富硒酵母对大鼠生产性能、脏器指数以及血常规指标的影响

将40只SD大鼠随机均分为4组(雌雄各半):对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂最组分别饲喂含0.036%、0.144%和0.288%富硒酵母的日粮,持续28 d.在试验过程中,记录大鼠的增重和采食量,计算食物利用率.试验结束时,记录大鼠心脏、脾脏、肝脏、肾脏、睾丸、卵巢重量并计算脏器指数,试验结束时采取血液样本进行血常规指标测定.结果表明,高、中、低剂量组大鼠的食物利用率、心脏、脾脏、睾丸、卵巢指数以及血液常规指标与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05);高剂鼍组大鼠的增重和采食量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),高剂量组大鼠的肾脏指数和肝脏指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05).低、中剂量富硒酵母日粮对大鼠的增重、采食量、肾脏、肝脏指数无明显影响;高剂量富硒酵母日粮对大鼠的增重、采食量、肾脏、肝脏指数有明显影响.     

氟砜霉素的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验

氟砜霉素对大鼠的急性毒性试验结果表明 ,氟砜霉素对大鼠的经口 LD5 0 大于每千克体重 50 0 0 mg。亚慢性毒性试验的结果表明 ,按每千克体重 1 0 0 mg的剂量应用氟砜霉素 3 0 d以上 ,会减少大鼠的增重 ,降低骨髓的造血机能 ,损伤肝脏 ,严重损伤肾脏及睾丸 ,但对脾脏、肺脏、雌性生殖器官、大脑无损伤。氟砜霉素 50mg/ kg的剂量对肾脏有轻度的损伤 ,在 3 0 d时可减少大鼠的增重 ,但对其他组织器官以及骨髓造血机能均无影响。氟砜霉素 3 0 mg/ kg的剂量应用 60 d,对大鼠的增重、骨髓造血机能及各组织器官均无影响     

柞蚕雄蛾粉大鼠90天喂养试验研究

为进一步了解柞蚕雄蛾的食用安全性,将柞蚕雄蛾粉按不同剂量拌入大鼠饲料中,饲喂90天,观察雌性和雄性大鼠的体重以及脏器增重情况,进行血常规检查,结果表明:添加柞蚕雄蛾粉后,雌性、雄性大鼠的生长发育及部分生理生化指标无显著性差异。     

约氏乳杆菌对大鼠生长性能、血液指标及脏器指数的影响

本试验旨在研究约氏乳杆菌对大鼠生长性能、血液指标及脏器指数的影响。试验选取SD大鼠80只,雌雄各半。大鼠按照体重相近的原则随机分为4个剂量组,即阴性对照组、试验Ⅰ(5 000 mg/kg体重)、试验Ⅱ(1 000 mg/kg体重)和试验Ⅲ组(200 mg/kg体重)。试验期为30 d。结果表明:试验剂量为200~1 000 mg/kg体重时,约氏乳杆菌对大鼠体增重、总采食量、饲料转化率、血液学指标和病理学指标的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05);试验剂量为5 000 mg/kg体重时,谷草转氨酶、血糖、总胆固醇差异不显著(P>0.05);与其他剂量组相比,大鼠的体增重和总采食量显著降低(P<0.05),但饲料转化率无显著差异(P>0.05);谷丙转氨酶水平显著降低(P<0.05),白蛋白和总蛋白显著增高(P<0.05);雌性大鼠尿素氮和雄性大鼠肌酐显著增高(P<0.05)。综合分析,约氏乳杆菌剂量低于1 000 mg/kg体重时,对大鼠平均日增重、血液指标及脏器指数无影响;约氏乳杆菌剂量高于5 000 mg/kg体重时,对大鼠脏器指数有影响。     

使用不同佐剂去势疫苗免疫效果的比较

分别应用明矾、氢氧化铝和弗氏佐剂的去势疫苗免疫 SD大鼠 ,检测大鼠 LHRH抗体效价、睾酮水平、观察睾丸肉眼及组织学变化 ,以及精子数量、畸形率的变化 ,确定去势疫苗的效果。结果表明明矾、氢氧化铝和弗氏佐剂组均能够较好的诱导大鼠产生 L HRH抗体 ,引起睾酮明显降低。三个免疫组与阴性对照组相比 ,都能使大鼠明显增重 ,并起到萎缩性腺的作用     

蝉花菌质在饲料中应用的安全性研究

试验通过蝉花菌质亚慢性毒性评价其安全性,为蝉花菌质作为饲料原料在畜牧行业的应用提供理论依据。试验设50000 mg/kg饲料（高）、10000 mg/kg饲料（中）和2000 mg/kg饲料（低）三个剂量组,另设一个阴性对照组,对大鼠连续染毒90 d,分析受试大鼠的食欲、饮水、增重、血液学指标、血液生化指标和病理学指标。研究结果表明：蝉花菌质在2000～50000 mg/kg饲料剂量内连续染毒90 d,受试大鼠高、中、低三个剂量组平均日采食量分别较对照组提高了0.31%、0.89%、0.19%,受试大鼠高、中、低三个剂量组平均日饮水量分别较对照组提高了2.91%、2.48%、1.06%,受试大鼠高、低两个剂量组平均日增重分别较对照组提高了0.53%、0.26%,受试大鼠中剂量组平均日增重分别较对照组降低了0.47%,但以上均无显著性差异（P> 0.05）;受试大鼠的血液学指标、血液生化指标和病理学指标与阴性对照组相比也均无显著性差异（P> 0.05）;在试验中期和试验结束时对高剂量组及阴性对照组试验大鼠的心、肝、脾、肾、十二指肠等主要脏器的组织切片进行观察发现,受试物高剂量...     

931饲用生物添加剂对大鼠急性和亚慢性毒性试验

用大鼠进行９３１饲用生物添加剂的急性和亚慢性毒试验，结果，其ＬＤ５０大于１２．０ｇ／ｋｇ体重，无任何毒性反应。经９０天饲喂，大鼠的行为、饮食无异常变化，６０天内的平均增重和饮料利用率均高于对照组。     

中药对断奶腹泻大鼠的生长性能、器官指数和血液生化指标的影响

为了探讨中药复方对断奶大鼠腹泻的防治效果,研究将19日龄断奶大鼠按照2×4因素随机分成8组:经腹泻造模处理的对照组、抗生素组、方Ⅰ组、方Ⅱ组以及未经腹泻处理的对照组、抗生素组、方Ⅰ组、方Ⅱ组,经过腹泻造模处理后,分别灌服无菌生理盐水、硫酸黏杆菌素、方Ⅰ、方Ⅱ,分别于第3,7,14天测定大鼠的平均日采食量、平均日增重、器官指数以及血清生化指标变化。结果表明:方Ⅰ和方Ⅱ均可提高断奶大鼠平均日采食量,且方Ⅱ对大鼠平均日增重和料重比的提高效果优于方Ⅰ;方Ⅰ和方Ⅱ可分别显著提高断奶大鼠肝脏指数和脾脏指数(P0.05);方Ⅰ和方Ⅱ均可一定程度提高断奶大鼠血清AST活性,降低断奶大鼠血清UREA含量;而硫酸黏杆菌素对所有检测指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。表明中药复方可有效提高断奶腹泻大鼠的生长性能和机体免疫能力,促进机体蛋白质合成代谢,并降低蛋白质分解代谢,有利于促进断奶大鼠的生长发育,且以方Ⅱ效果较好。     

TCDCA对大鼠脂肪代谢影响的初步研究

[目的]探讨TCDCA对大鼠脂肪代谢的影响。[方法]将36只雄性大鼠随机分为4组,即阴性对照组、TCDCA低剂量组、中剂量组及高剂量组,各组连续给药21 d后,分别测定每组大鼠的试验末体重、增重、料肉比,血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清总甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C),肝体比、肾体比、脂肪含量、体脂肪率及血常规等指标。[结果]TCDCA中剂量组的大鼠试验末体重及增重均显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.05);TCDCA低、中、高3个剂量组肝体比显著或极显著大于阴性对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);总体来看,与阴性对照组相比,TCDCA低、中、高3个剂量组的料肉比,TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平,肾体比、脂肪含量、体脂肪率,以及血常规指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。[结论]中剂量TCDCA能够显著降低大鼠体重,显著抑制大鼠的增重;低、中、高剂量的TCDCA对大鼠的料肉比、脂肪代谢相关指标及血常规指标均无显著影响。     

黄连水提物及其活性成分小檗碱对大鼠生长发育的促进作用

试验选取48只21日龄断奶SD大鼠,随机分成4个处理,试验组分别灌胃小檗碱(30、120mg/kg体重)、黄连水提物(含9.9%的小檗碱,300mg/kg体重),另设空白对照组。试验共15d。结果表明:30mg/kg体重小檗碱和300mg/kg体重黄连水提物均显著提高大鼠平均日增重(P<0.05),降低粪中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),增加回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P<0.05);300mg/kg体重黄连水提物还显著提高了大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数(P<0.05);120mg/kg体重小檗碱显著降低粪中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),提高大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数(P<0.05),增加回肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),但平均日增重与空白对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,300mg/kg体重黄连水提物在促进大鼠生长发育方面效果最佳。     

日粮中添加大豆黄酮对大鼠抗热应激能力的影响

日粮中添加大豆黄酮,研究其对大鼠抗热应激能力的影响。结果显示,添加大豆黄酮组大鼠平均增重稍有提高,料重比略有下降,表明大豆黄酮在一定程度上促进了大鼠生长。与正常对照组相比,热应激组大鼠血清GSH-Px活性极显著下降(P<0.01),血清葡萄糖含量显著上升(P<0.05);血清丙二醛(MDA)、尿素氮有所升高,IL-2水平有所降低,但差异均不显著。与热应激组相比,大豆黄酮热应激组血清MDA、尿素氮含量极显著下降(P<0.01);GSH-Px活性、IL-2水平有所升高,但差异均不显著。3组间胰岛素水平均无显著差异。结果提示,大豆黄酮一定程度上可增强大鼠抗热应激能力。     

Comparative response of swine and rats to high-fiber or high-protein diets

Twenty-four growing swine and 24 growing rats were fed high-protein (34%) diets on an ad libitum basis to determine their effects on body weight, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiological profile and visceral organ weights. High dietary fiber reduced body weight gain and gain:feed ratio in both swine and rats and decreased body fatness in swine; it increased relative kidney weight (percentage of body weight) in both swine and rats and decreased relative liver weight in rats but increased it in swine. Absolute weights of stomach and large intestine were unaffected by high fiber in either species, but relative weight of small and large intestine was increased in swine and relative weight of stomach was increased in rats. High dietary protein increased absolute and relative weights of kidneys in both species and increased relative liver in swine but not in rats. Absolute weight of large intestine was increased by high dietary protein in rats and tended to be increased in swine; relative large intestine weight was increased in both species. The microbial profile of large intestinal contents of rats showed no effect of diet on Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, Salmonella or total anaerobes and cellulolytic organisms, but coliforms were higher in rats fed high fiber or high protein than in controls. We conclude that dietary levels of fiber and protein influence growth of specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract of growing rats and swine, probably by different mechanisms of action.     

CANDIDA INGENS AS A POTENTIAL FODDER PROTEIN

Pig wastes were fermented and the supernatant was inoculated at the surface with Candida ingens which grew as a pellicle. This was harvested, dried and incorporated with wheat into 2 rations of 20% and 17.9% crude protein as were 2 similar rations using casein and wheat. Using rats the rations were compared for 43 d. There was no significant difference in weight gain or feed conversion between the yeast and casein fed rats at 20% crude protein nor was there a difference in weight gain at 17.9% crude protein; there was a significant difference in feed conversion at 17.9% crude protein (P less than .05). Rats fed C. ingens showed no abnormality at autopsy.     

Effects of feeding Ascochyta-infected and normal lentils to rats (short-term study).

Weanling, female, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either rat chow with no lentils, 80% normal lentils or 80% diseased lentils heavily infected with the fungus Ascochyta lentis. Body weight, feed consumption and clinical appearance were monitored over 90 days and blood samples were collected at the termination of the experiment. Weight gain and feed consumption were similar in the control group and the group fed diseased lentils. Weight gain was slightly depressed in the group fed normal lentils. These effects were attributed to the lentils being a poorer source of protein than the wheat, barley and soybean meal used in the control diet, but the protein content of the diseased lentils was higher than the normal lentils. Total white blood cell counts and lymphocyte counts were significantly depressed (P = 0.05) in the group fed the diseased lentil diet. Significant differences (P = 0.05) were found among groups in the ratios of liver, kidney and spleen weights to body weight.     

Relation of soya bean meal level to the concentration of plasma free amino acids and body growth in white rats

Amino acid (AA) levels in plasma and body growth were determined in rats (n20) fed diets with different soya bean meal levels. Free AA in plasma was determined by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. We have used four levels of protein diets like 8%, 15%, 23% and 35% in this trial. Rats which were fed the low-protein (8%) diet with low percentage of soya bean meal were found to be growth-retarded. The body weight gain of high protein group (35%) was lower than that of the 23% groups. In the rats fed with the low-soya bean meal diet, some nonessential AA (NEAA) in plasma like asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid and serine increased, whereas the essential AA (EAA), with the exception of arginine, methionine and valine decreased. Here, plasma EAA-to-NEAA ratios were not correlated to growth and experimental diet. We hypothesize that AA metabolism is associated to changes in growth in rats on different protein intake. This study has showed the sensitivity of body mass gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate of rats to four levels of protein in the diet under controlled experimental conditions.     

灌喂石榴汁对大鼠体重及粪便和盲肠中鞣花酸、尿石素A含量的影响

目的通过给SD大鼠灌喂石榴汁,研究其体重增加和粪便及盲肠内容中鞣花酸及尿石素A含量,为深层次研究鞣花酸及尿石素A的生物学作用提供数据支持。方法选择24只平均体重为（169.08±7.88）g的雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,每组8只,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。在相同日粮基础上,试验Ⅰ组大鼠每天每只灌喂1.5 mL石榴汁,试验Ⅱ组大鼠每天每只灌喂3.0 mL石榴汁,并获取大鼠体重数据及采集粪便及盲肠内容物样品。结果①试验Ⅱ组大鼠日增重显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,比对照组高36.32%;②灌喂石榴汁显著（P<0.05）增加大鼠粪便鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量;③灌喂石榴汁后,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组大鼠盲肠中鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。结论给大鼠灌喂石榴汁可以显著提高大鼠体重,显著或极显著提高大鼠粪便和盲肠内容中鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量,且灌喂3 mL/（只·d）效果最佳。     

Investigation on the growth of coprophagy-prevented rats with supplemented vitamin B12

The growth of coprophagy-prevented rats was compared under administration of normal levels of vitamin B12 and supplemented amounts. Two experiments in which supplemented amounts of vitamin B12 were administered were conducted under different conditions. Six rats per group were fed under coprophagy-allowed (conventional feeding) and coprophagy-prevented conditions respectively. In the first experiment, coprophagy-prevented rats were fed only feed containing recommended vitamin B12 level and forced fed hydrous faeces, vitamin B12 and folic acid respectively. In the second experiment, coprophagy-prevented rats were fed AIN-93G at the recommended vitamin B12 level (25 microg/kg diet), at 100 times the level and at 1000 times the level respectively. Body weight, feed consumption and amounts of each faeces type were determined in both experiments. In a comparison of body weight gain, we learned that coprophagy prevention reduced the values, but that there was no significant difference in the forced feeding group in the first experiment. Similar results were recognized in the second experiment. Vitamin B12 supplementation was not able to raise feed intake significantly and hence it obviously was not a severely limiting factor under the respective experimental condition which depressed feed intake.     

Bioavailability of threonine in soybean meal for rats and chicks.

The bioavailability of threonine in soybean meal and the effects of the excess amino acids in soybean meal on the estimate were measured using rats and chicks in slope-ratio assays. In Exp. 1, a corn-based diet containing .23% threonine was supplemented with 0 to 45% L-threonine in .05% increments. The growth rate of weanling rats fed these diets increased quadratically (P less than .001) with L-threonine addition, the increase being essentially linear up to the .10% addition. In Exp. 2, the basal diet was supplemented with 0, .025, .050, .075, or 100% threonine from L-threonine, simulated soybean meal (a mixture of crystalline amino acids with a pattern designed to simulate soybean meal), or soybean meal. Regressions of partitioned weight gain and body N gain of rats vs supplemental threonine intake were calculated for each source using multiple regression. Slope ratios (soybean meal:L-threonine) were .91 for weight gain and .92 for body N gain. The additional amino acids in simulated soybean meal did not affect the estimate. For Exp. 3, a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing .48% threonine was supplemented with 0 to 60% L-threonine in .10% increments. The growth rate of broiler chicks fed the diets increased quadratically (P less than .001) with L-threonine addition. The increase was essentially linear up to the .10% addition. In Exp. 4, the basal diet was supplemented as in Exp. 2. Regressions of partitioned weight gain of chicks vs supplemental threonine intake were calculated for each source. The slope ratio for soybean meal:L-threonine was 1.03; however, the model exhibited fundamental invalidity and therefore the estimate should be interpreted with caution. The additional amino acids in the simulated soybean meal did not affect the value.     

代乳粉在犊牛早期断奶技术中应用的试验研究

22头体重相近的荷斯坦犊牛随机分为2组,试验组饲喂代乳料,对照组饲喂新鲜牛奶。经60d的饲喂试验发现,试验组增重比对照组多5.3kg/头,且差异极显著(P<0.01),日增重比对照组提高了88.3g/d,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

Effect of growth hormone-secreting tumors on body composition and feed intake in young female Wistar-Furth rats

Growth hormone (GH) was elevated in young growing, intact female Wistar-Furth rats bearing growth hormone (GH1) or growth hormone and prolactin (GH3) secreting tumors. Animals were injected with GH1 or GH3 cells at 1 wk of age. Total feed intake was measured for the 8-wk period from weaning until killed at 11 wk of age. Animals were fed a commercial chow diet throughout the trial. Body composition and composition of the liver and tibialis anterior muscle were determined. Tumor-bearing rats were about 65% heavier than control rats at 11 wk of age: most of the difference in body weight gain was obtained during the last 4 wk of the trial. Total feed intake during the 8 wk after weaning was increased in both GH1 and GH3 tumor-bearing rats when compared with controls. Overall feed efficiency (grams feed consumed/gram body weight gain) was improved in tumor-bearing animals when compared with controls. The GH1 tumor-bearing rats were slightly hyperphagic during wk 8, 9 and 10 (grams feed consumed/gram body weight) when compared with controls. The total amount of body dry matter, protein and ash was increased in tumor-bearing rats when compared with controls. There was no effect on total body fat. Tumor-bearing rats had increased liver weight and increased fat, protein, RNA, DNA and dry matter content when compared with controls. Tumor induction increased the weight, total RNA and total fat content of the tibialis anterior muscle when compared with controls. There was no effect on muscle protein content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)