Lactose Intolerance in a Calf

Lactose intolerance was identified as the cause of bovine neonatal diarrhea. Glucose and xylose oral absorptions were normal whereas lactose absorption was reduced relative to normal calves. Lactase deficiency is common in people but rarely reported in animals. The treatment of whole milk with lactase alleviated the diarrhea.     

Two-Headed, Two-Necked Conjoined Twin Calf with Arnold-Chiari Malformation in a Japanese Shorthorn Calf

A dicephalic Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) case revealed asymmetrical cranial bone abnormalities: the right cranium had the typical findings associated with bovine monocephalic ACM cases, whereas the left cranium had malformation that has not yet been described in previous bovine ACM cases. The only common finding in each cranium was a relative smallness of the cranium as the encasement of the brain.     

Poliomyelomalacia, pancreatic necrosis, and cerebellar malacia in turkey poults

Two-to-5-week-old turkey poults from three large Minnesota flocks exhibited ataxia, flaccid paralysis, and up to 5% mortality as unexpected death. The major post-mortem finding was cerebellar hemorrhage and softening detected in 22 of 89 clinically affected poults. Histologic findings were severe focal or multifocal poliomyelomalacia in the lumbosacral intumescentia of the spinal cord, cerebellar malacia, and single-cell or multifocal coagulative necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells. Thirty of 32 clinically affected poults examined had microscopic spinal cord lesions, 12 of 48 had cerebellar lesions, and 26 of 47 had pancreatic lesions. Gross and microscopic cerebellar lesions resembled those of vitamin E deficiency in chicks. Hepatic selenium levels were approximately twice normal expected levels for poults.     

Metabolism of Methenolone Acetate in a Veal Calf

The use of anabolic steroids has been banned in the European Union since 1981. In this study, the metabolism of the anabolic steroid methenolone acetate, was investigated in a male veal calf. After daily oral administration of methenolone acetate, three main metabolites were detected in both urine and faeces samples. Among these metabolites, α-methenolone was apparently the main one, but 1-methyl-5α-androstan-3,17-diol and 3α-hydroxy-1-methyl-5α-androstan-17-one were also observed. The parent compound was still detectable in faeces. As a consequence, abuse of methenolone acetate as growth promoter can be monitored by analysing urine and faeces samples. A few days after the last treatment, however, no metabolites were observed. α-Methenolone was detectable in urine until 5 days after the last treatment, but in faeces no metabolites were detectable after 3 days.     

Intussusception Involving the Spiral Colon in a Calf

Clinical examination of a ten month old Holstein heifer with a history of colic and anorexia revealed a distended viscus in the midline and a hard, sausage-shaped mass in the right lower posterior quadrant of the abdomen. At surgery, the mass was exteriorized and found to be an intussusception of the colon into the spiral colon. The intussusception was reduced by traction and the animal made an uneventful recovery.     

新生犊牛的护理

刚生下到7日龄之内的小牛,叫作新生犊牛,此时期称为“新生期”。犊牛在此时期,生理上发生很大变化:由原来用胎盘进行气体交换的胎儿,立即变成了用肺呼吸的犊牛;由原来生活在恒温的母体子宫内的胎儿,立即降落到变化多端的大气温度里;也由原来靠母体胎盘供应营养物质的胎儿,立刻变成靠自身采食各种营养物质的犊牛。由于犊牛生后最初几天,它的组织器官机能尚未充分发育,对外界不良环境的抵抗力较低,适应能力较弱,消化道粘膜容易被细菌穿过,皮肤的保护机能很差,神经系统的反应性也还不足。因此,初生犊牛容易受各种病菌的侵袭而引起疾病,以致造成…     

Calf pneumonia

Infectious calf pneumonia is a high-mortality pneumonia of housed dairy-type calves. Viruses are important etiologic agents and infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI-3 virus) may result in extensive, and sometimes fatal, lung damage. Respiratory viral infections are frequently followed by mycoplasmal and secondary bacterial invasion of the lower respiratory tract, which increases the extent and severity of lung damage. Bad housing, particularly bad ventilation, will increase the severity of pneumonia outbreaks. Although the source of respiratory viral infections is not always obvious, it is likely that a proportion of calves acquired infection from their dams early in life. The possibility of cross-infections from other domestic animals and from humans must also be considered. Diagnosis of respiratory virus infections necessitates submission of suitable respiratory tract specimens that are taken at an early stage in the outbreak together with paired sera. Various therapeutic and prophylactic regimens for the control of calf pneumonia are described.     

Platelet Function Defect in a 5-Day-Old Simmental Calf

A 5-day-old Simmental Heifer was evaluated for excessive bleeding from the skin following horse fly bites. A coagulation profile and platelet numbers were normal. In vitro platelet function, measured by whole blood aggregometry, was found to be abnormal when compared with age-matched controls. Therefore, this defect in hemostasis was attributed to a qualitative defect in platelet function.