共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Clinical Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 7 Dogs with Central Nervous System Aspergillosis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A.R. Taylor B.D. Young G.J. Levine K. Eden W. Corapi J.H. Rossmeisl Jr J.M. Levine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1556-1563
Background
Systemic aspergillosis is a manifestation of Aspergillus sp. infection that can result in central nervous system (CNS) involvement with marked alterations in CNS function. Information regarding the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in cases of aspergillosis with CNS involvement is lacking, resulting in a need for better understanding of this disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
The primary objectives were to describe the clinical features and MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis. The secondary objectives were to describe clinicopathologic findings and case outcome.Animals
Seven dogs with CNS aspergillosis.Methods
Archived records from 6 institutions were reviewed to identify cases with MRI of CNS aspergillosis confirmed with serum galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing, culture, or supported by histopathology. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic, histopathologic, and microbiologic findings were recorded and evaluated.Results
Aspergillosis of the CNS was identified in 7 dogs from 3 institutions. The median age was 3 years and six were German Shepherd dogs. Five dogs had signs of vestibular dysfunction as a component of multifocal neurological abnormalities. The MRI findings ranged from normal to abnormal, including hemorrhagic infarction and mass lesions.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Until now, all reported MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis have been abnormal. We document that CNS aspergillosis in dogs, particularly German Shepherd dogs, can be suspected based on neurologic signs, whether MRI findings are normal or abnormal. Confirmatory testing with galactomannan EIA, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or tissue culture should be performed in cases where aspergillosis is a differential diagnosis. 相似文献2.
H. Yamazaki S. Takagi N. Oh Y. Hoshino K. Hosoya M. Okumura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):204-210
Background
Definitive diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs is relatively difficult by conventional histopathological examination because objective features of HS are not well defined.Hypothesis
Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of selected cellular surface antigens (SAs) specific to HS in dogs can facilitate objective and rapid diagnosis.Animals
Dogs with HS (n = 30) and dogs without HS (n = 36), including those with other forms of lymphoma (n = 4), inflammatory diseases (n = 6), and other malignant neoplasias (n = 26).Methods
Retrospective clinical observational study. Specimens were collected by excisional biopsy, needle core biopsy, or fine needle aspiration. To determine HS detection efficacy, mRNA expression levels of selected SAs specific to HS in dogs, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, were quantitatively analyzed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results
Each SA mRNA expression level was significantly higher in HS dogs than in non‐HS dogs (P = .0082). Cutoff values for discriminating between HS and non‐HS dogs based on these expression levels were calculated on the basis of receiver‐operating characteristic analysis. Accuracy of the cutoff values, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, was 87.9, 86.4, 86.4, and 84.8%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Our results suggest that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of the selected SAs could be an adjunctive diagnostic technique with high diagnostic accuracy for HS in dogs. Substantial investigation is required for exclusion of diseases with similar cell types of origin to lymphoma. 相似文献3.
Use of Multidetector Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Dogs with Pericardial Effusion
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
K.F. Scollan B. Bottorff S. Stieger‐Vanegas S. Nemanic D. Sisson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):79-87
Background
Contrast‐enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) allows high spatial and temporal resolution imaging of cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal structures. Accurate determination of the cause of pericardial effusion (PE) is essential to providing appropriate treatment and prognosis. Echocardiography and pericardial fluid analysis may not differentiate between causes of PE and cannot identify extracardiac metastasis.Hypothesis/Objectives
Describe the thoracic and abdominal MDCT findings and evaluate the utility of MDCT to differentiate between neoplastic and nonneoplastic causes of PE in dogs.Animals
Eleven client‐owned dogs with PE diagnosed by echocardiography.Methods
Prospective observational study. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 3‐view thoracic radiography, and contrast‐enhanced thoracic and abdominal MDCT images were evaluated for the presence of cardiac masses, pulmonary metastases, and abdominal masses. Histopathology in 5 dogs and survival analysis in all dogs were evaluated.Results
A neoplastic cause was identified in 6/11 dogs and a nonneoplastic cause was identified in 5/11. Cardiac MDCT findings were consistent with TTE findings in all dogs with right atrial (5/5) and heart base masses (1/1). Pulmonary metastases were identified in 1/11 dogs by thoracic radiography and in 2/11 dogs by MDCT. MDCT identified splenic or hepatic lesions consistent with neoplasia in 6/11 and 5/11 dogs, respectively. Focal MDCT pericardial changes at the pericardiocentesis site were noted in 3/11 dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Multidetector computed tomography did not improve the detection of cardiac masses in dogs with PE over echocardiography. The benefit of MDCT was primarily in the detection of pulmonary metastases and extracardiac lesions using a single imaging modality. 相似文献4.
R. Gonalves H. Volk P.M. Smith J. Penderis L. Garosi E. MacKillop A. de Stefani G. Cherubini J.F. McConnell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1275-1279
Background
Corpus callosal abnormalities (CCA) in dogs have been only sporadically reported and are poorly characterized.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of dogs with CCA.Animals
Fifteen client‐owned dogs.Methods
Retrospective study. Records of the contributing institutions were reviewed to identify dogs diagnosed with malformations affecting the corpus callosum (CC); cases in which the CCA was thought to be secondary were excluded.Results
The most represented breeds were Staffordshire Bull Terriers (5/15) and Miniature Schnauzers (3/15; n = 3, 20%) and the mean age at time of presentation of 19 months (range 3–81 months). The clinical signs most commonly reported were adipsia/hypodipsia with associated hypernatremia (12/15), tremors (6/15), and seizures (6/15). Review of the MR images revealed that 10 dogs had absence of the rostral CC and hypoplasia of the caudal portion, 4 dogs had a diffusely hypoplastic and dysplastic CC, and 1 dog had a diffusely hypoplastic CC. In 14 cases, there was abnormal cortical development with fusion of the ventral frontal lobes and part of the diencephalon, indicating lobar holoprosencephaly.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Previous literature has mainly associated CCA with adipsia and only 12 of 15 dogs in the current series demonstrated this abnormality. There are different degrees of the malformation but in 10 dogs the rostral portion of the CC is most severely affected. Fourteen dogs have simultaneous fusion of the midline structures rostral to the CC; this region has several structures involved in thirst regulation and might explain this derangement. 相似文献5.
T.R. Harcourt‐Brown J. Campbell C. Warren‐Smith N.D. Jeffery N.P. Granger 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):231-237
Background
The importance of Chiari‐like malformation (CM) in the generation of clinical signs or the formation of syringomyelia in dogs is incompletely understood, partly because the prevalence of various CM definitions in unaffected dogs is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
The aims were: to estimate the prevalence of CM in dogs asymptomatic for CM or syringomyelia, according to 3 currently used definitions; and, to investigate the effect of brachycephaly and head position during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on estimates of the prevalence of CM.Animals
One ninety‐nine client‐owned dogs without apparent signs of CM or syringomyelia.Methods
Blinded, retrospective analysis. Archived MR images were analyzed for evidence of cerebellar indentation and impaction into or herniation through the foramen magnum. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship of CM diagnosis with head position and the cranial index (a measure of brachycephaly).Results
In 185 non‐Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs, indentation was identified in 44% (95% CI, 47–51%) and impaction in 22% (95% CI, 16–28%). No asymptomatic, non‐CKCS dogs showed herniation. Regression analysis showed a significant increase in the odds of indentation and impaction in an extended head position and as the cranial index increased (became more brachycephalic).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The high prevalence of cerebellar indentation and impaction suggests that they may be normal anatomical variations and therefore unsuitable as definitions of CM. We suggest that future research into CM in dogs should define cases and controls more strictly so that overlap between normal and abnormal animals is minimized. 相似文献6.
7.
M.E. Baumstark N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl C. Müller M. Wenger F.S. Boretti C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):154-159
Background
Some dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (HA) have normal sodium and potassium concentrations, a phenomenon called atypical Addison''s disease. The assumption that the zona glomerulosa and aldosterone secretion in these dogs are normal seems widely accepted; however, aldosterone measurements are missing in most published cases.Objectives
To measure aldosterone in dogs with HA with and without electrolyte abnormalities and to determine the time point of aldosterone peak concentrations during ACTH stimulation.Animals
Seventy dogs with HA, 22 dogs with diseases mimicking HA, and 19 healthy dogs.Methods
Prospective study. Blood samples were taken before and 60 minutes after injection of 250 μg ACTH in all dogs. Additional blood samples were taken 15, 30, and 45 minutes after ACTH in 7 dogs with HA and in 22 with diseases mimicking HA.Results
Baseline and ACTH‐stimulated aldosterone was significantly lower in dogs with HA than in the other groups. Aldosterone was low or undetectable in 67/70 dogs with HA independently of sodium and potassium levels. In 3 dogs, sodium/potassium concentrations were normal; in 1 dog, sodium was normal and potassium decreased. In all 4, ACTH‐stimulated aldosterone concentrations were below the detection limit of the assay. Aldosterone concentrations were not different at 30, 45, or 60 minutes after ACTH administration.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Cortisol and aldosterone secretion is compromised in dogs with HA with and without electrolyte abnormalities. The term atypical Addison''s disease, used for dogs with primary HA and normal electrolytes, must be reconsidered; other mechanisms allowing normal electrolyte balance without aldosterone should be evaluated in these dogs. 相似文献8.
M.E. Baumstark J. Nussberger F.S. Boretti M.W. Baumstark B. Riond C.E. Reusch N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1471-1478
Background
Measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA) is the gold standard for monitoring mineralocorticoid treatment in humans with primary hypoadrenocorticism (PH).Objectives
To compare PRA in dogs with newly diagnosed PH, dogs with diseases mimicking PH, and healthy dogs, and evaluate measurement of PRA to monitor therapeutic effects in dogs with PH treated with different mineralocorticoids.Animals
Eleven dogs with newly diagnosed PH (group 1), 10 dogs with diseases mimicking PH (group 2), 21 healthy dogs (group 3), 17 dogs with treated PH (group 4).Methods
In group 1, PRA was measured before treatment and at different times after initiating treatment. In groups 2 and 3, PRA was measured at initial presentation only. In group 4, no baseline PRA was obtained but PRA was measured once or every 1–6 months during treatment. Mineralocorticoid treatment consisted of fludrocortisone acetate (FC) or desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP).Results
Plasma renin activity before treatment was increased in dogs with PH compared to normal dogs and dogs with diseases mimicking PH with median activity of 27, 0.8, and 1.0 ng/mL/h, respectively. In dogs with PH, PRA decreased and normalized with mineralocorticoid treatment using DOCP but not with FC. In dogs treated with DOCP, PRA was lower than in dogs treated with FC. Plasma sodium concentrations were higher and potassium concentrations were lower with DOCP treatment compared to FC treatment.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Plasma renin activity is a reliable tool for monitoring mineralocorticoid treatment. DOCP treatment more effectively suppresses PRA compared to FC in dogs with PH. 相似文献9.
Sudden Death Associated with QT Interval Prolongation and KCNQ1 Gene Mutation in a Family of English Springer Spaniels
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
W.A. Ware Y. Reina‐Doreste J.A. Stern K.M. Meurs 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):561-568
Background
A 5‐year‐old, healthy English Springer Spaniel died suddenly 4 months after delivering a litter of 7 puppies. Within 4 months of the dam''s death, 3 offspring also died suddenly.Hypothesis
Abnormal cardiac repolarization, caused by an inherited long QT syndrome, is thought to be responsible for arrhythmias leading to sudden death in this family.Animals
Four remaining dogs from the affected litter and 11 related dogs.Methods
Physical examination and resting ECG were done on the littermates and 9 related dogs. Additional tests on some or all littermates included echocardiogram with Doppler, Holter monitoring, and routine serum biochemistry. Blood for DNA sequencing was obtained from all 15 dogs.Results
Three of 4 littermates examined, but no other dogs, had prolonged QT intervals with unique T‐wave morphology. DNA sequencing of the KCNQ1 gene identified a heterozygous single base pair mutation, unique to these 3 dogs, which changes a conserved amino acid from threonine to lysine and is predicted to change protein structure.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This family represents the first documentation in dogs of spontaneous familial QT prolongation, which was associated with a KCNQ1 gene mutation and sudden death. Although the final rhythm could not be documented in these dogs, their phenotypic manifestations of QT interval prolongation and abnormal ECG restitution suggested increased risk for sudden arrhythmic death. The KCNQ1 gene mutation identified is speculated to impair the cardiac repolarizing current I Ks, similar to KCNQ1 mutations causing long QT syndrome 1 in humans. 相似文献10.
S.J. Viitanen A. Lappalainen M.M. Rajamäki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):544-551
Background
Bacterial pneumonia (BP) is an inflammation of the lower airways and lung parenchyma secondary to bacterial infection. The pathogenesis of BP in dogs is complex and the role of canine respiratory viruses has not been fully evaluated.Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of viral co‐infections in dogs with BP and to assess demographic or clinical variables as well as disease severity associated with viral co‐infections.Animals
Twenty household dogs with BP caused by opportunistic bacteria and 13 dogs with chronic (>30 days) tracheobronchitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (BBTB).Methods
Prospective cross‐sectional observational study. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging, and cytologic and microbiologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage or transtracheal wash fluid. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine adenovirus, canine herpes virus, canine influenzavirus, canine distemper virus, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and canine pneumovirus, as well as B. bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma spp. were analyzed in respiratory samples using PCR assays.Results
CPIV was detected in 7/20 and CRCoV in 1/20 dogs with BP. Respiratory viruses were not detected in dogs with BBTB. There were no significant differences in clinical variables between BP dogs with and without a viral co‐infection.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Respiratory viruses were found frequently in dogs with BP and may therefore play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of BP. Clinical variables and disease severity did not differ between BP dogs with and without viral co‐infection. 相似文献11.
D.M. Seelig P. Avery T. Webb J. Yoshimoto J. Bromberek E.J. Ehrhart A.C. Avery 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):878-886
Background
Canine T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) is clinically and histologically heterogeneous with some forms, such as T‐zone lymphoma (TZL), having an indolent course. Immunophenotyping is an important tool in the classification of TCL in people, and can be equally useful in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
We hypothesized that loss of expression of the CD45 antigen is a specific diagnostic feature of TZL.Animals
Twenty dogs with concurrent histology and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry were studied in depth. An additional 494 dogs diagnosed by immunophenotyping were used to characterize the population of dogs with this disease.Methods
Lymph node biopsies from 35 dogs with TCL were classified by 2 pathologists using WHO criteria. Twenty lymph nodes were from dogs with CD45− TCL and 15 were from CD45+ TCL. The pathologists were blinded to the flow cytometry findings. Outcome information was sought for the 20 dogs with CD45− lymphoma, and population characteristics of the additional 494 dogs were described.Results
All 20 CD45− cases were classified as TZL. The 15 CD45+ cases were classified as aggressive TCL and are described in an accompanying paper. TZL cases had a median survival of 637 days. Examination of 494 additional dogs diagnosed with TZL by immunophenotyping demonstrated that 40% of cases are in Golden Retrievers, are diagnosed at a median age of 10 years, and the majority have lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis.Conclusions
TZL has unique immunophenotypic features that can be used for diagnosis. 相似文献12.
A.‐C. Merveille G. Battaille F. Billen S. Deleuze M. Fredholm A. Thomas C. Clercx A.‐S. Lequarré 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):771-778
Background
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is generally a recessively inherited disorder characterized by dysfunction of motile cilia. A mutation in a new causative gene (CCDC39) has been identified in the Old English Sheepdog (OES).Objectives
To describe the clinical findings and the molecular changes of affected dogs and estimate the worldwide prevalence of the mutation in a large cohort of OES.Animals
578 OES, including 28 affected and 550 clinically healthy dogs.Methods
This retrospective study reviewed the data of OES diagnosed with PCD and OES tested for the mutation. Clinical data including results of physical examination and further investigations were obtained on 11/28 dogs. CCDC39 expression was assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis in affected dogs and healthy dogs. DNA was extracted on 561/578 dogs and a genetic test by Taqman technology was developed to genotype the CCDC39 mutation in these dogs.Results
Clinical findings were recurrent nasal discharge and cough, pyrexia, leucocytosis, and bronchopneumonia. Ultrastructural defects were characterized by central microtubular abnormalities and decreased number of inner dynein arms (IDAs). Molecular analysis revealed a reduced expression of CCDC39 RNA and an absence of CCDC39 protein in affected dogs compared to healthy dogs. The mutation was more frequent in nonrandomly selected European OES population with a higher proportion of carriers (19%) compared to non‐European dogs (7%).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
CCDC39 mutation is dispersed in a worldwide population and is responsible for PCD in this breed. Genetic testing might enable control of this disease. 相似文献13.
H. Titmarsh A.G. Gow S. Kilpatrick J. Sinclair T. Hill E. Milne A. Philbey J. Berry I. Handel R.J. Mellanby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1473-1478
Background
Dogs with a chronic enteropathy (CE) have a lower vitamin D status, than do healthy dogs. Vitamin D status has been associated with a negative clinical outcome in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.Objectives
To examine the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with a CE.Animals
Forty‐one dogs diagnosed with CE admitted to the Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals between 2007 and 2013.Methods
Retrospective review. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between dogs which were alive at follow up or had died because of non‐CE‐related reasons (survivors) and dogs which died or were euthanized due to their CE (non‐survivors). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of death in dogs with CE.Results
Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at the time a CE was diagnosed were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 15) (median nonsurvivors 4.36 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.6–17.0 ng/mL), median survivors (n = 26) (24.9 ng/mL interquartile range 15.63–39.45 ng/mL, P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor of death in dogs with CE (odds ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.02–1.18)]).Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis are predictive of outcome in dogs with CE. The role of vitamin D in the initiation and outcome of chronic enteropathies in dogs is deserving of further study. 相似文献14.
E. Behling‐Kelly 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1692-1698
Background
People with renal disease develop a dyslipidemia that contributes to progression of renal injury and development of cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteins in dogs with renal disease have not been investigated.Hypothesis
Dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dyslipidemia characterized by increased lower density lipoproteins and decreased high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs). The degree of dyslipidemia is positively correlated with severity of disease, as reflected by serum creatinine concentration.Animals
Prospective study of client‐owned dogs presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals: 29 dogs with confirmed CKD, 5 dogs with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and 12 healthy control dogs presented for routine vaccinations, dental cleaning, or owned by students.Methods
Lipoprotein electrophoresis was used to quantify relative proportions of the 3 main classes of lipoproteins in canine serum: low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL. Serum cholesterol and creatinine concentrations; urinalysis and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were measured by standard methods.Results
Dyslipidemia was consistently found in dogs with CKD and NS and was characterized by a decrease in HDL and variable increases in LDL and VLDL. Dogs with NS had a proportionately greater increase in the VLDL fraction, as compared with dogs with CKD.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Dyslipidemia similar to that documented in people with renal disease occurs in dogs with CKD, despite serum cholesterol concentrations often being within the reference interval. The contribution of altered lipoproteins to the pathogenesis of renal disease in dogs warrants additional study. 相似文献15.
Atlanto‐Axial Malformation and Instability in Dogs with Pituitary Dwarfism due to an LHX3 Mutation
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A.M.W.Y. Voorbij B.P. Meij L.W.L. van Bruggen G.C.M. Grinwis Q.E.M. Stassen H.S. Kooistra 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):207-213
Background
Canine pituitary dwarfism or combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) in shepherd dogs is associated with an LHX3 mutation and can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some dogs with CPHD have neurological signs that are localized to the cervical spine. In human CPHD, caused by an LHX3 mutation, anatomical abnormalities in the atlanto‐axial (C1‐C2) joint have been described.Objectives
To evaluate the presence of atlanto‐axial malformations in dogs with pituitary dwarfism associated with an LHX3 mutation and to investigate the degree of similarity between the atlanto‐axial anomalies found in canine and human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation.Animals
Three client‐owned Czechoslovakian wolfdogs and 1 client‐owned German shepherd dog, previously diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism caused by an LHX3 mutation, with neurological signs indicating a cervical spinal disorder.Methods
Radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial neck and skull, necropsy, and histology.Results
Diagnostic imaging identified abnormal positioning of the dens axis and incomplete ossification of the suture lines between the ossification centers of the atlas with concurrent atlanto‐axial instability and dynamic compression of the spinal cord by the dens axis. The malformations and aberrant motion at C1–C2 were confirmed at necropsy and histology.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The atlanto‐axial abnormalities of the dwarf dogs resemble those encountered in human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation. These findings suggest an association between the LHX3 mutation in dogs with CPHD and atlanto‐axial malformations. Consequently, pituitary dwarfs should be monitored closely for neurological signs. 相似文献16.
Association of Gallbladder Mucocele Histologic Diagnosis with Selected Drug Use in Dogs: A Matched Case‐Control Study
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
J.L. Gookin M.T. Correa A. Peters A. Malueg K.G. Mathews J. Cullen G. Seiler 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1464-1472
Background
The cause of gallbladder mucocele (GBM) formation in dogs currently is unknown. Many available drugs represent a newer generation of xenobiotics that may predispose dogs to GBM formation.Objective
To determine if there is an association between the histologic diagnosis of GBM in dogs and administration of selected drugs.Animals
Eighty‐one dogs with a histologic diagnosis of GBM and 162 breed, age, and admission date‐matched control dogs from a single referral institution.Methods
Medical records of dogs with GBM and control dogs from 2001 to 2011 were reviewed. Owner verification of drug history was sought by a standard questionnaire. Reported use of heartworm, flea, and tick preventatives as well as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics, corticosteroids, or medications for treatment of osteoarthritis was recorded.Results
Dogs with GBM were 2.2 times as likely to have had reported use of thyroxine (as a proxy for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism) as control dogs (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.949–5.051), 3.6 times as likely to have had reported treatment for Cushing''s disease (95% CI, 1.228–10.612), and 2.3 times as likely to have had reported use of products containing imidacloprid (95% CI, 1.094–4.723). Analysis of a data subset containing only Shetland sheepdogs (23 GBM and 46 control) indicated that Shetland sheepdogs with GBM formation were 9.3 times as likely to have had reported use of imidacloprid as were control Shetland sheepdogs (95% CI, 1.103–78.239).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study provides evidence for an association between selected drug use and GBM formation in dogs. A larger epidemiologic study of Shetland sheepdogs with GBM formation and exposure to imidacloprid is warranted. 相似文献17.
Pulmonary Vein‐to‐Pulmonary Artery Ratio is an Echocardiographic Index of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A.‐C. Merveille G. Bolen E. Krafft E. Roels S. Gomart A.‐L. Etienne C. Clercx K. Mc Entee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1502-1509
Background
Early recognition of left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is important because it influences medical therapy, timing of follow‐up, and outcome.Hypothesis
Pulmonary vein diameter‐to‐pulmonary artery diameter ratio (PV/PA) measured by echocardiography can predict CHF.Animals
Ninety‐eight client‐owned dogs, 37 controls, and 61 dogs with DMVD.Methods
Prospective clinical cohort study. History, physical examination and Doppler‐echocardiography were performed. Dogs were classified as International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class I, II or III. Congestive heart failure was identified in a subset of 56 dogs based on radiographic findings. The PV/PA was measured in bidimensional (2D) and M‐mode by 2 investigators blinded to the radiologists’ conclusions.Results
Interobserver coefficients of variation for PV/PA acquisition and measurement were <10%. The PV/PA in control dogs was approximately 1 and increased with class of heart failure. The presence of CHF could be best predicted by measuring PV/PA in 2D echocardiography (cut‐off, 1.7; area under the curve, 0.98; CI, 0.97–0.98; P < .001) with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%.Conclusion and clinical importance
The PV/PA is a simple and reproducible echocardiographic variable that increases with class of heart failure and may help discriminate dogs in CHF from asymptomatic dogs with DMVD. Additional studies are required to determine whether PV/PA might provide additional information in the integrated interpretation of Doppler‐echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressures and could be used for rapid assessment of CHF in dogs in a critical care setting. 相似文献18.
F. Porciello D. Caivano M.E. Giorgi P. Knafelz M. Rishniw N.S. Moise A. Bufalari A. Fruganti F. Birettoni 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1504-1512
Background
Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is usually performed by fluoroscopy alone or together with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance has been used for deployment of Amplatz Canine Ductal Occluder (ACDO), but sometimes is limited by suboptimal acoustic windows. Transesophageal echocardiography can overcome such issues and provides higher image resolution at the level of the great vessels.Objectives
To determine if TEE without fluoroscopy could be used to successfully perform ductal occlusion for the treatment of PDA in dogs.Animals
Twenty client‐owned dogs with PDA.Methods
A prospective consecutive case series of PDA occlusion was performed using only TEE guidance. Dogs were positioned in right lateral recumbency and the TEE probe was positioned to visualize the descending aorta, PDA, and pulmonary artery. The guide wire, long introducer sheath, and ACDO were imaged by TEE to direct deployment.Results
Ductal occlusion was performed successfully without need for fluoroscopy and without complications in 19 dogs. One dog required a second larger ACDO because of embolization of the first device 18 hours after positioning.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
We have demonstrated that TEE monitoring without concurrent fluoroscopy can guide each step of transcatheter ACDO embolization thereby providing an alternate method of visualization for this procedure. Use of TEE alone can reduce radiation exposure or is an option when fluoroscopy is not available, and, therefore, should be evaluated in a larger case series to better assess procedural failure rates. 相似文献19.
Computed Tomographic Angiography under Sedation in the Diagnosis of Suspected Canine Pancreatitis: A Pilot Study
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A.M. Adrian D.C. Twedt S.L. Kraft A.J. Marolf 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):97-103
Background
Computed tomography (CT) is highly accurate for diagnosing pancreatitis in humans. The diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs is based on clinical signs, laboratory findings, and ultrasonographic (US) changes. There are, however, inherent limitations in relying on laboratory and ultrasound findings for the clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
We hypothesized that CT angiography would be a rapid and reliable method to confirm pancreatitis in dogs compared to ultrasonography. The aim was to describe the CT characteristics and compare them to ultrasound findings and correlate the CT appearance to the severity of the patients'' clinical course.Animals
A prospective pilot case series; 10 dogs with pancreatitis were enrolled if the history, clinical signs, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings were indicative of pancreatitis.Methods
A 3‐phase angiographic CT was performed under sedation. Afterward, each dog had US‐guided aspirates of the pancreas collected and blood drawn for cPLi assay. Images were evaluated for portion of visible pancreas, pancreatic size and margin, pancreatic parenchyma, presence of peripancreatic changes and contrast enhancement pattern. The results were compared with outcome.Results
An enlarged, homogeneously to heterogeneously attenuating and contrast‐enhancing pancreas with ill‐defined borders was identified in all dogs. CT identified more features characterizing pancreatic abnormalities compared to US. Thrombi were found in 3/10 dogs. Three dogs with heterogeneous contrast enhancement had an overall poorer outcome than those with homogenous enhancement.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
CT angiography under sedation was used in dogs to confirm clinically suspected pancreatitis and identified clinically relevant and potentially prognostic features of pancreatitis in dogs. 相似文献20.
Urinary and Plasma Catecholamines and Metanephrines in Dogs with Pheochromocytoma,Hypercortisolism, Nonadrenal Disease and in Healthy Dogs
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
E. Salesov F.S. Boretti N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl K.M. Rentsch B. Riond R. Hofmann‐Lehmann P.R. Kircher E. Grouzmann C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):597-602