰后肉色亮度L^*、pH、剪切力和失水率与其差异均不显著(P>0.05),24h时,中药组pH、肉色亮度L^*与剪切力均与抗生素组差异显著(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,复方中药超微粉可以显著提高河田鸡的生长性能,与抗生素的促生长作用相当,同时明显改善了河田鸡的屠宰性能和肌肉品质。