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1.
Medullary Position at the Craniocervical Junction in Mature Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: Relationship with Neurologic Signs and Syringomyelia 下载免费PDF全文
S. Cerda‐Gonzalez N.J. Olby E.H. Griffith 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):882-886
Background
Medullary elevation (ie, medullary kinking) at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) is reported in dogs with Chiari‐like malformations (CM), but its diagnostic criteria and clinical relevance are unclear.Objective
To describe the position of the medulla at the CCJ in mature cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS), and evaluate its relationship with clinical status and the presence of syringomyelia.Animals
Thirty‐six CKCS, 5–12 years of age, including 16 asymptomatic dogs.Methods
Dogs were assigned a neurologic grade; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CCJ then was performed. The presence of a CM and syringomyelia was recorded and syringomyelia severity was quantified. Medullary position was quantified using the medullary kinking index, the elevation angle and obex position relative to the foramen magnum. The relationship between medullary position measures and presence and severity of neurologic signs and syringomyelia was investigated.Results
Chiari‐like malformation was found in 33 dogs; 26 of them had syringomyelia. Mean medullary kinking index was 46.4% (SD, 10.3), elevation angle was 132° (SD, 12) and obex position was 3.5 mm (SD, 0.8). A higher medullary kinking index was associated with the presence of neurologic signs (P = .0368). Obex position was associated with the presence (P = .0018) and severity of syringomyelia (P = .0164).Conclusions and clinical importance
There is a significant association between medullary elevation and clinical signs, whereas more caudal brainstem positions appear related to the presence of syringomyelia. 相似文献2.
Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure over Time in Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
E.S. Bijsmans R.E. Jepson Y.M. Chang H.M. Syme J. Elliott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):855-861
Background
Hypertension is a common problem in older cats, most often associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cross‐sectional studies have suggested that blood pressure in cats increases with age.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine whether blood pressure in cats increases with age and whether this occurs independently of the presence of CKD. To investigate risk factors for developing hypertension.Animals/Subjects
Two hundred and sixty‐five cats with CKD and 133 healthy cats ≥9 years were retrospectively identified.Methods
Four groups were created according to status at initial evaluation (CKD or healthy) and blood pressure at the last included visit (normotensive [NT] or developed hypertension [DH]): Healthy‐NT, Healthy‐DH, CKD‐NT and CKD‐DH. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) over time slopes were compared with 0 and between groups. Risk factors for the development of hypertension were investigated, and associations of biochemical and clinical variables with SBP were examined.Results
Cats that were hypertensive at CKD diagnosis (n = 105) were not included in further analyses. Twenty‐seven cats with CKD and 9 healthy cats developed hypertension ≥3 months after diagnosis of CKD or their first visit. Systolic blood pressure significantly increased with age in all cats (P < .001). Healthy cats were at less risk than cats with CKD to become hypertensive (hazard ratio 0.2, P < .001), with creatinine being an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The high prevalence of hypertension in azotemic cats in this study shows the importance of monitoring of SBP in elderly cats, and in particular in cats with CKD. 相似文献3.
Secretoglobin and Transferrin Expression in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Horses with Chronic Respiratory Disease 下载免费PDF全文
M. Miskovic Feutz L.L. Couetil C.P. Riley X. Zhang J. Adamec R.E. Raskin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1692-1699
Background
Lower expression of secretoglobin and transferrin has been found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of a small number of horses with experimentally induced signs of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) compared to healthy controls.Hypothesis/Objectives
Secretoglobin and transferrin BALF expression will be similarly decreased in horses with naturally occurring clinical signs of RAO and in horses with experimentally induced clinical signs of RAO as compared to healthy controls and intermediate in horses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD).Animals
Recurrent airway obstruction‐affected and control horses were subjected to an experimental hay exposure trial to induce signs of RAO. Client‐owned horses with a presumptive diagnosis of RAO and controls from the same stable environments were recruited.Methods
Pulmonary function and BALF were evaluated from control and RAO‐affected research horses during an experimental hay exposure trial (n = 5 in each group) and from client‐owned horses (RAO‐affected horses, n = 17; IAD‐affected horses, n = 19; healthy controls, n = 5). The concentrations of secretoglobin and transferrin in BALF were assessed using Western blots.Results
Naturally occurring and experimentally induced RAO horses had similar decreases in BALF transferrin expression, but secretoglobin expression was most decreased in naturally occurring RAO. Secretoglobin and transferrin expression were both lower in BALF of RAO‐affected horses than in IAD‐affected and control horses.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Secretoglobin and transferrin expression is decreased in BALF of RAO‐affected horses after both experimental and natural exposure. Secretoglobin and transferrin likely play clinically relevant roles in the pathophysiology of RAO, and may thus be used as biomarkers of the disease. 相似文献4.
M. Leclere A. Lavoie‐Lamoureux J.‐P. Lavoie 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):940-945
Background
Systemic inflammation is observed in horses with heaves and could also be present in horses with a lesser degree of pulmonary inflammation.Hypothesis/Objectives
It was hypothesized that racehorses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD) have increased concentration of circulating acute phase proteins. The objective of this study was to compare serum acute phase proteins of racehorses with and without lower airway inflammation.Animals
Serum from 21 client‐owned Standardbred racehorses with exercise intolerance and lower airway inflammation and serum from 10 client‐owned Standardbred racehorses with exercise intolerance without lower airway inflammation.Methods
In a case–control study, serum samples from previously characterized horses presented for exercise intolerance with or without lower airway inflammation based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology were analyzed for serum amyloid A protein (SAA), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin using commercial ELISAs.Results
There was no significant differences between groups for SAA (non‐IAD versus IAD, median (range): 3.47 (0.06–34.94) versus 6.33 (0.06–80) μg/mL, P = .49), CRP (10.87 (2.05–29.03) versus 4.63 (0.02–31.81) μg/mL, P = .23) or haptoglobin (900.36 (607.99–2018.84) versus 749.54 (530.81–1076.95) μg/mL, P = .09).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In this population of poorly performing racehorses in training, serum SAA, CRP, and haptoglobin were not helpful in distinguishing between horses with IAD from horses with exercise intolerance from other causes. 相似文献5.
H. Titmarsh A.G. Gow S. Kilpatrick J. Sinclair T. Hill E. Milne A. Philbey J. Berry I. Handel R.J. Mellanby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1473-1478
Background
Dogs with a chronic enteropathy (CE) have a lower vitamin D status, than do healthy dogs. Vitamin D status has been associated with a negative clinical outcome in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.Objectives
To examine the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with a CE.Animals
Forty‐one dogs diagnosed with CE admitted to the Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals between 2007 and 2013.Methods
Retrospective review. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between dogs which were alive at follow up or had died because of non‐CE‐related reasons (survivors) and dogs which died or were euthanized due to their CE (non‐survivors). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of death in dogs with CE.Results
Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at the time a CE was diagnosed were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 15) (median nonsurvivors 4.36 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.6–17.0 ng/mL), median survivors (n = 26) (24.9 ng/mL interquartile range 15.63–39.45 ng/mL, P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor of death in dogs with CE (odds ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.02–1.18)]).Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis are predictive of outcome in dogs with CE. The role of vitamin D in the initiation and outcome of chronic enteropathies in dogs is deserving of further study. 相似文献6.
Estimating the Sensitivity and Specificity of Real‐Time Quantitative PCR of Fecal Samples for Diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Foals 下载免费PDF全文
S.D. Shaw N.D. Cohen M.K. Chaffin G.P. Blodgett M. Syndergaard D. Hurych 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1712-1717
Background
Real‐time, quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods for detecting Rhodococcus equi in feces have been developed as a noninvasive, rapid diagnostic test for R. equi pneumonia, but have not been evaluated in a large population of foals.Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of fecal PCR as a diagnostic test for R. equi pneumonia in foals using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods.Animals
186 foals born in 2011 at an R. equi‐endemic ranch in Texas.Methods
Fecal samples were collected at the time of onset of clinical signs for pneumonic foals (n = 31). Foals with pneumonia were matched by age and birth date to healthy (n = 31) and subclinical (n = 124) control foals; fecal samples were collected from these controls. DNA was extracted from feces using commercial kits and concentration of virulent R. equi in feces was determined by qPCR.Results
Concentration of R. equi in feces differed significantly (P < .05) among groups. The area under the ROC curve for fecal qPCR for diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia was 89% (95% CI, 83–99), with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 72%.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
qPCR of feces can be useful as an alternative to tracheobronchial aspiration for the diagnosis of R. equi in foals with clinical signs of pneumonia. Caution should be used in extrapolating results of this study to other populations because fecal concentration of R. equi might vary by geographic location or management practices. 相似文献7.
Prevalence and Prognostic Importance of Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease 下载免费PDF全文
M. Borgarelli J. Abbott L. Braz‐Ruivo D. Chiavegato S. Crosara K. Lamb I. Ljungvall M. Poggi R.A. Santilli J. Haggstrom 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):569-574
Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) but its effect on clinical outcome has not been investigated.Hypothesis/objectives
The presence of PH worsens the outcome in dogs with MMVD. To compare survival times of dogs with MMVD and PH to those without PH.Animals
Two hundred and twelve client‐owned dogs.Methods
Case review study. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with ACVIM stage B2 and C MMVD between January 2010 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Long‐term outcome was determined by telephone interview or from the medical record. End of the observation period was March 2013. PH was identified if tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity was >3 m/s.Results
Two hundred and twelve were identified. Eighty‐three dogs (39%) had PH. PH was more commonly identified in stage C compared to B2 (P < .0001). One hundred and five (49.5%) dogs died during the observation period. Median survival time for the entire study population was 567 days (95% CI 512–743). Stage C (P = .003), the presence of PH (P = .009), left atrial to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) >1.7 (P = .0002), normalized left‐ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDn) >1.73 (P = .048), and tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) >55 mmHg (P = .009) were associated with worse outcomes in the univariate analyses. The presence of TRPG >55 mmHg (HR 1.8 95% CI 1–2.9; P = .05) and LA/Ao > 1.7 (HR 2 95% CI 1.2–3.4; P = .01) remained significant predictors of worse outcome in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In dogs with MMVD, moderate to severe PH worsens outcome. 相似文献8.
Effect of Chronic Administration of Phenobarbital,or Bromide,on Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Dogs with Epilepsy 下载免费PDF全文
K.R. Muñana J.A. Nettifee‐Osborne M.G. Papich 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):614-619
Background
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a common add‐on antiepileptic drug (AED) in dogs with refractory seizures. Concurrent phenobarbital administration alters the disposition of LEV in healthy dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LEV in dogs with epilepsy when administered concurrently with conventional AEDs.Animals
Eighteen client‐owned dogs on maintenance treatment with LEV and phenobarbital (PB group, n = 6), LEV and bromide (BR group, n = 6) or LEV, phenobarbital and bromide (PB–BR group, n = 6).Methods
Prospective pharmacokinetic study. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after LEV administration. Plasma LEV concentrations were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. To account for dose differences among dogs, LEV concentrations were normalized to the mean study dose (26.4 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on adjusted concentrations, using a noncompartmental method, and area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) calculated to the last measured time point.Results
Compared to the PB and PB–BR groups, the BR group had significantly higher peak concentration (C max) (73.4 ± 24.0 versus 37.5 ± 13.7 and 26.5 ± 8.96 μg/mL, respectively, P < .001) and AUC (329 ± 114 versus 140 ± 64.7 and 98.7 ± 42.2 h*μg/mL, respectively, P < .001), and significantly lower clearance (CL/F) (71.8 ± 22.1 versus 187 ± 81.9 and 269 ± 127 mL/h/kg, respectively, P = .028).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Concurrent administration of PB alone or in combination with bromide increases LEV clearance in epileptic dogs compared to concurrent administration of bromide alone. Dosage increases might be indicated when utilizing LEV as add‐on treatment with phenobarbital in dogs. 相似文献9.
Serum Bile Acid Concentrations,Histopathological Features,and Short‐, and Long‐term Survival in Horses with Hepatic Disease 下载免费PDF全文
B. Dunkel S.A. Jones M.J. Pinilla A.K. Foote 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):644-650
Background
Serum bile acid concentrations (SBA) and a histopathological biopsy score [Equine Vet J 35 (2003) 534] are used prognostically in equine hepatic disease.Hypothesis
Histopathologic features and scores, but not SBA, differ between survivors and nonsurvivors and correlate with histopathologic evidence of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.Animals
Retrospective study. Records (1999–2011) of horses with hepatic disease diagnosed by biopsy and with concurrent measurements of SBA.Methods
Retrospective cohort study. Biopsies were examined for inflammatory cell infiltration including type and distribution, fibrosis, irreversible cytopathology affecting hepatocytes, hemosiderin, or other pigment deposition and bile duct proliferation. SBA, histopathological findings and a histological score [Equine Vet J 35 (2003) 534] were compared between short‐ (survival to discharge) and long‐term (>6 months) survivors and correlations between SBA and histopathological findings investigated.Results
Of 81 cases 90% survived short‐term and 83% long‐term. Short‐term and long‐term nonsurvival were associated with SBA (P = .009; P = .006), overall (P = .001; P = .002) and parenchymal (short‐term only; P = .01) inflammation, portal and bridging fibrosis (all P < .001), apoptosis or single cell necrosis (P < .001; P = .008), hemosiderin deposition in hepatocytes (P = .011; P = .028), biliary (both P < .001), vascular (P = .003; P = .045) and endothelial (P < .001; P = .02) hyperplasia, nucleic changes (P = .004; P < .001) and the histopathological score (both P < .001). SBA were significantly and positively correlated with overall (P = .001), parenchymal (P < .001) and portal (P = .004) inflammation and portal (P = .036) and bridging (P = .002) fibrosis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
SBA, histopathological findings and scores differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. SBA concentrations are associated with inflammation and fibrosis suggesting interference with hepatic function. A histopathological score >2 and, less so, SBA >20 μmol/L are specific but not sensitive indicators of nonsurvival. 相似文献10.
Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Dogs with Pituitary‐Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism and Atypical Hyperadrenocorticism 下载免费PDF全文
L.A. Frank G.A. Henry J.C. Whittemore B.D. Enders D.I. Mawby B.W. Rohrbach 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):193-199
Background
Atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC) is considered when dogs have clinical signs of hypercortisolemia with normal hyperadrenocorticism screening tests.Hypothesis/Objectives
To compare cortisol concentrations and adrenal gland size among dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC), and healthy controls.Animals
Ten healthy dogs, 7 dogs with PDH, and 8 dogs with AHAC.Method
Dogs were prospectively enrolled between November 2011 and January 2013. Dogs were diagnosed with PDH or AHAC based on clinical signs and positive screening test results (PDH) or abnormal extended adrenal hormone panel results (AHAC). Transverse adrenal gland measurements were obtained by abdominal ultrasound. Hourly mean cortisol (9 samplings), sum of hourly cortisol measurements and adrenal gland sizes were compared among the 3 groups.Results
Hourly (control, 1.4 ± 0.6 μg/dL; AHAC, 2.9 ± 1.3; PDH, 4.3 ± 1.5) (mean, SD) and sum (control, 11.3 ± 3.3; AHAC, 23.2 ± 7.7; PDH, 34.7 ± 9.9) cortisol concentrations differed significantly between the controls and AHAC (P < .01) and PDH (P < .01) groups. Hourly (P < .01) but not sum (P = .27) cortisol concentrations differed between AHAC and PDH dogs. Average transverse adrenal gland diameter of control dogs (5.3 ± 1.2 mm) was significantly less than dogs with PDH (6.4 ± 1.4; P = .02) and AHAC (7.2 ± 1.5; P < .01); adrenal gland diameter did not differ (P = .18) between dogs with AHAC and PDH.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Serum cortisol concentrations in dogs with AHAC were increased compared to controls but less than dogs with PDH, while adrenal gland diameter was similar between dogs with AHAC and PDH. These findings suggest cortisol excess could contribute to the pathophysiology of AHAC. 相似文献11.
Gallium Maltolate as an Alternative to Macrolides for Treatment of Presumed Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Foals 下载免费PDF全文
Noah D. Cohen Nathan M. Slovis Steeve Giguère Samantha Baker M. Keith Chaffin Lawrence R. Bernstein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):932-939
Background
Macrolide‐resistant isolates of Rhodococcus equi are emerging, prompting the search for clinically effective alternative antimicrobials.Hypothesis
The proportion of foals with ultrasonographic evidence of pneumonia presumed to be caused by R. equi that had a successful outcome when administered gallium maltolate (GaM) PO would not be more than 10% inferior (ie, lower) than that of foals receiving standard treatment.Animals
Fifty‐four foals with subclinical pulmonary abscesses among 509 foals at 6 breeding farms in Kentucky.Methods
Controlled, randomized, prospective noninferiority study. Foals with ultrasonographic lesions >1 cm in diameter (n = 54) were randomly allocated to receive per os either clarithromycin combined with rifampin (CLR+R) or GaM, and followed up for 28 days by daily physical inspections and weekly (n = 1 farm) or biweekly (n = 4 farms) thoracic ultrasound examinations by individuals unaware of treatment‐group assignments. Treatment success was defined as resolution of ultrasonographically identified pulmonary abscesses within 28 days of initiating treatment. Noninferiority was defined as a 90% confidence interval for the observed difference in CLR+R minus GaM that was ≤10%.Results
The proportion of GaM‐treated foals that resolved (70%; 14/20) was similar to that of foals treated with CLR+R (74%; 25/34), but we failed to demonstrate noninferiority for GaM relative to CLR+R; however, GaM was noninferior to CLR+R treatment when results from a noncompliant farm were excluded.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Gallium maltolate is not inferior to macrolides for treating foals with subclinical pneumonia. Use of GaM might reduce pressure for macrolide‐resistance in R. equi. 相似文献12.
Jean A. Hall Maha Yerramilli Edward Obare Murthy Yerramilli Lynda D. Melendez Dennis E. Jewell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):808-814
Background
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is an accurate and precise biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans and cats. Serum creatinine (sCr) also correlates with GFR, but has limitations as a biomarker of renal function because nonrenal factors can influence its concentration.Hypothesis
Differences in lean body mass (LBM) influence sCr, but not serum SDMA concentrations.Animals
Forty‐one healthy Beagles, mean age 9.9 years (range: 3.1–14.8 years), were studied over a 6 month period.Methods
Serum biomarkers of renal function were measured prospectively at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months. SDMA concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy and sCr concentrations by enzymatic colorimetry. Body composition was determined by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry.Results
LBM (P < .001) and age (P = .006) were significant explanatory variables for sCr concentration (R 2 = 0.38), but not SDMA concentration. Time on food was the only significant explanatory variable for SDMA concentration (R 2 = 0.49). SDMA concentrations decreased across time (P < .001). LBM was affected by sex (males > females; P = .02). Mature adult dogs (<8 years) had greater LBM compared with geriatric dogs (≥8 years; P < .001).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
sCr concentrations, but not SDMA concentrations, are influenced by LBM, which limits sCr utility as a biomarker for monitoring renal function in dogs with decreased LBM. Reductions in LBM can lower sCr concentration and overestimate GFR. SDMA concentrations, but not sCr concentrations were influenced by time on food. SDMA could have clinical advantages over sCr in monitoring response to nutritional interventions. 相似文献13.
Behavioral Abnormalities in Lagotto Romagnolo Dogs with a History of Benign Familial Juvenile Epilepsy: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study 下载免费PDF全文
T.S. Jokinen K. Tiira L. Metsähonkala E.H. Seppälä A. Hielm‐Björkman H. Lohi O. Laitinen‐Vapaavuori 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1081-1087
Background
Lagotto Romagnolo (LR) dogs with benign juvenile epilepsy syndrome often experience spontaneous remission of seizures. The long‐term outcome in these dogs currently is unknown. In humans, behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities have been reported in pediatric and adult‐onset epilepsies.Hypothesis/Objectives
The objectives of this study were to investigate possible neurobehavioral comorbidities in LR with a history of benign familial juvenile epilepsy (BFJE) and to assess the occurrence of seizures after the remission of seizures in puppyhood.Animals
A total of 25 LR with a history of BFJE and 91 control dogs of the same breed.Methods
Owners of the LR dogs in the BFJE and control groups completed an online questionnaire about each dog''s activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Principal component analysis (PCA) served to extract behavioral factors from the data. We then compared the scores of these factors between the 2 groups in a retrospective case–control study. We also interviewed all dog owners in the BFJE group by telephone to inquire specifically about possible seizures or other neurological problems after remission of seizures as a puppy.Results
Lagotto Romagnolo dogs with BFJE showed significantly higher scores on the factors Inattention and Excitability/Impulsivity than did the control group (P = .003; P = .021, respectively). Only 1 of the 25 BFJE LR exhibited seizures after remission of epilepsy in puppyhood.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Although the long‐term seizure outcome in BFJE LR seems to be good, the dogs exhibit behavioral abnormalities resembling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in humans, thus suggesting neurobehavioral comorbidities with epilepsy. 相似文献14.
A.C. Freeman S.R. Platt M. Kent E. Huguet C. Rusbridge S. Holmes 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1551-1559
Background
Although Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) have been described in many small breed dogs, the prevalence and clinical manifestations of this complex have not been documented in a large cohort of American Brussels Griffon (ABG) dogs.Objectives
To characterize the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of CM and SM in the ABG breed.Animals
Eighty‐four American Kennel Club registered ABG dogs were recruited.Methods
Prospective study. Complete histories and neurologic examinations were obtained before MRI. Images were blindly reviewed and calculations were made by using OsiriX. All analyses were performed by Student''s t‐test, Spearman''s correlation, ANOVA, and chi‐square test where appropriate.Results
Chiari‐like malformation and SM were present in 65% and 52% of dogs, respectively. Twenty‐eight percent of dogs had neurologic deficits and 20% had neck pain. Mean central canal (CC) transverse height was 2.5 mm with a mean length of 3.6 cervical vertebrae. Neurologic deficits were significantly associated with a larger syrinx (P = .04, P = .08) and syrinx size increased with age (P = .027). SM was associated with a smaller craniocervical junction (CCJ) height (P = .04) and larger ventricles (P = .0001; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Syringomyelia and CM are prevalent in American Brussels Griffon dogs. Syrinx size is associated with neurologic deficits, CM, larger ventricles, a smaller craniocervical junction height, neurologic deficits, and cerebellar herniation. Fifty‐two percent of dogs with a SM were clinically normal. 相似文献15.
Preliminary Investigation of the Area Under the l‐Lactate Concentration–Time Curve (LACAREA) in Critically Ill Equine Neonates 下载免费PDF全文
P.A. Wilkins B.J. Sheahan K.A. Vander Werf C. Castagnetti J. Hardy A. Schoster R.C. Boston 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):659-662
Background
A variety of measures of l‐lactate concentration ([LAC]) in the blood of critically ill neonatal foals have shown utility as prognostic indicators. These measures, evaluating either the severity of hyperlactatemia or the duration of exposure to hyperlactatemia, perform fairly well and have correctly classified 75–80% of foals examined in several studies. The area under the l‐lactate concentration versus time curve (LAC Area) encompasses both severity and duration of hyperlactatemia and should improve correct classification of patient survival.Hypothesis/Objectives
LAC Area is larger in nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals.Animals
Forty‐nine foals admitted for critical illness to 1 of 4 referral hospitals.Methods
Whole blood was obtained at admission and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after admission for measurement of l‐lactate using a handheld lactate meter. LAC Area was calculated for: admission–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24 hours, and admission–24 hours using the trapezoidal method and summing the 6‐hours interval areas to determine total 24 hours area. Differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were determined using robust regression and Kruskal–Wallis testing, P < .05.Results
LAC Area was significantly larger in nonsurviving foals (n = 9) than in surviving foals (n = 40) at all time periods examined.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Differences in LAC Area between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals are large and support further investigation of this method as an improved biomarker for survival in critically ill neonatal foals is indicated. 相似文献16.
A.B. Saunders S.G. Gordon M.M. Boggess M.W. Miller 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):401-410
Background
Published information regarding survival and long‐term cardiac remodeling after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure in dogs is limited.Objectives
To report outcome and identify prognostic variables in dogs with PDA, and to identify risk factors for persistent remodeling in dogs with a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up after closure.Animals
Five hundred and twenty client‐owned dogs.Methods
Retrospective review of medical records of 520 dogs with PDA. Outcome was determined by contacting owners and veterinarians. Dogs with PDA closure and ≥ 12 months of follow‐up were asked to return for a re‐evaluation.Results
In multivariable analysis of 506 dogs not euthanized at the time of diagnosis, not having a PDA closure procedure negatively affected survival (HzR = 16.9, P < .001). In 444 dogs undergoing successful PDA closure, clinical signs at presentation (HzR = 17, P = .02), concurrent congenital heart disease (HD) (HzR = 4.8, P = .038), and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) documented within 24 hours of closure (HzR = 4.5, P = .028) negatively affected survival. Seventy‐one dogs with ≥ 12 months follow‐up demonstrated a significant reduction in radiographic and echocardiographic measures of heart size (P = 0) and increased incidence of acquired HD (P = .001) at re‐evaluation. Dogs with increased left ventricular size and low fractional shortening at baseline were more likely to have persistent remodeling at re‐evaluation.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Patent ductus arteriosus closure confers important survival benefits and results in long‐term reverse remodeling in most dogs. Clinical signs at presentation, concurrent congenital HD, and severe MR negatively affect survival. Increased left ventricular systolic dimensions and systolic dysfunction at baseline correlated significantly with persistent remodeling. 相似文献17.
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Horses After Cardioversion to Sinus Rhythm 下载免费PDF全文
A. Decloedt C.C. Schwarzwald D. De Clercq N. Van Der Vekens B. Pardon G. van Loon 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):946-953
Background
Although atrial fibrillation (AF) can be successfully treated in horses, recurrence occurs frequently. In humans, atrial function after cardioversion can predict recurrence.Objectives
To examine the prognostic value of atrial mechanical function at 24 hours after cardioversion and other potential predictor variables for AF recurrence in horses.Animals
117 horses treated for AF at 4 referral centers.Methods
Retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were successful cardioversion, echocardiography at 24 hours after cardioversion and ≥4 months follow‐up. To determine factors associated with AF recurrence, a multivariable survival model was built.Results
133 AF episodes in 117 horses were included. AF recurred in 36/100 horses with a first AF episode and in 57/133 AF episodes overall. Factors associated with recurrence in horses with a first episode were previous unsuccessful treatment attempt (hazard ratio HR 2.36, 95% confidence interval CI 1.11–4.99, P = .025) and mild or moderate mitral regurgitation (HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.23–5.91, P = .013). When the last AF episode of all horses was included, previous AF (HR 2.53, 1.33–4.82, P = .005) and active left atrial fractional area change ≤9.6% (HR 3.43, 1.22–9.67, P = .020) were significant predictors.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The only echocardiographic variable of left atrial function with significant prognostic value for recurrence was low active left atrial fractional area change. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether echocardiography at a later timepoint could provide more prognostic information. 相似文献18.
M. Campos R. Ducatelle H.S. Kooistra G. Rutteman L. Duchateau I. Polis S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):564-570
Background
Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine tumor in the dog. Local invasive growth frequently precludes surgical excision and, in up to 38% of dogs, the tumor has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate new treatment modalities that may be useful for the large number of dogs with inoperable tumors or metastatic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of potential therapeutic targets in canine thyroid tumors.Animals
74 dogs with thyroid neoplasia.Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, cycloxygenase‐2 (cox‐2), and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).Results
Fifty‐four (73%) tumors were classified as follicular cell thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and 20 (27%) as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Eighty percent of FTCs and all MTCs had a high percentage (76–100%) of neoplastic cells immunopositive for VEGF. Thirteen percent of FTCs and 50% of MTCs expressed cox‐2. Seven percent of FTCs and 70% of MTCs expressed P‐gp. No tumor was immunopositive for p53 expression. Expression of VEGF (P = .034), cox‐2 (P = .013), and P‐gp (P < .001) was significantly higher in MTCs compared to FTCs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
VEGF is a potential therapeutic target in both FTC and MTC in dogs. Cox‐2 and P‐gp may be useful molecular targets in canine MTC. 相似文献19.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Density and Binding Affinity in Healthy Horses and Horses with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome 下载免费PDF全文
C.J. Hoffman H.C. McKenzie III M.O. Furr A. Desrochers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):626-635
Background
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis occurs in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Peripheral resistance to glucocorticoids has not been investigated in horses.Objective
To determine if glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in horses can be measured using flow cytometry, and to use this information to evaluate HPA axis dynamics.Animals
Eleven healthy adult horses in parts 1 and 2. Ten horses with SIRS and 10 age and sex matched controls in part 3.Methods
Flow cytometry was used to evaluate GR density and binding affinity (BA) in 3 healthy horses in part 1. In part 2, exogenous ACTH was administered to eight healthy horses. Their cortisol response and GR properties were measured. In part 3, CBC, serum biochemistry, cortisol and ACTH, and GR properties were compared between controls without SIRS (n = 10) and horses with SIRS (n = 10), and between survivors and nonsurvivors (n = 4 and n = 6 respectively).Results
Flow cytometry can be used to measure GR properties in equine PBMCs. No correlation was observed between plasma cortisol concentration and GR density or BA in healthy horses (r = −0.145, P = .428 and r = 0.046, P = .802 respectively). Nonsurvivors with SIRS had significantly decreased GR BA (P = .008). Horses with triglyceride concentration > 28.5 mg/dL had increased odds of nonsurvival (OR=117; 95% CI, 1.94–7,060). GR BA <35.79% was associated with nonsurvival (OR = 30.33; 95% CI, 0.96–960.5).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Tissue resistance to glucocorticoids contributes to HPA axis dysfunction in adult horses with SIRS. These horses might benefit from treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids. 相似文献20.
M.A. McMichael M. O'Brien S.A. Smith 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):499-504