不同松茸菌株菌丝生长比较研究

比较了4个来源不同的松茸菌株和1个傻松茸菌株菌丝生长情况。研究结果表明：各菌株在菌丝生长速度、菌丝干重和和菌落形态都表现出一定的差异性。     

香菇单核菌株菌丝生长特性分析

为研究不同品种香菇(Lentinus edodes)单核菌株菌丝生长的差异性,选取13个香菇品种,采用单孢分离法获得其单核菌株。培养并统计其菌丝生长速率、菌落长势评分、菌落形态类型等指标的分布频率及低温保藏对单核菌株菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,不同品种的单核菌株菌丝生长速率差异显著且分布状况不同,其中,0912单核菌株的菌丝生长速率最快为2.02 mm·d-1,L-02单核菌株的菌丝生长速率最慢为0.77 mm·d-1;不同香菇品种的菌落类型分布频率差异很大,菌落长势评分分布符合正态分布;长时间低温保藏可导致单核菌株菌丝萌动期延长,菌丝生长速率下降;同一品种内的单核菌株菌丝生长特性差异显著。     

高效利用玉米秸秆的平菇菌株的快速筛选

以18株不同品种的平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)品种为供试菌株,通过以玉米秸秆为唯一碳源对其菌落颜色、菌落长势、菌丝生长速度、菌丝生长指数进行比较,并采用平板显色法对其木质素降解能力进行评价,筛选适宜玉米秸秆栽培的优良菌株.结果表明,10号菌种3302菌丝生长较好,菌丝致密、洁白、均匀、边缘整齐,生长速...     

香菇菌丝太空诱变效应研究：Ⅰ.太空环境对香菇菌丝生长特性的影响

香菇(Lentinula edodes)航天搭载菌株Cr-04-DZ、H_7-DZ分别与对照菌株Cr-04、H_7之间形成不明显的拮抗线。Cr-04-DZ的气生菌丝较Cr-04发达,而H_7-DZ菌株的情形则相反。搭载菌株25℃下菌落生长速度显著大于对照菌株。在以蔗糖、麦芽糖和葡萄糖为碳源的培养基上,Cr-04-DZ菌落生长速度大于Cr-04;H_7-DZ在5种供试碳源培养基上菌落生长速度均显著大于H_7。在以尿素和氯化铵为氮源的培养基上,H_7-DZ菌落生长速度明显大于H_7。但在7种供试氮源培养基上,Cr-04-DZ与Cr-04菌落生长速度没有显著差异。     

灰树花工厂化瓶栽菌株筛选试验

为获得适宜工厂化瓶栽的灰树花潜力菌株,试验观察比较8个灰树花菌株的菌落形态、菌丝生长速度,单产、出菇率、栽培周期等农艺性状。结果表明,灰树花菌株GF-1和GF-6菌丝生长浓密,生长速度适中,单瓶均产分别为94.56 g、90.96 g,出菇率高,污染率低,栽培周期短,子实体紧凑,品质优良,是适合工厂化瓶栽的优势灰树花菌株。     

酒红球盖菇菌丝生长对不同培养基的响应

以酒红球盖菇R-4菌株为试材,采用微生物平板培养法,研究了12种氮源和8种碳源对酒红球盖菇生长的影响,以期为酒红球盖菇培养提供参考依据.结果 表明:酒红球盖菇菌丝生长对氮源和碳源的选择差异不显著(P＞0.05),均能利用试验所选的12种氮源和8种碳源,当酵母膏作为氮源和葡萄糖作为碳源时酒红球盖菇的菌落长势较优,菌丝生长速度较快.葡萄糖当作最优碳源时酒红球盖菇菌落生长速率、菌落直径、生长速度、菌丝生长指数分别是9.75 mm· d-1、50.22mm、1.41 mm· d-1和46.73,酵母膏当作最优氮源时酒红球盖菇菌落生长速率、菌落直径、生长速度、菌丝生长指数分别是14.12mm·d-1、52.54mm、2.10 mm·d-1和43.56,由此得出,酒红球盖菇生长的最优碳源是葡萄糖,最优氮源是酵母膏.     

蛹虫草菌株无性世代的生物学特性比较

4个不同的蛹虫草菌株在PDA和四种合成培养基上生长,结果显示,在PDA培养基上菌丝的生长势最好,4个菌株在PDA培养基上的生长速度以及产色素状况有显著差异.根据蛹虫草的菌落形态和凹面玻片培养法观察到的菌丝形态、产抱特点,初步得到确认无性世代的依据.     

不同碳源对7个白灵菇品种菌丝生长的影响

以7个不同来源白灵菇(Pleurotus eryngii var.tuoliensis)品种为供试菌株,通过对其菌落直径、菌丝颜色、菌丝生长速度及液体菌种摇瓶发酵菌丝产量进行比较,探讨6种碳源对白灵菇菌丝生长的影响。研究结果表明,白灵菇有较广的碳源谱。从菌丝生长速度来看,7个白灵菇菌株总体以麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇、蔗糖为碳源时菌丝生长最快,对葡萄糖和乳糖利用较差;引入生长指数进行分析,葡萄糖、麦芽糖是白灵菇菌丝生长的最佳碳源,其次是甘露醇和可溶性淀粉,对蔗糖和乳糖利用最差。从菌丝生物量看,以甘露醇和可溶性淀粉为碳源时发酵液中获得的菌丝干重最大,其次是蔗糖和麦芽糖,葡萄糖和乳糖最低。     

玉米芯对平菇菌丝体生长和胞外纤维素酶活性的影响研究

为了探讨玉米芯对不同平菇菌丝体生长和胞外纤维素酶的影响,筛选出适合于玉米芯栽培的高产纤维素酶的平菇菌株。以18种平菇菌株为供试材料,以纯玉米芯为唯一碳源,采用平板法、刚果红杯碟快速筛选法,以不同平菇菌株在培养基上的菌落长势、菌丝生长速率、菌落直径、菌丝生长指数、变色圈直径、酶指数为指标,研究玉米芯对不同平菇菌株生长和胞外纤维素酶的影响。结果表明,在以纯玉米芯为唯一碳源的培养基上,平菇菌株菌丝均可生长,但菌丝生长曲线差异显著,3302长势最好,菌丝生长速率和菌丝生长指数分别为11.28mm·d^-1和56.39,变色圈最大,直径为41.67 mm。18个平菇菌株中,最适于玉米芯栽培的平菇菌株为3302。     

野生香菇菌株筛选试验

将采集的45个野生香菇菌株、10个对照香菇菌株进行PDA平板培养,观测菌丝生长速度、菌丝长势、菌丝被膜及菌落色素;55个菌株经平板拮抗试验结果表明55个菌株间均存在拮抗反应,说明这55个香菇菌株可能为55个不同的香菇品种。45个野生香菇菌株经人工驯化栽培,均可正常出菇,其中L-44和L-23产量最高,分别达到637.66 g/袋和632.50 g/袋,出菇期集中,可作为高产或工厂化菌株育种目标菌株开展进一步驯化栽培研究。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.