不同地势对大豆重迎茬障碍的影响

大豆重迎茬障碍研究已开展多年,但同一土壤类型不同地势对大豆重迎茬障碍的影响程度尚不十分清楚,为了探讨这一问题,选择丘陵区（岗地）、平原区（平地）和低湿区（洼地）进行大豆正茬、迎茬和重茬试验,在大豆生育期调查生长发育和产量。结果显示：低湿区和平原区3种茬口大豆出苗率、株高、根瘤鲜重、植株干重和面积指数均明显高于丘陵区,低湿区大豆生育后期植株干重和面积指数稍高于平原区,3种地势大豆各项生育指标均表现为正茬〉迎茬〉重茬。总体上低湿区产量最高,其次是平原区,丘陵区产量最低,并且低湿区重迎茬减产幅度较小,丘陵区减产幅度最大。所以,干旱年份丘陵区大豆重迎茬障碍大于平原区大于低湿区。     

黑龙江省黑土区不同茬口对大豆生育及产量和品质影响的研究

在东北黑土区（１９９１年￣１９９４年）设置大豆不同轮作方式定位试验。结果表明重茬三年较正茬大豆减产３５．３５％，迎茬较正茬减少５．４９％；重茬和迎茬大豆生育期间干物质积累均低于正茬；重茬大豆叶面积指数较正茬降低，迎茬较正茬变化不大。重茬大豆与正茬大豆相比蛋白质含量有降低趋势。     

农艺措施对重迎茬大豆生育及产量影响的研究

１９９４－１９９６年黑龙江省不同生态区大豆联合试验结果表明，不同生态区采取缓解的各项农艺措施均可（１）减少量、迎茬大豆的产量损失，使重茬产量损失较正茬 １０％以内，迎茬产量接近正茬产量；（２）对重、迎茬大豆株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累均志到促进作用；（３）可减轻重迎茬大豆根部病虫害。     

大豆重迎茬减产的原因及农艺对策研究Ⅴ.重迎茬大豆的水分问题

通过连续8年在全省5个生态区9个9区固定轮作场圃综合试验,试验区专项研究,框区、盆栽试验,实验室分析,以及大量的大面积生产调查,发现大豆重迎茬种植,土壤水分有一些不利的变化,但其程度低于重茬玉米、重茬小麦,某些时期重茬大豆耕层土壤的水分含量还会高于正茬轮作.这说明土壤水分没有明显恶化,不是造成大豆重迎茬减产的一个重要原因.     

大豆重迎茬减产的原因及农艺对策研究V．重迎茬大豆的水分问题

通过连续8年在全省5个生态区9个9区固定轮作场圃综合试验，试验区专项研究，框区、盆栽试验，实验室分析，以及大量的大面积生产调查，发现大豆重迎茬种植，土壤水分有一些不利的变化，但其程度低于重茬玉米、重茬小麦，某些时期重茬大豆耕层土壤的水分含量还会高于正茬轮作。这说明土壤水分没有明显恶化，不是造成大豆重迎茬减产的一个重要原因。     

重迎茬对大豆产量与品质影响的研究

本研究采取在五个生态区设置９圃固定轮作区与相应生态区生产地块调查相结合的方法,研究大豆迎茬,重茬一年、二年、三年对大豆生育,叶面积指数、干物质积累,构成产量因子及产量与品质的影响,三年研究结果表明,重、迎茬大豆均较正茬大豆减产,减产幅度随重,迎茬年限增加而加剧,以迎茬减产最少的６．１％,重茬一、二、三年分别减产９．９％,１３．８％和１９％。不同生态区减产程度不同,重迎茬对大豆生育,干物质积累及构成     

重迎茬对大豆产量影响及机理的研究

1　大豆重迎茬对产量与品质的影响通过在黑龙江省北部高寒区 ,东部低湿区 ,西部风沙干旱区 ,西南部盐碱土区和中南部黑土区五个生态区 8个试验点 ,设 9个固定轮作区和相应生态区的 8个县生产相结合的方法 ,研究迎茬和不同重茬年限对大豆产量、品质的影响 ,研究表明 ,重迎茬大豆均较正茬减产 ,重茬减产 6 1% ,重茬一年、二年、三年分别减产 9 9%、13 8%、19%。不同生态区减产幅度不同 ,以北部高寒区和东部低湿区减产幅度小 ,西南部盐碱土区减产幅度大。重迎茬对大豆品质的影响主要表现商品品质下降 ,百粒重降低 ,病虫粒率增加。短期重迎茬对…     

重迎茬大豆根腐病的发生与防治

重迎茬大豆根腐病的发生与防治文景芝，张明厚（东北农业大学植保系·哈尔滨，１５００３８）刘刚（黑龙江省汤原县植保站）对黑龙江省汤原、建三江、东宁、安达、黑河、北安、密山等９个县（农场）大豆正茬、迎茬、重一年、重二年、重三年、重五年、重六年根腐病发生情况...     

减缓重迎茬大豆减产的技术措施

饶河县位于三江平原东部完达山脉的西部。土壤大部份为白浆土,占全县耕地总面积的90%。大豆种植面积大,重迎茬重,每年全县有60%的豆田是重迎茬,平均亩产只有90公斤左右。通过多年的试验、示范和推广,从中摸索出缓解大豆重迎茬减产的农艺措施。一、大豆重迎茬栽培与产量的关系1　对产量因子的影响试验结果表明,大豆重迎茬栽培株高降低56～202厘米,单株荚数减少20～48个,单株粒数减少76～97个,百粒重下降05～29克,虫食率增加06%～22%,灰斑病粒率增加8%～13%。2对产量的影响我们在大佳河乡、大通河乡、芦源乡及西丰镇试验表明,重茬较正茬分别减…     

大豆重迎茬减产的原因及农艺对策研究Ⅲ.重迎茬大豆的土壤养分与养分吸收

通过连续8年在黑龙江省6个生态区9个9区固定轮作场圃综合试验，试验区专项研究，框区，盆栽试验，实验室分析，以及大量的大面积生产调查，发现大豆重迎茬种植，根部病虫危害加剧，在影响重迎茬大豆生长发育，产量品质的诸多因素中，所起的作用最大，杀灭土壤中的病菌和害虫，重迎茬大豆的产量不比正茬低。在减缓重迎茬损失的各种调控措施中，以杀灭土壤中病，虫为主要目标的土壤处理剂和种衣剂效果最好。这一切都说明根际土壤病虫害加剧是大豆重迎茬减产的主要原因。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。