Chemotactic activity of hemocytes derived from two marine neritid gastropod molluscs, Nerita albicilla and Heminerita japonica, to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli strains.

Hemocytes of two marine neritid gastropods, Nerita albicilla and Heminerita japonica, were attracted chemotactically to live Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli strains. Chemotactic attraction of N. albicilla hemocytes was enhanced in the presence of N. albicilla plasma, while that of H. japonica hemocytes was not enhanced in the presence of H. japonica plasma. Chemotactic activity of the hemocytes seems to participate in the rapid elimination of V. parahaemolyticus from these gastropods.     

Plasma-dependent chemotactic activity of hemocytes derived from a juvenile estuarine gastropod mollusc, Clithon retropictus, to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli strains.

Hemocytes of adult Clithon retropictus were attracted chemotactically to live Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli strains. The chemotaxis was stimulated by the plasma of adult C. retropictus. Hemocytes of the juvenile specimen were attracted chemotactically to V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli strains in the presence of the plasma of the juvenile and only to E. coli strain in the absence of the plasma. These evidences suggest that hemocytes of juvenile C. retropictus might be defective to recognize V. parahaemolyticus strains and that the hemocytes would display full activities in the presence of the plasma factor(s).     

Ecological cycle of thermostable direct hemolysin-producing strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a brackish-water area with special reference to molluscs and attached microalgae.

Prevalences of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)-producing strains in communities of a gastropod mollusc. Clithon retropictus, and a bivalve mollusc, Corbicula japonica, and levels of the strains in attached microalgae and muddy sediments were investigated at a brackish-water area along Hashizu Creek and Togo Pond in Japan, V. parahaemolyticus was detected from attached microalgae at Hashizu Creek in summer months with the highest level of 1.4 x 10(5) cfu/g. Levels of the organism among 20 animals of C. retropictus and C. japonica at the area varied betwen non-detectable level and 10(3) per mollusc in summer months. TDH was detected from culture supernatants of 11-16% of strains isolated from the algae, sediments and C. japonica and 28% of those isolated from C. retropictus at Hashizu Creek. These evidences suggest that C. retropictus would get TDH-positive strains from the algae.     

造血器官受损对家蚕血球机能与抗菌活性的影响

为了研究家蚕造血器官受损后的血球机能与抗菌活性 ,对家蚕幼虫的造血器官进行碳离子射线局部照射 ,调查了照射后血球的生死比率及血液的抗菌活性。结果表明 :对照蚕整个 5龄期血液中的死血球数基本不变 ;而照射蚕血液中的死血球数及机能低下的血球数随着发育明显增加 ,熟蚕时与对照蚕达到极显著差异 ;照射蚕血清中的酚氧化酶活性及对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果明显比对照蚕低。由此认为 ,血球的数量减少及其机能低下是引起家蚕免疫机能下降的主要原因。     

Effects of enteral and intravenous fluid therapy, magnesium sulfate, and sodium sulfate on colonic contents and feces in horses

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in systemic hydration, concentrations of electrolytes in plasma, hydration of colonic contents and feces, and gastrointestinal transit in horses treated with IV fluid therapy or enteral administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), sodium sulfate (NaSO4), water, or a balanced electrolyte solution. ANIMALS: 7 horses with fistulas in the right dorsal colon (RDC). PROCEDURE: In a crossover design, horses alternately received 1 of 6 treatments: no treatment (control); IV fluid therapy with lactated Ringer's solution; or enteral administration of MgSO4, Na2SO4, water, or a balanced electrolyte solution via nasogastric intubation. Physical examinations were performed and samples of blood, RDC contents, and feces were collected every 6 hours during the 48 hour-observation period. Horses were muzzled for the initial 24 hours but had access to water ad libitum. Horses had access to hay, salt, and water ad libitum for the last 24 hours. RESULTS: Enteral administration of a balanced electrolyte solution and Na2SO4 were the best treatments for promoting hydration of RDC contents, followed by water. Sodium sulfate was the best treatment for promoting fecal hydration, followed by MgSO4 and the balanced electrolyte solution. Sodium sulfate caused hypocalcemia and hypernatremia, and water caused hyponatremia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Enteral administration of a balanced electrolyte solution promoted hydration of RDC contents and may be useful in horses with large colon impactions. Enteral administration of either Na2SO4 or water may promote hydration of RDC contents but can cause severe electrolyte imbalances.     

Survivals of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli in a gastropod mollusc, Heminerita japonica.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains D-3 and R-13 were found to be cleared within 7 days from a marine neritid gastropod mollusc, Heminerita japonica, maintained in artificial seawater with salinities of 15, 25 and 35 permil (%) at 25 degrees C. Escherichia coli strain YS-2 survived at a level of 10(2) colony forming units per gram in the mollusc maintained in 15% water for up to 14 days and fell to non-detectable level within 7 days in a 35% salinity group. The ability of H. japonica to clear these organisms seems to be less active than that of a marine species. Nerita albicilla, and more active than that of an estuarine species. Clithon retropictus.     

湖北省江陵县湖滩地区牛日本血吸虫病流行特征的研究

选择湖北省江陵县5个行政村的水牛和黄牛，用血清学诊断法、饱和盐水漂浮虫卵法、顶管毛蚴孵化法检测日本血吸虫感染情况，并采用抽样法对调查村所属的湖滩钉螺分布情况进行了检查。结果，牛日本血吸虫病血清抗体检查阳性率为17．92％，饱和盐水漂浮虫卵法检查阳性率为19．46%，粪便毛蚴孵化法检查阳性率为16．04%，5个村湖滩钉螺的平均密度为0．445只／m^2。结果显示，该县日本血吸虫病流行严重。     

Oocyte viability and cortical activation under different salt solutions in Prochilodus lineatus (Teleostei: Prochilodontidae)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of five salt solutions in the maintenance of morphological features of cortical alveolus, hydration and fertilization capacity of Prochilodus lineatus oocytes. For this purpose, five saline solutions were tested: Ringer's solution, Ringer's lactate solution, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Hank's balanced salt solution without calcium (HBSS without calcium) and solution for salmonid eggs. Oocytes were maintained for 2 hr in saline solution with controlled temperature subsequently evaluated for hydration, cortical activation and fertilization ability. In the evaluation of the fertilization ability, two controls were used: C1—fertilized oocytes after extrusion—and C2—oocytes kept in ovarian fluid and fertilized after 2 hr. There was a significant reduction in the viability of oocytes C2 (28.8% ± 12.9%) compared to C1 (65.3% ± 26.7%), and no significant differences were found between treatments HBSS and HBSS without calcium and C2. Only HBSS and HBSS without calcium maintained the non‐activated state of the gametes, with a fertilization rate of 16.4% ± 6.7% and 5.6% ± 2.3%, respectively; however, they did not extend the viability of oocytes, such that they continued to undergo degradation during the storage period, similar to oocytes retained only in ovarian fluid.     

中国结缕草属植物抗盐性评价

根据形态分类和地理分布选择36份代表性结缕草属种质,在0%、0.2%、0.5%、1%、2%和4%NaCl浓度下砂培的抗盐实验结果表明,结缕草属种质在0.5%NaCl浓度以下除少数日本结缕草种质外基本不受盐害,大部分能抗1.0%NaCl浓度胁迫,在2.0%NaCl浓度以上则大部分种质受害,表明结缕草属种质具有较强的抗盐性;除少数外,其他种质的抗盐性都不如狗牙根品种"爬地青";这种抗盐性有较大的变异,这种变异首先来自于种间差异,其次来自于该种质地带性分布的土壤状况,如生长于海边或者滨海地区盐碱地的种类则抗盐性好。结缕草属种质的这种抗盐性与叶片长度、宽度以及叶面被毛情况呈高度负相关,但这种相关不体现在日本结缕草和中华结缕草种内。根据耐盐系数值,可将供试36份种分成高抗、中抗、抗和敏感4种类型。     

A microlarval development assay for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes.

A microlarval development test for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes is described. Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs were cultured to third stage larvae in the presence of Earle's balanced salt solution, yeast extract and bacteria in a total volume of 150 microliters. Good dose-response data were obtained with thiabendazole, levamisole, pyrantel tartrate and ivermectin allowing the determination of the 50 per cent lethal concentration and of resistance factors when resistant strains were available. The test was found to be accurate, sensitive, easy to carry out and applicable to the routine detection of resistance.     

结缕草ZjCCS基因的克隆与表达分析

为了解Cu/Zn超氧化物歧化酶分子伴侣基因(CCS)在结缕草逆境胁迫过程中的表达调控机制,以结缕草(Zoysia japonica)盐胁迫条件下的转录组数据为依据,结缕草cDNA为模板,通过RT-PCR法,克隆了924 bp长的结缕草ZjCCS基因的CDS序列。同源性分析显示该基因与谷子(Setaria italica)同源性最高,含有植物CCS蛋白所特有的3个保守结构域。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术研究该基因在非生物胁迫条件下在结缕草叶片中的表达情况,结果显示,在盐胁迫条件下,ZjCCS基因的表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,4 h表达量最高,相对于盐胁迫,干旱和重金属胁迫对ZjCCS基因的表达量影响不大,推测ZjCCS基因可能在结缕草响应盐胁迫过程中发挥作用。     

Histologic features of transplantable lymphoid tumor (Olson) during growth and regression induced by serum therapy

Susceptible 3-week-old chicks were inoculated with cells of an avian transplantable lymphoid tumor (TLT) and then treated with serum from immune chickens, serum from control chickens, or balanced salt solution. Progressive tumor growth was observed in chickens of all 3 treatment groups. Tumor growth was followed by regression only in chicks treated with immune serum. Regression was characterized by necrosis of tumor cells, muscle regeneration, and lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration.     

结缕草属优良品系SSR指纹图谱的构建

采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合快速银染检测,从45对Xgwm系列SSR引物中筛选出2对产物清晰、稳定的引物,建立了11个结缕草优良品系的DNA指纹图谱,并借鉴常规植物分类法,以品系的特征带为依据,从分子的角度将它们与生产上的主栽品种‘马尼拉’、‘青岛结缕草’和‘兰引3号’结缕草区分开来。最后利用统计软件SPSS 10.0通过欧氏平方距离法进行聚类分析,将14份参试材料分为3组。     

短期和长期盐胁迫对暖季型草坪草新选系生长的影响

通过盐水灌溉的方法,比较了短期(6周)和长期(9个月)盐胁迫对沟叶结缕草Zoysia matrella Z123、结缕草Z.japonica Z080、狗牙根Cynodon dactylon C291和海雀稗,Paspalum vaginatum P006 4个新选系生长影响的差异.以期为草坪草抗盐新品种选育和探讨短期与长期盐胁迫的试验结果之间的关系提供试验依据.结果表明:短期盐胁迫下以绿叶盖度和枝叶修剪干质量为指标,能够较好地评价草坪草的相对抗盐性,并且,待试材料短期的和长期的相对抗盐性评价结果是一致的.但具体到某一草种而言,在短期和长期盐胁迫后的实际生长表现上并不完全一致.短期盐胁迫下所有草坪草在50 g/L的盐度下均未死亡.而长期盐胁迫后Z080、C291、P006和Z123分别在20、40、50和50 g/L的盐度下死亡,长期盐胁迫下枝叶修剪干质量下降到50%时的盐度均小于短期盐胁迫的结果.根据长期盐胁迫下的绿叶盖度,4种草坪草的抗盐能力依次为:Z123>P006>C291>Z080.     

牛瘤胃微生物的分离鉴定与生化特性分析

【目的】通过对瘤胃液中分离所得的菌株进行研究,为益生菌制剂的制备提供基础数据。【方法】采集10头健康荷斯坦奶牛的瘤胃液,通过涂布、特性培养、纯化等步骤获得单一菌株,提取细菌DNA,进行16S rDNA的PCR扩增。通过16S rDNA基因测序鉴定后进行序列比对并构建系统发育树,确定菌株种类。对不同种类的细菌进行0～48 h的培养测定其生长特性,并进行耐酸碱和耐胆盐试验。【结果】通过涂布分离菌株得到20株分离菌,经PCR扩增后测序发现20株菌属于7种不同的菌,大致确定L7为解淀粉芽孢杆菌、K7为枯草芽孢杆菌、S7为嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、C2为地衣芽孢杆菌、M7为马链球菌、F7为弗氏酸柠檬杆菌、T7为吉氏库特菌。通过生长曲线可以看出,7株菌分别在24～36 h达到最快生长期。M7和K7对酸有较强的耐受性,而S7、C2和F7对酸性较为敏感,C2对碱的耐受性最强,而T7对胆盐的耐受性最强,S7对胆盐最不耐受。【结论】本研究从瘤胃中分离得到的7个菌株对酸碱和胆盐具有不同程度的耐受性,以及最适生长周期。     

杂草对紫花苜蓿的化感作用

以5种杂草水提液、醇提液对紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响进行了研究。结果显示：瘦风轮Calamintha graclis、卷耳Cerastium sp.、看麦娘Alopecurus aequalis和黄鹌菜Youngia japonica对紫花苜蓿均表现出不同程度的化感作用。瘦风轮显著降低了紫花苜蓿的种子萌发率;看麦娘则显著降低了紫花苜蓿苗长;经卷耳和黄鹌菜处理的紫花苜蓿种子萌发率和苗长均显著低于对照。瘦风轮和卷耳主要以水提液影响紫花苜蓿的种子萌发和幼苗生长;黄鹌菜和看麦娘对紫花苜蓿的化感物质则主要是醇溶性的。FGC 901品种受杂草的化感作用的影响大于GT 13R+FD8品种。     

Studies on the stability of a human adenovirus-rabies recombinant vaccine.

Human adenovirus type 5 containing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene (rHAd-RG1) has potential for the oral vaccination of animals. The stability of this recombinant was tested indoors and outdoors by measuring the loss in virus infectivity. Under indoor conditions the stability of the recombinant virus was studied in an egg yolk-containing commercial stabilizer and a simple buffered salt solution (EBSS; Earle's balanced salt solution) at 4 degrees C and room temperature (24-25 degrees C). Over 16 days, there was a more rapid loss in virus titer at room temperature than at 4 degrees C in both suspending media; however, these differences were slight and may be significant when the overall stability of the vaccine is considered. When the virus was mixed with either 10% (w/v) fox or skunk feces or EBSS, placed on stainless steel disks and the disks kept under ambient conditions (air temperature 24-25 degrees C; relative humidity 45-50%), there was a more rapid decline in virus titer in the fecal suspensions (3% remained after 72 h) than in EBSS (26% remained after 72 h). When bait-coated blister packs of the vaccine were placed in an outdoor location in the fall (October) season, there was a larger drop in the virus titer for vaccines placed in the sun (54% over 32 days) than for those in the shade (40% over 32 days). Incorporating proteinaceous stabilizers in the vaccine samples for outdoor study showed virus stability was not enhanced in their presence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A larval development test for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep

First stage larvae of a number of species of parasitic nematodes of sheep have been shown to develop to third stage larvae in the presence of a defined medium consisting of Earle's balanced salt solution and yeast extract. A larval development test, based on this culture technique, was used as a screen for detecting the presence of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep. It was found to be sensitive and simple to use and also appeared capable of detecting resistance to any of the main anthelmintic groups. Available anthelmintic sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta showed differences in development when incubated in the presence of either thiabendazole, levamisole and ivermectin. These differences were expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration required to prevent larval development over the incubation period.     

结缕草根际联合固氮菌的分离及初步鉴定

联合固氮菌在植物根际土壤生长或定植于植物根表细胞,这类细菌可将空气或土壤中的氮素转化为氨态氮供植物直接吸收利用.结合气相色谱仪,利用乙炔还原等方法对结缕草根际联合固氮菌进行了分离和鉴定.结果表明:从结缕草根际土壤中分离获得9株联合固氮菌株,菌株的固氮酶活性相差较大,为67.5～343.7 C2H4nmol/(ml·h)...     

利用不同染料复合染色判定家蚕血细胞的存活状况

家蚕有5种血细胞,可以通过吖啶橙(acridine orange,AO)和碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)染色来区分。溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑[3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT]是一种广泛应用于细胞增殖和活细胞鉴定的染色剂。通过对家蚕血细胞进行复染,即先用MTT染色,再用AO和PI染色,发现以下2种情况:很多颗粒细胞、浆细胞和所有的原血球细胞不能被MTT染色,但AO染色显示为活的细胞;被MTT染色的细胞表面有紫色纤维状物伸出,除了一部分具有伪足的颗粒细胞外,所有被MTT染色的血细胞也被PI染色,细胞核是红色。因此,利用这3种染料对家蚕血细胞复合染色来判断细胞的存活与死亡,需要仔细分析并分别对待。