Change in SOC content in a small karst basin for the past 35 years and its influencing factors

ABSTRACT

To research soil organic carbon (SOC) in a typical small karst basin of western Guizhou in southwest China, data from the second national soil resource survey (1980) and data analysed in the laboratory in 2015 were used. This paper examines the changes in soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) in the topsoil (0–20 cm) over the past 35 years based on soil types, and the primary influencing factors are also discussed. The SOCD and SOCS slightly increased over this period. The SOCD increased from 4.91 kg m^?2 to 5.13 kg m^?2, and the SOCS increased from 368.27 × 10³ t to 385.09 × 10³ t. The basin sequestered a low level of carbon during this time. Paddy fields were the key contributor to the increases, and the SOCD and SOCS of paddy fields increased by 1.61 kg m^?2 and 32.39 × 10³ t, respectively. Generally, the SOCD and SOCS in the soils from the southern part of Houzhai Basin increased considerably, and those from the northern part of the basin decreased significantly. The spatial variation of SOCD in the Houzhai Basin was mainly due to natural factors. However, the temporal change of SOC was primary caused by human activities.     

Organic carbon and total nitrogen variability in permafrost-affected soils in a forest tundra ecotone

Soils of the high latitudes are expected to respond sensitively to climate change, but still little is known about carbon and nitrogen variability in them. We investigated the 0.44‐km² Little Grawijka Creek catchment of the forest tundra ecotone (northern Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation) in order (i) to relate the active‐layer thickness to controlling environmental factors, (ii) to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (NT) stocks, and (iii) to assess their variability with respect to different landscape units. The catchment was mapped on a 50 × 50 m grid for topography, dominant tree and ground vegetation, organic‐layer and moss‐layer thickness, and active‐layer thickness. At each grid point, bulk density, and SOC and NT concentrations were determined for depth increments. At three selected plots, 2‐m deep soil cores were taken and analysed for SOC, NT and ¹⁴C. A shallow active layer was found in intact raised bogs at plateaux situations and in mineral soils of north‐northeast (NNE) aspect. Good drainage and greater solar insolation on the south‐southwest (SSW) slopes are reflected in deeper active layers or lack of permafrost. Organic carbon stocks to a soil depth of 90 cm varied between 5 and 95 kg m^–2. The greatest stocks were found in the intact raised bogs and on the NNE slopes. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates the dominant role of active‐layer thickness for SOC and NT storage. The 2‐m soil cores suggest that permafrost soils store about the same amount of SOC from 90 to 200 cm as in the upper 90 cm. Most of this deep SOC pool was formed in the mid‐Holocene (organic soils) and the late Pleistocene (mineral soils). Our results showed that even within a small catchment of the forest tundra, active‐layer thickness and, hence, SOC and NT storage vary greatly within the landscape mosaic. This has to be taken into account when using upscaling methods such as remote sensing for assessing SOC and NT storage and cycling at a regional to continental level.     

Methane Fluxes from Alpine Wetlands of Zoige Plateau in Relation to Water Regime and Vegetation under Two Scales

Methane fluxes in alpine ecosystems remain insufficiently studied, especially in terms of the magnitude, temporal, and spatial patterns. To quantify the mean methane emission of alpine ecosystems, methane fluxes were measured among six ecosystems and microsites within each ecosystem at Zoige National Wetland Reserve. The average methane emission from Zoige Plateau was 2.25 mg CH₄ m^?2?h^?1, which fell into the range of methane emission rate reported by a number of studies in other alpine wetlands. Prevailing ecosystem types had important impacts on the methane flux on the landscape scale. In the wet ecosystems, the microsites had different methane emissions resulting from the differences in the depth of water table and associated vegetation characteristics. The identification of the microsites based on their vegetation characteristics thus allows upscaling of methane emissions in these ecosystems. However, in the dry ecosystems showing even methane uptake, the spatial variation in the methane fluxes was low and the vegetation has a poor predicative value for the methane fluxes. There, the soil porosity linked to the gas diffusion rate in soil would be the key factor explaining methane fluxes.     

Soil organic carbon in the rocky desert of northern Negev (Israel)

Purpose

So far, the soil organic carbon (SOC) literature is dominated by studies in the humid environments with huge stocks of vulnerable carbon. Limited attention has been given to dryland ecosystems despite being often considered to be highly sensitive to environmental change. Thus, there is insufficient research about the spatial patterns of SOC stocks and the interaction between soil depth, ecohydrology, geomorphic processes, and SOC stocks. This study aimed at identifying the relationship between surface characteristics, vegetation coverage, SOC, and SOC stocks in the arid northern Negev in Israel.

Materials and methods

The study site Sede Boker is ideally suited because of well-researched but variable ecohydrology. For this purpose, we sampled five slope sections with different ecohydrologic characteristics (e.g., soil and vegetation) and calculate SOC stocks. To identify controlling factors of SOC stocks on rocky desert slopes, we compared soil properties, vegetation coverage, SOC concentration, and stocks between the five ecohydrologic units.

Results and discussion

The results show that in Sede Boker, rocky desert slopes represent a significant SOC pool with a mean SOC stock of 0.58?kg?C?m^?2 averaged over the entire study area. The spatial variability of the soil coverage represents a strong control on SOC stocks, which varies between zero in uncovered areas and 1.54?kg?C?m^?2 on average in the soil-covered areas. Aspect-driven changes of solar radiation and thus of water availability are the dominant control of vegetation coverage and SOC stock in the study area.

Conclusions

The data indicate that dryland soils contain a significant amount of SOC. The SOC varies between the ecohydrologic units, which reflect (1) aspect-driven differences, (2) microscale topography, (3) soil formation, and (4) vegetation coverage, which are of greatest importance for estimating SOC stocks in drylands.     

Variation in soil organic carbon stock in different land uses and altitudes in Bagrot Valley,Northern Karakoram

Soil organic carbon tends to respond more sensitively to climate change and land use intensification in ecologically fragile and economically marginal regions of mountainous areas. This study aims to evaluate the soil organic carbon stock dynamic across various land uses at different altitudes in the Bagrot valley, Northern Karakoram, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Soil samples from 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm depth were collected from three land uses: pasture, forest, and adjacently located arable land at different altitude (ranging from 2100–4163 m). The variables investigated were soil bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon concentration (SOC), soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) and pH. A significant variation in all tested variables were found across the land uses and altitudes. Likewise, soil under forest had significantly higher values of SOCS (59.35?Mg ha^?1) than pasture (42.48?Mg ha^?1) and arable land (23.63?Mg ha^?1). Similarly, SOCS increased with increasing altitude and decreased with soil depth in all land uses. In addition, SOCS had a negative relationship with BD and pH. Overall results indicated that the land use intensification and climate change (increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation) were associated with declining SOCS. These results suggest restoration of degraded agricultural land to the forest, especially at higher altitude, and decrease in intensity of land use could increase SOCS in the study area as well as other similar mountainous regions.     

基于Landsat遥感影像和1∶50 000土壤数据库的福州市耕地有机碳动态变化研究

耕地土壤碳库是全球碳库中最为活跃的部分,其变化对全球气候变化产生重要影响。目前对耕地土壤有机碳估算多采用中、小系列比例尺的土壤数据库,较少结合遥感影像与大比例尺土壤数据库进行估算。基于此,本研究采用Landsat遥感影像和1∶50 000高精度土壤数据库,以福建省福州市为例,基于遥感与碳循环过程模型对1987年和2016年耕地土壤有机碳动态变化进行研究。结果表明,利用Landsat影像反演得到的耕地土壤基础呼吸与土壤有机碳相关性强,建立的1987年和2016年模型R²分别为0.637和0.752。研究期间,全市耕地土壤有机碳密度从东部沿海向西部内陆地区递增,整体发挥着“碳汇”作用,有机碳密度和储量分别增加0.20 kg·m^-2和2.946×10⁵ t。从不同土壤类型比较得出,黄壤、红壤和水稻土是“碳汇”,有机碳密度分别增加0.70 kg·m^-2、0.40 kg·m^-2和0.19 kg·m^-2;其他土类为“碳源”,其中,水稻土碳储量最大,两期在全市总碳储量中占比均超过90%。从不同行政区比较得出,仓山区、长乐区、马尾区和连江县为“碳源区”,其他地区为“碳汇区”,其中,仓山区碳储量一直为全市最低,两期占比均不足0.5%,而福清市则一直居于全市首位,占比均高于20%。总体而言,福州市耕地土壤有机碳30年间空间动态变化显著,在不同土类和行政区间存在差异,今后应根据不同耕地土壤类型和行政区的有机碳情况有针对性进行耕地管理。     

Landscape-scale species richness of earthworms in the Porongurup Range,Western Australia: influence of aspect,soil fertility,and vegetation type

Indigenous Australian earthworms comprise a patchily collected taxon that is likely to have high diversity and pose difficulties for systems of biodiversity prediction or monitoring that use surrogates. This is because surrogates for earthworm diversity have scarcely been identified at landscape scales in Australian contexts. In the present paper we examine the diversity of earthworms in a 26 km² remnant of native vegetation. Comparison of diversity within the Porongurup Range to diversity of other earthworm faunas demonstrates the sampling intensities required to adequately sample regions of 10⁰–10¹ km². In addition diversity patterns were examined in relation to habitat as described by landscape context, vegetation cover and soil characteristics. Species accumulation in samples from the northern aspect of the Porongurup Range was less than expected from a random distribution of species. Combined Karri-, and Marri- and Karri-vegetated sites supported significantly more earthworm species on the southern aspect of the Porongurup Range than expected from accumulation in randomly ordered samples. Sites carrying Jarrah as the only dominant canopy had fewer earthworm species than would be expected from accumulation in randomly ordered samples. Jarrah overstorey sites and southern aspect Karri sites correspond to extremes in a continuum of soil and landscape characteristics. Earthworm responses to landscape and vegetation units in the region warrant further investigation.     

东北黑土漫岗区春耕期土壤水分空间变异及地形影响

土壤水分存在强空间变异特征,在多重尺度上受地形、土壤、土地利用、植被等因素综合影响,是农业生产和耕作的关键要素。为了揭示东北黑土漫岗区春耕期农田土壤水分空间变异特征及分析地形因子对其影响,以赵光农场为研究对象,利用Sentinel-1数据反演的土壤水分和DEM数据,采用半方差函数、集成推进树算法(ABT)等方法分析了春耕期土壤水分的空间变异及地形因子(坡度、坡向、坡位、高程、地形湿度指数)对土壤水分空间异质性的相对影响,并系统分析了土壤水分在不同坡位、坡度和坡向的变化特征。结果表明:研究区2018年4月24日处于春耕时期黑土漫岗区的土壤质量含水量分布在25%～37%; 地块内部变异系数为5.81%,相邻地块间变异系数为4.16%; 针对整个农场尺度土壤水分空间变异的有效变程为3 000 m,地块尺度上有效变程为300 m。土壤水分分布与地形湿度指数呈显著正相关,与坡度、坡向、高程、坡位呈显著负相关; 坡位、坡度、坡向是影响土壤水分空间变异的主控因子,其累计相对解释率超过了70%,其中坡位占36.28%。研究结果有助于了解东北黑土漫岗区春耕期农田土壤水分空间分异规律及影响机制,对黑土漫岗区土壤水分管理、春耕春播期农机科学调度、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。     

Soil carbon pools in tundra and taiga ecosystems of northeastern Europe

The mean pools of soil carbon were determined for the first time for twelve soil groups (according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 2006) on four test plots with the use of the high-resolution (Landsat and QuickBird) satellite imagery, original field data on more than 200 soil profiles, and literature data included in the soil database. Three test plots belonged to the ecotone between tundra and forest-tundra zones, and the fourth plot characterized the middle taiga zone. Spatial distribution patterns of soil carbon in different soil subgroups and genetic horizons were characterized for the areas with the mosaic soil and vegetation covers. The mean soil carbon content for the first three test plots in permafrost area was estimated at 39.5 kg C/m², including 28.7 kg C/m² in the upper soil meter. The mean soil carbon pool of the taiga plot reached 16.7 kg C/m² (0–100 cm).     

The impact of changing olive cultivation practices on the ground flora of olive groves in the Messara and Psiloritis regions,Crete, Greece

This paper examines the impact that different olive cultivation practices have on the nature of the ground flora of olive groves in the region of the Psiloritis massif and Messara Plain in central and southern Crete, Greece. In lower, flatter areas there are areas of both traditional and intensive forms of olive cultivation. In more marginal, upland areas there are traditional terraced olive groves, some of which are being abandoned. The relationship between the vegetation composition of the ground flora and environmental variables was established, by means of TWINSPAN® and ordination analysis, using survey data from nineteen sites across the region. Four vegetation communities are identified: olive with herbaceous taxa; olive with sclerophyllous shrub taxa; and two forms of sclerophyllous shrub communities. Ordination results indicate that environmental variables, such as soil characteristics, slope aspect and slope angle, explain about 60 per cent of the species–environment relationships. The remaining variation in species composition is interpreted to be the result of different cultivation practices. The implications for land degradation are examined, in particular the changes in vegetation diversity of both intensive and semi‐abandoned olive groves, the potential for increased soil erosion, and the risk of fire as a result of increased fuel loading as flammable shrubs invade abandoned terraces. Intensification of olive cultivation in Crete, and across the Mediterranean, has been encouraged by subsidies from the European Union leading to rapid landscape change. Thus there is a need to monitor changes in olive cultivation practices both at the local scale, by means of ground‐based fieldwork, and at landscape and regional scales, by means of remote sensing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating effective soil depth at regional scales: Legacy maps versus environmental covariates

Soil depth reflects the quantity and ecosystem service functions of soil resources. However, there is no universal standard to measure soil depth at present, and digital soil mapping approaches for predicting soil depth at the regional scale remain immature. Using observation of soil profile morphology, we compared the soil depth nomenclatures from the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, Chinese Soil Taxonomy, and Soil Taxonomy. For this study, shallow soils were defined as those with an effective soil depth < 100 cm. Based on legacy data and field soil survey, the spatial distribution of shallow soils in Xinjiang, China, and the main controlling environmental factors were explored. Results showed that shallow soils in Xinjiang are mainly distributed in high altitude regions such as the Tian Mountains. At the regional scale, significant correlations were observed between soil depth and climate factors, as well as between soil depth and vegetation fractional coverage. Contrary to previous conclusions at small spatial scales, terrain attributes could not explain soil depth variation at the regional scale. This study addressed knowledge gaps on soil depth prediction at regional scales while elucidating climate‐vegetation‐soil coevolution.     

Impacts of coal pile leachate on a forested wetland in South Carolina

This study was conducted to: (1) determine the probable cause of several areas of stressed and dead vegetation adjacent to a 15-yr-old reject coal pile in western South Carolina and (2) identify the factors limiting successful revegetation of the site. Data from an earlier study suggested that solution pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), and/or elevated trace element concentrations may have contributed to the stress and dieback. Soil water in the two vegetation kill zones is saline (TDS>10 000 mg L^?1 and EC>4 dS m^?1), highly acidic (soil pH<3.5), and high in Al and Mn (Al conc.>200 mg L^?1 and Mn conc.>10 mg L^?1). Soil water in areas of sparse vegetation is brackish (TDS>1000 mg L^?1 and EC>2 dS m^?1) and acidic (soil pH<4.0), with elevated Al values (> 40.5 mg Al L^?1). Tissue samples were collected from volunteer loblolly pine (Pinns taeda L.) seedlings growing in the study area and analyzed for essential and non-essential elements. Seedling tissues did not contain abnormal concentrations of nutrients or trace elements. The strong relationship between the zones of vegetation stress and dieback and solution pH and soluble salt concentrations, and the lack of excessive metal accumulations by tree seedlings which have become established in the less toxic portions of the study area, suggest that low solution pH and high soluble salts are more important factors limiting plant establishment on this site than solution metal concentrations. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of site hydrology in determining the impacts of coal waste disposal on adjacent ecosystems.     

小流域土壤有机碳密度空间变异特征的尺度效应研究

选择内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗黄花甸子流域为研究对象,运用地统计学和Arc GIS空间分析工具相结合的方法研究流域内土壤有机碳密度的多尺度空间变异特征以及其影响因素。结果表明,土壤有机碳密度的空间变异性具有明显的多尺度效应,随着研究尺度的增大,土壤有机碳密度的块金系数逐级减小,小尺度下土壤有机碳表现为中等程度空间相关性;大、中尺度为强烈空间相关。结构性因素对土壤有机碳的空间变异作用逐渐增强,而同时削弱随机因素对其变异所产生的影响。地形因子与NDVI对土壤有机碳密度均有显著影响,大尺度的研究中,环境因子与有机碳密度的相关性由大到小表现为海拔坡度NDVI坡向;中、小尺度的研究则表现为NDVI海拔坡度坡向。     

A multi-scale approach of runoff generation in a Sahelian gully catchment: a case study in Niger

Runoff production conditions in a small gully catchment are studied at four different scales: the point scale (0.001 m²), the local scale (1 m²), the field scale (of the order of 100 m²) and the catchment scale (0.2 km²). At the point scale, infiltration measurements were conducted using a tension infiltrometer. At the local and the field scale, runoff plots were setup on typical soil surface conditions of the catchment (plateau bare soil, hillslope bare soil and fallow grassland). At the catchment scale, stream discharges were measured at two gauging stations.The overland flow yield is significantly nonuniform in space, due to the high spatial variability of infiltration capacities and the depressional storage of the soil surface. The runoff and the infiltration data collected confirmed the major role played by soil crusting on runoff generation in that part of Sahel. At the point scale, hydraulic conductivity measurements have shown that infiltration and runoff were driven by the hydraulic properties of the crust. At the field scale, microtopography and heterogeneity in the soil surface crusting decreased discharge volumes. The influence of vegetation growth on runoff yield was evident in the case of the fallow sites. Analysis of discharge data at the catchment scale highlights that infiltration through the bottom of the gully between two gauging stations leads to considerable runoff water transmission losses.     

Soil erosion and changes in the physical properties of Lithuanian Eutric Albeluvisols under different land use systems

Abstract

The investigations aimed to: 1) evaluate water erosion rates on undulating slopes in Lithuania under different land use systems; 2) study changes in soil physical properties on the differently eroded slopes; and 3) better understand relationships between soil physical properties and soil erodibility. Research data were obtained on loamy sand and clay loam Eutric Albeluvisols located on the undulating hilly relief of the ?emai?iai Uplands of Western Lithuania. The results of 18 years of water erosion investigations under different land use systems on slopes of varying steepness are presented. Attention is focused on changes in soil physical properties in relation to soil erosion severity. Measured water erosion rates in the field experiments were: 3.2–8.6 m³ ha^?1 yr^?1 under winter rye, 9.0–27.1 m³ ha^?1 yr^?1 under spring barley and 24.2–87.1 m³ ha^?1 yr^?1 under potatoes. Perennial grasses completely prevented water erosion, while erosion-preventive grass-grain crop rotations (67% grasses, 33% cereal grains) decreased soil losses by 75–80% compared to the field crop rotation, containing 17% tillage crops (potatoes), 33% grasses and 50% cereal grains. The grain-grass crop rotation (33% grasses and 67% cereal grains) decreased soil erosion rates by 23–24%. The percentage of clay-silt and clay fractions of arable soil horizons increased, while the total soil porosity and moisture retention capacity decreased with increased soil erosion. Phytocenoses, including sod-forming perennial grasses and grass-grain crop rotations, led to changes in the physical properties of eroded soils; soil bulk density decreased and percentage total porosity and moisture retention capacity increased. The grass-grain crop rotations increased the water-stable soil structure (measured as water-stable soil aggregates) by 11.03 per cent units and sod-forming perennial grasses increased aggregate stability by 9.86 per cent units compared with the grain-grass crop rotation on the 10–14° slope. Therefore, grass-grain crop rotations and sod-forming perennial grasses decreased soil erodibility and thus could assist both erosion control and the ecological stability of the vulnerable hilly-undulating landscape.     

An evaluation of the pesera soil erosion model and its application to a case study in Zakynthos, Greece

Abstract. The Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera ) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha^?1 yr^?1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha^?1 yr^?1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7‐month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over‐riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5% of the watershed area, generated up to 69% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha^?1 yr^?1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha^?1 yr^?1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.     

库布齐沙漠植被恢复对风沙土壤碳通量与碳储量的影响

为阐明库布齐沙漠植被恢复过程中土壤碳通量的时空动态特征及主控因子，明确土壤有机碳含量和储量的变化趋势，本研究以流动沙地、半固定沙地、藻结皮固定沙地和地衣苔藓混合结皮固定沙地为研究对象，运用静态暗箱–气相色谱法对风沙土壤碳通量及水热因子进行观测，并对土壤有机碳含量和密度进行测定和计算。结果表明，生长季内风沙土壤碳通量变异较大，季节动态与土壤温度基本一致，且随植被恢复碳通量呈递增趋势：混合结皮固定沙地(210.28 mg/(m~2·h))>藻结皮固定沙地(177.45 mg/(m~2·h))>半固定沙地(117.34 mg/(m~2·h))>流动沙地(65.61mg/(m~2·h))；土壤碳通量与各层土壤温度均显著正相关，除流动沙地土壤碳通量与深层土壤含水量显著负相关外，其余样地碳通量均与表层土壤含水量显著负相关；风沙土壤有机碳含量和密度随植被恢复而递增：混合结皮固定沙地(1.32 g/kg,0.94 kg/m~2)>藻结皮固定沙地(1.03 g/kg,0.74 kg/m~2)>半固定沙地(0.45 g/kg,0.36 kg/m~2)>流动沙地(0.27...     

Spatial variability of infiltration patterns related to site characteristics in a semi-arid watershed

Preferential flow may strongly affect hydrology at different scales. Measurement of preferential flow however remains very difficult. Tracer-infiltration profiles are often used to measure the degree of preferential flow at plot scale. These experiments are time-consuming, costly and destructive. As a result existing dye-tracer studies are often based on a limited number of profiles. The aim of this study is therefore to select a limited number of soil and landscape characteristics with high predictive value for the degree of preferential flow. 18 rainfall simulations with a dye-tracer and additional site measurements such as soil type, vegetation type and soil physical parameters were performed in a 1 km² catchment in the Dehesa (Extremadura, Spain). A stepwise multiple regression procedure was used to select variables with a high predictive value for the degree of preferential flow.     

黄土丘陵区不同植被群落土壤水分研究

在自然条件最为严酷的黄土高原半干旱丘陵沟壑区,土壤水分是植物生长的主要限制因子,而环境因子对土壤水分的影响是一个综合作用的过程,不同的地理区域其相关的影响差异较大,但就其某一具体地区而言存在着重点尺度和主控因子。对黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域乔、灌、草植被群落的土壤水分进行了分析研究,结果表明:坡位、坡向、海拔是影响该区域土壤水分含量的主控因子;而植被群落也会影响到土壤水分含量的变化,但不能确定其为主控因子,并且可以说明林龄不是影响该区水分含量的因素。     

合肥市建筑小区雨水利用设计方法

[目的]探讨建筑小区雨水利用设计方法,为建筑小区雨水利用设计提供理论参考。[方法]以安徽省合肥市滨湖假日F-3居住小区为例,根据小区雨水设计目标,计算小区所需雨水利用强度;结合小区具体条件、各种雨水利用设施雨水利用强度与基本规模、成本与效益,确定小区雨水利用设施组成。[结果]提出了小区雨水利用设计方法,解决了雨水利用设计中规模与组成这2个关键问题。滨湖假日F-3居住小区雨水利用设施:景观水体1 742.1m3,储水池1 500m3,下凹式绿地12 200.5m2,透水铺装10 672m2,能满足雨水径流总量控制率为85%,重现期2a对外排流量径流系数的要求。[结论]建筑小区雨水利用设计应以外排径流系数为主要目标,结合小区具体条件,兼顾雨水利用的经济、环境与社会效益,并满足相关规定,合理确定雨水利用设施规模及构成。