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豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的产卵寄生和取食寄主行为描述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实验室条件下,以秒表配合解剖镜的观察方法,比较了豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae的产卵寄生和取食寄主的2种寄主处理行为。结果显示:2种处理行为的发生流程存在差异。雌蜂产卵寄生的行为流程为:搜索、刺探、梳理、产卵器插入(产卵)和休息;而雌蜂取食寄主的行为流程为:搜索、刺探、梳理、产卵器插入(不产卵)、取食寄主和休息。雌蜂用于产卵寄生的总处理时间(342.2±33.6s)显著低于用于取食寄主的总处理时间(1327.8±134.2s);其中2种寄主处理行为中对应的产卵器插入行为时间分别为85.9±7.4s和483.2±43.5s;产卵寄生的雌蜂不取食,而取食寄主的雌蜂的平均单次取食时间为233.8±17.3s。研究结果表明,潜蝇姬小蜂的取食寄主方式属于为非同时发生-致死型。 相似文献
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圆柏大痣小蜂Megastigmus sabinae Xu et He以幼虫在祁连圆柏健康球果内蛀食胚乳,并随球果同步发育,导致球果成熟后有果无仁,造成种子质量严重下降,严重影响祁连圆柏种子生产。为准确掌握圆柏大痣小蜂产卵特性,为其监测与防控提供基础信息,通过室内观察和室外布设样地,进行了圆柏大痣小蜂产卵特性研究。结果表明:圆柏大痣小蜂产卵行为包括交尾、产卵球果选择、穿刺及产卵4个阶段;圆柏大痣小蜂在球果不同部位的产卵量差异显著,在球果近柄部1/3处平均产卵率为70.34%、球果中部26.26%、球果脐部3.40%;在不同大小的祁连圆柏球果间其产卵量具显著差异,在纵径10.13~12.67 mm,横径9.18~10.38 mm的球果上产卵率最高(95.67%);在祁连圆柏树冠中部产卵量高于树冠上部和下部,在树冠中部的产卵数占总产卵数的53.43%,产卵量在树冠东、南、西、北方位上所占的比例分别为25.57%、34.10%、21.62%、18.71%;祁连圆柏幼龄林和成熟林与中龄林、混交林及林缘球果受害程度差异显著,(P<0.05);不同坡位祁连圆柏林分球果受害程度差异显著(P<0.05);祁连圆柏球果受害程度随着海拔升高呈逐渐减小趋势。圆柏大痣小蜂产卵行为分为4个阶段,产卵时对产卵位点、球果大小及树冠不同方位具有明显的选择性,不同林龄、坡位、海拔间祁连圆柏林分球果受害程度明显不同。 相似文献
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柞蚕蛹组织匀浆是当前赤眼蜂人工寄主卵的必需组成成分之一。蛹组织中含有未完全消化的食物残渣2.9%,对繁殖赤眼蜂有不良影响。过去都用手工全部加以去除。试验表明,去除61%的残渣,使残渣含量为蛹组织的1.14%时,用它配制成人工卵繁殖赤眼蜂,其化蛹率、每卵出蜂数、展翅率和雌性比均与对照(去除全部残渣)无显著差异。化蛹率可达70.9%,每一人工卵出蜂15.6头。试验用组织捣碎机,每分钟8000转,将柞蚕蛹捣碎5秒钟,经两层纱布过滤,不但可去除食物残渣68%,还可去除蛹壳。用此法获得的蛹组织匀浆作为成分之一,制成人工卵繁殖赤眼蜂,化蛹率达90.1%,显著高于用手工去残渣和蛹壳的方法。每卵出蜂数则无显著差异。 相似文献
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本文首次报导用人工饲料离体培养 玉米螟赤眼蜂从卵到成虫。饲料组成为柞蚕蛹血淋巴或柞蚕蛹整体匀浆液、蛋黄和牛奶。用此饲料作卵浆制成的人工卵,按1粒卵接6头蜂的比例接蜂,寄生率达90%以上。每一被寄生后出蜂的卵可得成蜂34—37头,其中雌性90%、展翅率95%,出蜂卵率56—63%。文中还讨论了赤眼蜂在人工卵内数最少不能化蛹的原因。 相似文献
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本文对重要昆虫天敌捕虱管蓟马Aleurodothripsfasciapennis (Franklin)的产卵进行了观察。观察结果显示捕虱管蓟马雌成虫一生平均产卵 31± 9粒 ,平均产卵天数为 2 7~ 5天。用线性回归方程拟合产卵量与产卵期的线性方程为 :Y =1 5 2 6X - 8 931 ,相关系数R=0 95 5。 相似文献
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Suckling DM Woods B Mitchell VJ Twidle A Lacey I Jang EB Wallace AR 《Pest management science》2011,67(8):1004-1014
BACKGROUND: Public opposition to aerial application of sex pheromone for mating disruption of light‐brown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walk.), in California stopped its further use in the ca $ 74 million eradication programme in 2008, underscoring the need for other eradication tactics. It is demonstrated that pheromone‐treated sterile Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies), Ceratitis capitata Wied., can disrupt communication in male moths. RESULTS: Medflies topically dosed with moth pheromone (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate showed a no observed effect level (NOEL) of ~10 µg fly?1, with increasing toxicity from 30 to 100 µg fly?1. Greater potency and longevity of attraction and lower mortality were achieved using microencapsulated pheromone. Releases of 1000 pheromone‐treated medflies ha?1 prevented male moth catch to synthetic lures in treated 4 ha plots for 1 day in suburban Perth, Australia. Releases of ca 3000 pheromone‐treated medflies ha?1 disrupted catch to single female moths in delta traps, and to synthetic pheromone lures. Percentage disruption on the first four nights was 95, 91, 82 and 85%. CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of moth catch using pheromone‐treated medflies is a novel development that, with future improvement, might provide a socially acceptable approach for application of the insect mating disruption technique to control invasive insects in urban environments. Adequacy of payload and other issues require resolution. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann is one of the most important threats to the trade of fresh fruits in the world due to its ability to survive in a wide range of hosts and climatic conditions. The main goal of this study is to evaluate if there is any significant relationship between the abundance of wild adults of C. capitata and the spatial characteristics of the location. The ordinary least squares estimation model calculated for each gender cannot provide a satisfactory general explanation for abundance of both genders of wild adults, yet it might generate some hypotheses about wild adult females of C. capitata fruit-seeking behaviour. Results from geographically weighted regression analysis can provide a satisfactory general explanation for abundance of both genders of wild adults. Both methods suggest that males are more dispersed than females, and because of that they might play an important role in scouting the surroundings for additional fruit hosts. The presence of some host-plants, even in places offering less protection (like pasture areas), provides an ecological corridor that supports the spread of wild adults of C. capitata. 相似文献
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测定了16种植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的产卵忌避、驱避及毒杀生物活性。试验结果表明,海芋、山苍子及盐肤木茎叶的乙醇提取物有明显的产卵忌避作用,忌避率在96.43%以上;山苍子、枫香植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的驱避作用明显,驱避率在80%以上;山苍子、盐肤木茎叶、牡荆和幌伞枫提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的毒杀效果明显,在处理72h后,死亡率在92%以上。 相似文献
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本文首次报导应用赤眼蜂蛹作为替代食料人工饲养尼氏钝绥螨。日食蛹量,幼螨为0.18头,产卵前期成螨达1.18头,而产卵期成螨则为0.95头左右。在25℃饲养条件下,每雌产卵达45粒,卵历期48小时,孵化率近92%,幼螨存活率88%,成螨雌性占55%,雌成螨寿命25天。用赤眼蜂蛹连代饲养的尼氏钝绥螨在桔园释放,对柑桔全爪螨具有明显的控制作用。 相似文献
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植物次生代谢物质和害虫防治 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
植物次生代谢物质从其生物合成途径可以将次生物质分成酚类、类萜、含氮化合物和其他次生物质4大类。 植物次生代谢物质对害虫有忌避和毒杀作用,引诱害虫在寄主上产卵,使其后代有较好生存环境。植物次生物质吸 引传粉昆虫繁衍后代,同时也吸引某些共生生物。植物次生代谢物质在昆虫和植物协同进化中具有信号转递功能。 相似文献
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The lethal doses of the pyrethroid deltamethrin were estimated for the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), and the sub-lethal effects of an LD25 on female walking behaviour were evaluated. Linear speed of treated parasitoids was reduced compared with that of untreated ones for a period of up to 24 h. The sub-lethal effects of deltamethrin on parasitoid response to patches contaminated by a contact kairomone from its host, Nezara viridula L (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), was also evaluated. Both treated and untreated parasitoids responded to host-contaminated patches by increasing residence time and decreasing linear speed. However, treated females showed a significantly lower residence time compared with untreated females. Both treated and untreated females showed a similar decrease over time in the proportion of time spent in the host-contaminated patch. Hence, we hypothesise that the sub-lethal effect of deltamethrin on host foraging may decrease T basalis efficacy in controlling N viridula. 相似文献