美国警方如何挑选警用犬?

美国当地犬繁育者繁育出的犬中大部分都成为宠物犬、展览犬,只有少数的犬能够被警方选中,经严格审核后才能训练成为警犬。挑选警犬的重要指标是该犬的工作性能。工作性能是指一头工作犬应该具备例如竞技犬、军犬、警犬、保安犬、搜索犬和侦缉犬必需的特殊天赋条件。当然在宠物犬、展览犬和其它非工作犬中也有较少的犬经过训练能够成为警犬,而在警用后备犬中也有少数犬训练后不能成为警犬。     

犬细小病毒性肠炎诊疗

犬细小病毒性肠炎是一种由犬细小病毒引起的烈性传染病,患犬以呕吐、腹泻、排血便、脱水为发病特征。本病各年龄犬均能感染,幼犬发病率、死亡率较高,哺乳犬和成年犬发病率较低。犬细小病毒是危害养犬业的重大疫病之一。     

不同阶段犬的饲养与管理

简要介绍了仔犬、幼犬、妊娠母犬、哺乳期母犬、种公犬和老龄犬6种处于不同生长阶段犬的饲养与管理方法．使养犬者系统地了解和掌握不同阶段犬的饲养管理方法,以保证犬的健康,提高效益。     

说说犬展那些事

犬展不但是专业养犬、训犬人士的最爱,也是一般养犬爱好者喜爱的活动。那么,犬展是什么?犬展比什么?什么人带犬参赛居多?本文将和您说说犬展那些事。犬展是什么?当人们聚集在一起利用犬进行狩猎活动,夸赞起自己的犬如何的美丽、强壮,寻找到的猎物多的时候,犬与犬之间的竞争就开始了。在这样的前提下,举行犬展,就是一种展示和检验。     

群犬训练的组织与管理

一、群犬训练的特点(一)群犬训练过程中,人与人、人与犬、犬与犬之间相互干扰较大。由于受训练场地限制,随着犬数量的增加,每头犬活动的范围将会缩小,相互间干扰增大。     

规范市民养犬行为遛犬请带犬类“身份证”

虽然人们持证养犬的意识有所提高,但仍然存在不拴狗绳遛犬、散放遛犬和携带大型犬出户等违法行为。近期,随着高温天气的到来,违规养犬、散放遛犬、携带大型犬出户等违法养犬行为日渐增多,犬只扰民甚至咬人伤人等现象也大幅增长。杭州市城管执法局“提醒广大犬主,今后外出遛犬必须随身携带养犬许可证原件,不要忘记为爱犬套上犬牌。同时应规范养犬行为,养狗的人要自律,做到不扰民、不影响他人。     

犬常见病毒性传染病的诊断及治疗

犬的传染病有病毒性、细菌性和真菌性三大类,但最常见且危害最大的是病毒性传染病,包括犬瘟热、犬细小病毒性肠炎、犬冠状病毒性肠炎、犬传染性肝炎、犬传染性喉气管炎和狂犬病,其中以犬瘟热、犬细小病毒、犬传染性肝炎、犬冠状病毒,发病率及死亡率最高,治疗有一定难度,直接影响养犬业的发展。下面将对犬常见几种病毒性传染病的诊断要点及治疗方法做一介绍。     

应用巨型犬采精给本地犬人工授精的技术及效果

<正>目前,肉用犬在我国的饲养越来越普遍,所用公犬大多数为体型较大的圣伯纳犬、藏獒、高加索犬等品种。由于公母犬之间体型差异太大,以及犬择偶性较强,影响了肉用犬的繁殖。为了提高肉用犬的受胎率和繁殖率,笔者进行了36例犬的人工授精试验,     

犬腹泻伴有黏膜出血、粪便染血的疾病的鉴别与诊断

犬腹泻伴有黏膜出血、粪便染血的疾病常见于犬传染性肝炎、犬细小病毒病、犬瘟热、犬冠状病毒病、犬钩端螺旋体病、犬埃利希氏体病、犬沙门氏菌病等,应注意这些疾病之间的区别。其中患某些疾病时,犬表现为粪稀如水,血液与粪均匀混合,如同血水样或番茄汤样粪。     

犬耳部矫形手术

犬耳的矫形术适用于生理性和病理性两种情况,生理性的犬耳矫形手术主要是针对特定犬种,如大丹犬、杜宾犬、高加索犬、纽波利顿犬、波士顿犬、贵妇犬、拳师犬、德国牧羊犬、雪纳瑞、斗牛犬等,为了预防生长后期耳部疾病或机械性损伤,或是由人们的审美标准或特定的需求而进行的犬耳塑性。病理情况下,对犬的耳部即发性的疾病,如血肿、撕咬伤、慢性过度增生性或溃疡性外耳炎、肿瘤等,须通过耳部外科手术方法才能解决的情况。本文将就生理性和病理性耳部矫形两个方面论述犬耳的矫形方法。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …