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1.
    
Abstract  Genetic variation within and among stone loach, Barbatula barbatula L., populations inhabiting anthropogenically degraded watercourses in Flanders (northern part of Belgium) was assessed using five microsatellite markers. High levels of genetic diversity were observed at all sampling sites, (MNA: 6.2–11.2; H O: 0.64–0.75; H E: 0.67–0.85). Estimates of the effective population size varied between 1535 and 3021 individuals and there were no indications of recent severe bottlenecks. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among sites belonging to different river systems and drainage basins. These results suggest human activities, such as pollution and river engineering, have not impacted significantly on genetic variability in the stone loach populations investigated. It is possible that this lack of genetic erosion may be attributed to species-specific characteristics such as pollution tolerance and ecological flexibility.  相似文献   

2.
    
  1. India plays a significant role in dugong conservation by having the largest population within South Asia. The status of dugongs in India is largely unknown due to a paucity of reliable ecological data. This study generated mitochondrial control region sequences from ~10% of dugong individuals from existing populations within India. Furthermore, data generated in this study were compared with the global data to assess genetic lineages, population structure, and genetic diversity of Indian populations.
  2. Multiple analyses suggest that the Indian dugong populations are part of a single genetic cluster, comprising South Asia, North-west Indian Ocean, and South-west Indian Ocean populations. Despite small population size, they retain high genetic diversity with unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within South Asia. Within India, novel haplotypes are observed from all dugong habitats sampled, with overall high haplotype diversity (0.85 ± 0.04) but low nucleotide diversity (0.005 ± 0.001). Indian populations exhibit genetic differentiation with higher within-population variance (63.41%) than among populations (36.59%). Two of the haplotypes observed in India are shared with Sri Lanka, implying genetic connectivity between these populations.
  3. The genetic data from Indian dugong populations provide critical insights into the identification of dugong corridors and important dugong conservation zones in India. We suggest site-specific interventions, including the creation of new marine protected areas and boundary reorganization and expansion of other existing protected areas, to ensure population connectivity. In addition, simultaneous efforts towards seagrass meadow restoration, reduction of dugong mortalities, and community participation in dugong conservation are recommended for population recovery of this threatened marine herbivore.
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3.
应用AFLP标记分析了西北太平洋沿岸大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)的遗传多样性和群体结构.利用6对选择性引物对采自日本、韩国、越南及中国广西、广东、福建、台湾和浙江8个群体的126尾大弹涂鱼进行扩增.在15～500 bp之间得到186条条带,其中多态性片段160条,多态性比例为86.02％,每对引物组合扩增片段为25～36条,每对引物组合多态位点检出率为52.0％～96.42％.各群体的多态性位点比例在27.96％～57.53％之间,其中韩国群体的多态性位点比例最高,广东群体的多态性位点比例最低.各群体间Nei's遗传距离为0.038～0.151,遗传距离较大.各群体间遗传分化指数Fst值为0.175～0.459,均检测到显著的遗传分化(P=o.ooo).基于遗传距离矩阵构建的NJ系统树显示,大弹涂鱼的8个群体被分为了两支,其中日本、韩国及台湾群体聚为岛屿支系,浙江、福建、广东、广西和越南群体聚为大陆支系.AMOVA分析显示,大部分的变异组分来自于各群体内个体间,且组群间、群体间及群体内均存在明显的遗传分化.群体间遗传分化系数Gst为0.385 7,群体间的基因流Nm为0.796 4,群体间基因交流弱于其他多数鱼类.  相似文献   

4.
    
  • 1. Prochilodus lineatus (Prochilodontidae, Characiformes) is a migratory species of great economic importance both in fisheries and aquaculture that is found throughout the Jacuí, Paraíba do Sul, Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay river basins in South America. Earlier population studies of P. lineatus in the rio Grande basin (Paraná basin) indicated the existence of a single population; however, the range of this species has been fragmented by the construction of several dams. Such dams modified the environmental conditions and could have constrained the reproductive migration of P. lineatus, possibly leading to changes in the population genetic structure.
  • 2. In order to evaluate how genetic diversity is allocated in the rio Grande basin, 141 specimens of P. lineatus from eight collection sites were analysed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) with 15 restriction enzymes.
  • 3. Forty‐six haplotypes were detected, and 70% of them are restricted. The mean genetic variability indexes (h = 0.7721 and π = 1.6%) were similar to those found in natural populations with a large effective size. Fst and Exact Test values indicated a lack of structuring among the samples, and the model of isolation by distance was tested and rejected.
  • 4. The haplotype network indicated that this population of P. lineatus has been maintained as a single variable stock with some differences in the genetic composition (haplotypes) between samples. Indications of population expansion were detected, and this finding was supported by neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses.
  • 5. The present study focused on regions between dams to serve as a parameter for further evaluations of genetic variability and the putative impact of dams and repopulation programmes in natural populations of P. lineatus. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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5.
菲律宾蛤仔人工选育群体与野生群体的遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
本研究利用10对微卫星标记对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)人工选育群体与野生群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,每个位点的等位基因数为3~12个,期望杂合度范围为0.307~0.757,观测杂合度范围0.208~0.583。等位基因丰富度AR的大小范围是3.0~10.7,PCR扩增产物片段大小在178~390 bp,共得到63个等位基因,平均等位基因数范围从4.4(白蛤)到5.1(龙王塘野生群体),野生群体等位基因丰富度最大(5.278),白蛤群体的等位基因丰富度最小(4.267)。哈迪–温伯格检验发现4个群体和10对微卫星的40个组合中,有21个组合显著偏离哈迪–温伯格平衡状态。Kruskal-Wallis检验表明各个群体间的平均等位基因丰富度无显著差异。4个群体遗传分化系数F_(st)在0.086~0.180,遗传分化最大的是白斑马蛤群体与龙王塘野生群体(F_(st)=0.180),遗传分化最小的是白蛤群体和海洋橙群体(F_(st)=0.086)。人工选育群体表现为中度分化水平(F_(st):0.086~0.113);龙王塘野生群体与人工选育群体表现为较大分化水平(F_(st):0.134~0.180)。结果表明,人工选育群体的遗传多样性仍然比较高,但连续的选育对群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化有一定程度的影响。  相似文献   

6.
    
  1. Freshwater mussels of the family Unionidae are one of the most threatened groups worldwide and have suffered severe decline over recent decades. Although the freshwater duck mussel, Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758), is still widespread, this species has shown evidence of recent declines and is already protected in some European countries.
  2. Informed conservation efforts must take into account patterns in genetic diversity and phylogeography. In the present study, 20 newly developed polymorphic loci were described and tested in seven populations of A. anatina, belonging to three previously detected divergent mtDNA lineages. The genetic diversity patterns, within and among A. anatina populations, were evaluated to test their congruence with those lineages.
  3. A high genetic differentiation (FST) was found among all populations, with the exception of those in Central Europe (Germany) and the UK, which were not strongly structured.
  4. The present study confirms the division of the species into three evolutionarily significant units corresponding to the three previously detected mtDNA lineages, which should be managed independently. Furthermore, owing to the high differentiation among southern European populations, the establishment of distinct management units for the Guadalquivir, Guadiana and Douro populations in the Iberian Peninsula is also proposed.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
    
Octopuses are an important fishery resource in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and Octopus cyanea is an important fishery resource in this region. Although a gradual downward trend in catches of O. cyanea in the Ryukyu Archipelago has been reported, no study has focused on the connectivity and genetic structure, which are important parameters for conservation strategies. We used partial sequences of mitochondrial COI and MIG-seq, which can efficiently obtain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) to evaluate genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow among three populations of O. cyanea in the Ryukyu Archipelago. We combined population genetic analyses with biophysical approaches to understand larval dispersal patterns and the regional connectivity. Although there was a tendency for the Yaeyama population to become isolated from the Okinawa-jima populations, high genetic diversity was maintained overall, indicating frequent genetic exchange between populations. Population genetic analyses combined with larval dispersal simulations revealed that the contemporary migration of O. cyanea is asymmetric patterns among the three populations, suggesting that western coast of Okinawa-jima Island functions as a source population among the three populations we examined. The potential implications of this study on the conservation management of O. cyanea were discussed, namely that future population assessment approaches are needed to include western coast of Okinawa-jima populations. In addition, this study indicates that at least two different management units should be considered. This study is the first population genetic study of O. cyanea in the Ryukyu Archipelago and provides fundamental information on the genetic population structure of this species in this region.  相似文献   

8.
采用AFLP分子标记技术,以中国东海日本鳗鲡两个群体（闽江流域玻璃鳗养成的成鳗和长江口捕获的玻璃鳗）为材料研究其遗传多样性水平及群体的遗传结构。结果表明：6对选择性扩增引物共检测到363个位点其中闽江流域群体和长江口群体的多态位点数、多态位点频率、Nei’s基因多样性系数、Shannon’s信息指数分别为228和269、 62.81%和74.10%、 0.2781和0.3077、0.4092和0.4493,日本鳗鲡这两个群体均具有较丰富的遗传变异,但闽江流域群体的明显低于长江口群体。两群体的遗传相似度为0.814,遗传距离为0.2103,在用Nei’s遗传距离构建的遗传聚类图上,两群体明显分为两支,显示了群体分化现象,不同地理群到达产卵地的时间不同可能是造成这种现象的主要原因。  相似文献   

9.
    
  1. Molecular analysis is a powerful tool for assessing and developing conservation strategies for endangered species. Elasmobranchs comprise one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates, with about one-third of the species subject to some degree of threat. This is the case for Pseudobatos horkelii, the Brazilian guitarfish, which has suffered severe population reductions (>80%) in recent decades, mainly through coastal overfishing. Understanding the genetic diversity of this species is paramount to applying adequate management and conservation strategies.
  2. In this context, the present study evaluated the genetic diversity of P. horkelii, employing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) nuclear markers obtained by double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). Samples collected in three areas along the Brazilian Coast (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul) provided an average of 1,565,339 reads and 2,846 SNPs.
  3. The results indicate the presence of at least two genetically distinct populations along the Brazilian Coast, with molecular diversity differences noted among clusters. The heterozygosity excess observed in all populations is likely the result of a bottleneck, probably resulting from overfishing and habitat fragmentation. Moreover, the upwelling phenomenon in Cabo Frio, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, may have a significant influence over the observed genetic structure.
  4. The gene flow between the clusters was estimated and was noted as asymmetric between the populations studied. The observed patterns may be the result of the combination of biological characteristics and overfishing pressure in the past decades. The evidence of structured populations presenting genetic diversity differences provides insightful information for the development of stock management and conservation strategies for the Brazilian guitarfish.
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10.
刘雷  张伟杰  刘岩松  冷晓飞  欧凡江  臧晓宁  李旭光  丁君  常亚青 《水产学报》2023,16(3):039613-1-039613-11
为明确不同选育群体中间球海胆的遗传多样性和遗传结构,利用SSR-seq技术和15个微卫星位点,对1个家系选育群体 (FP)、1个群体选育群体 (IP)和1个未经选育的普通养殖群体 (CP)的遗传多样性及遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示,15个微卫星位点共检测出112个等位基因,FP、IP、CP 3个群体的平均观测等位基因数 (Na)分别为5.077、5.133和6.133个,平均有效等位基因 (Ne)分别为2.816、2.873和3.638个,平均观测杂合度 (Ho)分别为0.522、0.441和0.501,平均期望杂合度 (He)分别为0.595、0.599和0.667,平均多态性信息含量 (PIC)分别为0.546、0.543和0.623。家系选育群体 (FP) He与Ho的差值 (0.073)低于IP (0.158)和CP (0.166),平均固定指数 (F) (0.115)低于IP (0.248)和CP (0.246)。3个群体间遗传分化系数 (Fst)介于0.018~0.176,为中低等程度的遗传分化。分子方差分析 (AMOVA)结果显示,3个群体的遗传变异主要源于个体间。主成分分析 (PCoA)和聚类进化树结果均显示,3个群体之间的亲缘关系较近,其中IP群体遗传分化程度最高。研究表明,3个中间球海胆群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,多代家系选育和群体选育均未明显降低群体的遗传多样性,家系选育更有利于保持群体的杂合度和控制群体的近交水平,群体选育则会提升群体的遗传分化程度。  相似文献   

11.
    
  1. The porbeagle shark Lamna nasus is a large highly migratory shark distributed in cold and temperate marine waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere (SH). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the porbeagle is assessed globally as Vulnerable and regionally as Critically Endangered in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. This study explored, for the first time, the population genetics of L. nasus at a regional (south-east Pacific Ocean) and global scale.
  2. In this study, the null hypotheses of no genetic discontinuities among populations (i) within the SH, and (ii) between the SH and Northern Hemisphere (NH) were tested. Also, the demographic history of L. nasus in different ocean basins was assessed. Two mitochondrial markers (Control Region [CR] and cox1) well suited for population genetics inferences in sharks were used.
  3. Spatial–genetic analyses suggested two genetic clusters co-occurring in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. A two-way ANOVA using the cox1 but not the CR mtDNA fragment detected an effect of genetic identity on shark body size. Phylogeographic analyses, haplotype networks, and analyses of molecular variance demonstrated genetic differences between populations from the NH and SH but not among populations in the SH.
  4. Migration estimates indicated limited current maternal gene flow between the two hemispheres but high gene flow within hemispheres. Two well-defined haplotype groups with star-like shapes inhabited all ocean basins in the SH. These results could reflect a historical scenario of reproductive isolation and more recent mixture among previously isolated populations in the SH. A Bayesian skyline plot analysis indicated sudden population expansion in the SH occurring ~100–125 kya.
  5. This study highlights the need for additional studies focusing on the population genomics (using nuclear markers, i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms) and the general biology of L. nasus to explore the existence of genetically dissimilar populations in the SH. Such studies will help implementing efficient genetic monitoring programmes.
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12.
细纹子鱼(Liparis tanakae)主要分布于西北太平洋海域的朝鲜半岛、日本和我国渤海、黄海和东海,已成为黄渤海渔业资源的优势种类之一,并在黄渤海生态系统中的扮演着越来越重要的角色。因此,有必要对这一生态优势种的种群状况及遗传背景进行了解。根据线粒体COⅠ基因序列对辽宁沿海不同体色花纹的细纹子鱼辽东湾群体(n=20)和黄海北部群体(n=34)的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明,长度为623 bp的COⅠ基因片段,其A、T、G、C碱基的平均含量分别为22.3%,32.4%,26.9%,18.4%。在2个群体54 ind个体中共检测得到8个单倍型,其单倍型间遗传差异为0.2%~0.6%。两个群体的单倍型多样性指数和核苷酸多态性指数分别在0.56±0.06和0.70±0.05、0.001 0±0.000 9和0.001 7±0.001 3之间。分子方差分析显示两群体间无遗传分化。核苷酸不配对分析表明,细纹子鱼群体在50 000~116 000年前经历了群体扩张。  相似文献   

13.
利用13个多态性微卫星位点分析了大黄鱼官井洋优快01品系F1到F44个选育世代的遗传结构与遗传多样性变化情况。结果显示,随着选育的进行,4个世代群体遗传多样性指标值渐次下降,F1到F413个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量从0.638下降到0.524,平均等位基因数从5.462下降到4.308,平均观测杂合度从0.779下降到0.532,平均Shannon多样性指数从1.356下降为1.092。F1与其后各代遗传相似系数逐渐减小(从0.7194到0.5813),遗传距离逐渐增加,而相邻世代间的遗传相似性逐步升高,遗传分化指数(FST)渐次变小(F1～F2为0.0619,F2～F3为0.0511,F3～F4则为0.0475)。随着选育的进行,微卫星位点LYC0002和LYC0054等位基因频率有规律地发生变化,推测其可能与选育性状存在遗传上的相关。结果表明,经过连续4代的选育,部分不利基因遭到淘汰,选育群体的遗传基础逐步得到纯化,基因型逐渐趋向纯合、稳定,经进一步的选育可望获得较稳定的品系。  相似文献   

14.
    
  1. Wetlands are increasingly threatened by human activities worldwide. Genetic monitoring of associated wildlife provides valuable data to support their conservation. Waterbirds such as the wood stork (Mycteria americana) are good bioindicators of wetland disturbance and destruction.
  2. This study investigated past and contemporary levels of genetic diversity, differentiation and demographic processes in 236 wood storks from two major wetlands in Brazil in which breeding colonies are concentrated, using nine microsatellite loci and a 237‐bp untranslated fragment of the mitochondrial Control Region.
  3. Amapá populations (northern region) showed slightly higher levels of genetic diversity than Pantanal populations (central western region) and both populations had a low number of effective breeders.
  4. Results from assignment tests, F‐statistics, AMOVA, spatial and non‐spatial Bayesian clustering analyses support the hypothesis of gene flow among colonies within regions, but significant differentiation between regions.
  5. The better supported Bayesian coalescent models based on both markers indicated that the northern population exchanged migrants with unsampled populations, and that the central western population was founded by individuals from the north. Mitochondrial estimates revealed that the timing of population divergence broadly overlapped the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and that the central western population expanded more recently than the northern population.
  6. The results support the hypothesis that the coastal wetlands in northern Brazil remained stable enough to shelter large wood stork populations during the LGM and storks colonized freshwater wetlands in the central western region following deglacial warming.
  7. Conservation policies and protective measures should consider Amapá and Pantanal wood stork populations as genetically differentiated units and priority should be given to Amapá populations that represent the source gene pool. Continuous genetic monitoring of wood storks would help detect genetic signs of changes in demographic trends that may reflect alterations or degradation in wetlands.
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15.

文章利用线粒体细胞色素b (cytochrome b, cytb)基因全序列作为分子标记,分析了中国近海和陆架的花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)的遗传结构特征。从8个采样点266尾样本中共检测到142种单倍型,各采样点均表现出很高的单倍型多样性(0.925 1~0.992 9)和较低的核苷酸多样性(0.003 145~0.003 852)。单倍型的中间连接网络图呈现以4个优势共享单倍型为中心的星状发散结构,未发现与地理群体对应的谱系结构。分子方差分析表明花斑蛇鲻的遗传变异绝大部分(99.79%)来自种群内的个体之间,而群体之间几乎没有贡献遗传变异。成对遗传分化系数(FST)显示花斑蛇鲻群体间基因交流频繁,不存在明显的遗传差异,是一个随机交配群。中性检验表明种群历史动态显著偏离稳定种群模型,核苷酸错配分布表明花斑蛇鲻历史上曾经历过种群的快速扩张,扩张时间推算约在距今4万~10万年之前。研究结果表明,中国近海和陆架的花斑蛇鲻遗传分化不显著,在渔业上可以作为一个单元来管理。

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16.
    
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17.
为研究滆湖鲌类国家级水产种质资源保护区主要保护对象的种质遗传状况,通过PCR和测序技术,获得保护区翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)、蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus)等3种鲌属鱼类的细胞色素b(Cytb)基因序列,并分析了其遗传多样性和群体结构。结果显示,3种鲌鱼的Cytb基因全长为1 141 bp,碱基组成相似,均表现为A+T的含量(56.4%)高于G+C的含量(43.6%)。翘嘴鲌的Cytb基因有16个变异位点,定义14种单倍型,单倍型和核苷酸多样性分别为0.907和0.002 4;蒙古鲌的Cytb基因有8个变异位点,定义6种单倍型,单倍型和核苷酸多样性分别为0.863和0.002 4;达氏鲌的Cytb基因有10个变异位点,定义7种单倍型,单倍型和核苷酸多样性分别为0.573和0.001 2。整体来看,3种鲌鱼均具有高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性的遗传多样性模式,暗示3种鲌鱼群体在历史上经历过种群扩张,与中性检验结果和歧点分布图分析结果相一致。翘嘴鲌和蒙古鲌的种内遗传距离为0～0.006,达氏鲌的种内遗传距离为0～0.004,...  相似文献   

18.
利用8个微卫星标记对福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)基础群体、‘金蛎1号’选育系F6和野生群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,每个位点在各群体的等位基因数为7~24个,各群体在所有位点的平均等位基因数为10.3~17.6个,平均等位基因丰度为9.8~16.8。平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.655~0.662和0.788~0.872。经邦弗朗尼校正,哈迪–温伯格平衡检验结果显示,在24个群体–位点组合中18个群体–位点组合显著偏离平衡(P0.01)。群体内近交系数F_(is)值介于0.0095~0.2874,平均值为0.1992,遗传分化系数F_(st)介于0.0224~0.1627,平均值为0.0767,暗示选育群体中存在较低水平的非随机交配现象,属于中度偏低分化。研究表明,连续的选育对群体的遗传分化产生了一定的影响,但是,选育群体仍然具有较高水平的遗传多样性。  相似文献   

19.
    
  1. The paleback darter, Etheostoma pallididorsum, is considered imperilled and has recently been petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Previous allozyme-based studies found evidence of a small effective population size, warranting conservation concern. The objective of this study was to assess the population dynamics and the phylogeographical history of the paleback darter, using a multilocus microsatellite approach and mitochondrial DNA.
  2. The predictions of this study were that: paleback darter populations will exhibit low genetic diversity and minimal gene flow; population structure will correspond to the river systems from which the samples are derived; reservoir dams impounding the reaches between the Caddo and Ouachita rivers would serve as effective barriers to gene flow; and the Caddo and Ouachita rivers are reciprocally monophyletic.
  3. Microsatellite DNA loci revealed significant structure among sampled localities (global Fst = 0.17, P < 0.001), with evidence of two distinct populations representing the Caddo and Ouachita rivers. However, Bayesian phylogeographical analyses resulted in three distinct clades: Caddo River, Ouachita River, and Mazarn Creek. Divergence from the most recent ancestor shared among the river drainages was estimated at 60 Kya. Population genetic diversity was relatively low (He = 0.65; mean alleles per locus, A = 6.26), but was comparable with the population genetic diversity found in the close relatives slackwater darter, Etheostoma boschungi (He = 0.65; A = 6.74), and Tuscumbia darter, Etheostoma tuscumbia (He = 0.57; A = 5.53).
  4. These results have conservation implications for paleback darter populations and can be informative for other headwater specialist species. Like other headwater species with population structuring and relatively low genetic diversity, the persistence of paleback darter populations is likely to be tied to the persistence and connectivity of local breeding and non-breeding habitat. These results do not raise conservation concern for a population decline; however, the restricted distribution and endemic status of the species still renders paleback darter populations vulnerable to extirpation or extinction.
  相似文献   

20.
    
Abstract Population‐genetic structure and average long‐term effective size of yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch), sampled offshore from the Florida Keys and four localities in the US Caribbean, were investigated using nuclear‐encoded microsatellites and a fragment of the mitochondrially encoded ND‐4 gene. Analysis of spatial genetic variation revealed occurrence of up to four groupings (stocks) of yellowtail snapper: one in the Florida Keys, one along the west coast of Puerto Rico, one that includes the east coast of Puerto Rico and St. Thomas and one offshore of St. Croix. The observed genetic differences among localities are not strong, and additional sampling to examine whether the observed patterns of population structure are temporally stable is warranted. Levels of genetic variability and estimates of average, long‐term effective size (Ne) indicate that yellowtail snapper at all five localities have, at present, sufficient genetic variation to maintain long‐term integrity and sustainability.  相似文献   

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