不同灌溉条件对刺槐生长量及各项生理指标的影响

在小管出流与大水漫灌等不同灌溉方式下,研究刺槐的相对含水量(RWC),水分饱和亏缺(RWD)、光响应曲线、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、单叶水分利用效率(WUE)等指标的变化。结果表明,小管出流灌溉条件下,刺槐叶片净光合速率Pn值、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、生长量均大于漫灌下刺槐;但是,单叶水分利用率与叶片胞间CO2浓度在这2两种灌溉条件下差异较小。     

光叶子花光合特性研究

利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定系统研究了光叶子花叶片气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)对光照强度(PFD)增强和CO2浓度升高的响应及其日变化,结果表明,在不同光照强度下,光叶子花叶片Gs、Pn和WUE随PFD的增强而增大,当达到最大值后又随PFD的增强而逐渐减小,且分别在PFD为2 000、1 500、300μmol.m-2.s-1时达到各自的最大值,而Tr随PFD的增强一直呈增大趋势;在不同CO2浓度下,光叶子花叶片Gs和Tr均随CO2浓度升高而逐渐降低,相反Pn和WUE却随CO2浓度的升高而呈明显的增加趋势;光叶子花叶片Gs、Pn和Tr的日变化均随时间的增加而增大,并在13:00时达到最大值,之后又随时间的增加而逐渐减小,且Gs、Pn和Tr的日变化均呈单峰型,而WUE随时间的增加未表现出明显的日变化规律。     

5个苦楝无性系光合特性的初步研究

为深入了解苦楝无性系光合生理特性,比较不同无性系叶片光合参数的差异。本文以5个苦楝优良无性系为参试对象,用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪测定叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci),并进行分析比较。结果表明:参试苦楝无性系胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和生理水分利用率(WUE)存在极显著差异;叶片净光合速率(Pn)和叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)存在显著差异;气孔导度(Gs)差异不显著。苏楝J104、苏楝J7和苏楝J61净光合速率(Pn)较大,其中苏楝J61生理水分利用率(WUE)较高。     

干旱对南五味子和海南红豆幼苗气体交换参数的影响

对海南红豆和南五味子的1年生实生苗在不同强度干旱胁迫下的叶片气体交换参数进行研究。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加强,南五味子和海南红豆的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片水分利用率(WUE)不断下降,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)为先下降后上升,气孔限制值(Ls)呈现先上升后下降;重度胁迫时海南红豆的Pn、Gs、Tr和WUE均比南五味子大,说明前者对干旱有更强的适应性。     

不同女贞品种叶片生长性状及生理指标比较

通过盆栽试验,对金禾女贞、女贞、金森女贞和高森女贞2年生苗叶片的生长性状及生理指标进行比较,结果表明:不同女贞品种叶长、叶宽、单株叶片数和单株叶面积存在极显著差异;叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、叶绿素相对浓度等生理指标存在显著差异;叶片中的可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量差异不显著。叶绿素浓度与光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)存在显著的正相关关系,GS与Pn、Fv/Fm、Tr存在显著的正相关关系。考虑单株叶面积、净光合速率和Fv/Fm等生长和生理指标,4个女贞品种中,金森女贞表现最优,女贞和高森女贞表现中等,金禾女贞表现最差。研究结果为了解女贞生长表现提供帮助。     

大气污染对3种行道树光合与生理生化的影响

枫杨、悬铃木和女贞在大气污染的环境下其叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率、叶绿素总量和可溶性糖含量均比清洁区有所降低,而叶面水气压亏缺、叶片的质膜透性、叶绿素a/b、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛与清洁区相比呈上升趋势.采用隶属函数法对3种树的抗污染性进行评价,其结果为:女贞的抗污染能力最强,其次是悬铃木,枫杨最弱.     

小林窗对人工更新紫椴苗木生长和叶片性状的影响

【目的】研究小林窗对人工更新紫椴苗木生长、存活以及叶片形态、气体交换参数（净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度）、叶绿素和碳氮含量的影响,为紫椴苗木在小林窗及其林冠下人工更新提供理论依据。【方法】以黑龙江省尚志市小九林场2年生紫椴人工更新苗木为研究对象,对小林窗（G1,> 30 m2;G2,20～30 m2;G3,<20 m2）及林冠（CK）内紫椴苗木的树高、地径、存活率以及叶片的形态、气体交换参数、叶绿素和碳氮含量进行测定。【结果】紫椴苗木树高和存活率在G1和G2下高于G3和CK,且树高和存活率与光照强度呈极显著正相关关系;紫椴苗木叶片面积、比叶面积和叶片氮含量随林窗面积的减小而显著增加（P <0.05）,比叶面积和叶片氮含量与光照强度呈极显著负相关关系;紫椴苗木净光合速率（Pn）在G1和G2下显著高于G3和CK(P <0.05),且Pn与光照强度呈极显著正相关关系;紫椴苗木蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和叶绿素a/叶绿素b(Chla/b)随林窗面积的减小显著降低（P <0.05）,而胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和总叶绿素（Chlt）显著增加（P...     

河西走廊干旱荒漠区9个梨品种光合特性的比较研究

对河西走廊干旱荒漠区栽植的梨品种进行光合特性的比较,以期为当地梨的选育和引种提供参考。以9个梨品种为材料,测定其光合参数并进行相关性分析。结果表明,(1)9个梨品种的光合指标存在差异性,‘南果’的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)最大;‘软儿’的净光合速率(Pn)和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)最小,‘尕吊蛋’的水分利用效率(WUE)和蒸气压亏缺(VPD)最大、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)最小;‘皇冠’的气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)最大、水分利用效率(WUE)和蒸气压亏缺(VPD)最小。(2)净光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs)呈显著正相关(P0.05),与胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与蒸气压亏缺(VPD)呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。(3)综合比较,‘南果’‘皇冠’和‘绿早酥’的光合能力较强,但耗水量大,耐旱性弱;‘软儿’‘尕吊蛋’‘香梨’‘茄梨’的光合能力一般,但耗水量少,具有一定的抗旱性。     

石墨烯对西梅苗木生长影响的作用机理初探

对西梅苗木添加了不同浓度石墨烯溶胶处理后,测定西梅苗木的叶片胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、水蒸气压亏缺、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率以及苗木的根长、根重、茎长、茎重、茎直径等指标.试验结果显示,随着石墨烯浓度的升高,西梅苗木的光合作用参数胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,蒸腾速率先升高后变...     

油茶不同叶龄叶片形态与光合参数的测定

为了探讨油茶叶片形态特征、光合特性与叶龄的相关性,从而为油茶的生产经营提供理论参考,利用CI-203叶面积分析仪和LI-6400便携式光合仪测定了油茶新梢不同叶龄叶片的形态特征和光合参数。结果表明:油茶叶面积和叶片鲜质量,从第1到第3位叶逐渐变大,又从第3到第7位叶逐渐减小;叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率均随着叶龄的增大而增大;叶龄与蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈极显著正相关,而与胞间CO2浓度呈极显著负相关;叶片比叶面积与胞间CO2浓度间呈极显著正相关,而与净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度间均呈极显著负相关;叶片干物质含量比值与其净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率间均呈极显著负相关;叶片生长20 d,叶面积等形态特征基本发育完全,经过60 d的生长后,基本成为主要功能叶。     

脱毒骏枣幼树叶片叶绿素含量和光合日变化的研究

比较分析了脱毒骏枣幼树与普通骏枣幼树叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等光合生理指标的日变化。结果表明:脱毒骏枣树叶绿素a与普通骏枣树相比,存在显著差异;脱毒骏枣树与普通骏枣树的光合日变化趋势基本一致,脱毒骏枣树的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度总体水平高于普通骏枣树,且在上午光合有效时间内脱毒骏枣树的光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度与普通骏枣树呈极显著差异,蒸腾速率呈显著差异。     

Changes in photosynthesis and water status of developing leaves of Brachystegia spiciformis Benth

Changes in net carbon assimilation and water status were studied during leaf development in the deciduous, tropical species Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. In this upland savanna African tree, bud-burst and leaf development occur approximately two months before the rainy season. The newly formed leaves synthesize anthocyanin until the fully expanded leaves of the whole canopy are red. This foliage is referred to as "spring flush" foliage. Subsequently, the anthocyanins are metabolized and the pre-rain leaves become green. Carbon dioxide assimilation exhibited a bimodal diurnal pattern and was similar for pre-rain green leaves and fully expanded flushing leaves, although pre-rain green leaves showed a net uptake of carbon throughout the daylight period, whereas flushing leaves exhibited only brief periods of net photosynthesis in the morning and early afternoon. Measurements of leaf water potential and relative water content showed a diurnal pattern with considerable variation throughout the day. Leaf water potential and relative water content values decreased soon after sunrise reaching a minimum at a time corresponding to the afternoon peak in CO(2) assimilation. Stomatal conductance was closely related to transpiration rate in both flushing and pre-rain green leaves, although flushing leaves had lower stomatal conductances than pre-rain green leaves. Pre-rain green leaves exhibited a compensation irradiance of approximately 180 micro mol m(-2) s(-1), whereas flushing leaves had positive net photosynthesis only at PPFDs greater than 300 micro mol m(-2) s(-1). Rate of photosynthesis (expressed per leaf area or chlorophyll unit) increased as anthocyanin concentration decreased, although the photosynthetic rate continued to increase long after the leaf anthocyanins had been degraded to low, visually undetectable amounts. Post-rain green leaves had chlorophyll concentrations, transpiration rates and stomatal conductances similar to those of pre-rain green leaves; however, photosynthetic rates in post-rain leaves were more than three times higher. Thus, during the early stages of the spring flush, carbon asimilation rates of the flushing leaves were inversely related to leaf anthocyanin concentrations. In pre-rain green leaves, photosynthesis was limited by other non-stomatal factors.     

夜间照明对紫丁香光合作用的影响

利用CI-320便携式光合测定仪于白天10:30～12:00、夜间20:30～21:50测定试验组(16 h光照)和对照组(12 h光照)叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度,并用图像扫描法测定叶面积,结果表明:在夜间灯光照射下,紫丁香夜间光合速率平均值为2.835 6 umol.m-2.s-1,胞间CO2浓度显著减少。同时,在白天,实验组叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著高于对照组,胞间CO2浓度与对照组无显著差异。夜间照明并未引起叶面积产生显著变化。     

桉树等速生树种光合速率测定分析

在晴天适宜条件下,对邓恩桉Eucalyptus dunnii Maid、樟树Cinnamomum camphora、洋玉兰Magnolia grandiflora等速生树种采用LI-6400 p便携式光合测定系统测定其叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等的日变化.结果表明:邓恩桉、樟树和洋玉兰三者的光合作用日变化均呈双峰型,都存在光合午休现象,邓恩桉与樟树的光合速率高于洋玉兰,且邓恩桉和樟树能充分的利用午后丰富的光热资源,光合午休持续的时间比洋玉兰短.邓恩桉、樟树与洋玉兰3个树种的蒸腾速率日变化基本相似,均呈双峰型,但邓恩桉的蒸腾速率比樟树和洋玉兰的蒸腾速率大.3个树种的蒸腾速率与光合速率间均存在相同的变化趋势.蒸腾速率在很大程度上决定于气孔导度,3个树种的气孔导度与各自的光合速率日变化趋势都有很强的正相关关系.     

4个兔眼蓝莓品种光合特性对季节变化的响应

为给兔眼蓝莓品种筛选提供参考,选取‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’、‘灿烂’、‘芭尔德温’4个品种作为研究对象,在不同季节对其光合指标和叶绿素含量进行研究。结果表明:‘芭尔德温’叶片中叶绿素含量最高,‘梯芙蓝’最低。4个兔眼蓝莓品种的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率在5—7月较高,11月最低;胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率在11月最高,5—7月较低。‘芭尔德温’的平均净光合速率最高,‘灿烂’最低;‘灿烂’的平均气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度最大;‘粉蓝’和‘芭尔德温’的平均蒸腾速率低于‘梯芙蓝’和‘灿烂’;‘粉蓝’的平均水分利用效率最高,其次是‘芭尔德温’,‘梯芙蓝’最低。4个品种的净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率显著负相关;光合有效辐射、大气温度与净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率显著负相关。综上,4个品种光合特性差异显著,在不同季节其规律性特征不一致。‘芭尔德温’的净光合速率受季节影响较小,且有较大生长量;‘粉蓝’和‘芭尔德温’具有较好的节水性和耐旱性,并且在同化作用下积累干物质能力比‘梯芙蓝’和‘灿烂’强;兔眼蓝莓在5—7月具有较强的光合性能,光合有效辐射和大气温度是影响兔眼蓝莓光合作用的主要生态因子。     

Parameterization and testing of a biochemically based photosynthesis model for walnut (Juglans regia) trees and seedlings

The biochemically based leaf photosynthesis model proposed by Farquhar et al. (1980) and the stomatal conductance model proposed by Jarvis (1976) were parameterized for walnut. Responses of photosynthesis to CO(2) and irradiance were used to determine the key parameters of the photosynthesis model. Concurrently, stomatal conductance responses to leaf irradiance (Q), leaf temperature (T(l)), water vapor pressure deficit at the leaf surface (D), and air CO(2) concentration at the leaf surface (C(s)) were used to parameterize the stomatal conductance model. To test the generality of the model parameters, measurements were made on leaves from a 20-year-old tree growing in the field, and from sunlit and shaded greenhouse-grown seedlings. The three key parameters of the photosynthesis model (maximum carboxylation rate V(cmax), electron transport capacity J(max), and dark respiration rate R(d)) and the key parameter of the conductance model (reference stomatal conductance, g(sref)) were linearly correlated with the amount of leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area. Unique relationships could be used to describe nitrogen effects on these parameters for leaves from both the tree and the seedlings. Our data allowed separation of the effects of increasing total photosynthetic apparatus per unit leaf area from the effects of partitioning nitrogen among different pools of this apparatus for foliage acclimation to leaf irradiance. Strong correlations were found between stomatal conductance g(s) and Q, D and C(s), whereas the relationship between g(s) and T(l) was weak. Based on these parameterizations, the model adequately predicted leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance when tested with an independent set of data obtained for the tree and seedlings. Total light-driven electron flows derived from chlorophyll fluorescence data obtained at different leaf temperatures were consistent with values computed by the model. The model was also tested with branch bag data acquired from a three-year-old potted walnut tree. Despite a relatively large variance between observed and simulated values, the model predicted stomatal conductance and photosynthesis reasonably well at the branch scale. The results indicate that the photosynthesis-conductance model developed here is robust and can be applied to walnut trees and seedlings under various environmental conditions where water is non-limiting.     

干旱胁迫对真桦光合特性及渗透调节物质含量的影响

以真桦盆栽幼苗为试材,研究干旱胁迫对真桦叶片光合作用和渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫使真桦幼苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著降低,降低幅度随胁迫程度的加剧而加大。胁迫初期,轻度和中度干旱胁迫组真桦幼苗净光合速率降低的同时气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度同时降低,光合速率降低的主要原因是气孔因素;胁迫中期和后期,各干旱处理组光合速率降低的同时胞间CO2浓度均显著升高,非气孔限制是净光合速率降低的主要原因。真桦在干旱胁迫过程中,可溶性蛋白变化不显著,可溶性糖含量增加,为主要的渗透调节物质。     

金森女贞光合生理特性的研究

研究了金森女贞光合生理日变化及其光补偿点和饱和点.结果表明:金森女贞的单日净光合速率(Pn)呈双峰曲线,出现"午休"现象,造成Pn下降的主要原因是非气孔因素.蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)的变化趋势与Pn相似,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)与之相反.Pn与Ci和PAR的相关性达到极显著水平,Tr与PAR、RH和VPD均达到极显著水平.金森女贞的光补偿点(LCP)为16.67 μmol/(m2·s),饱和点(ISP)约为1 000 μmol/(m2·s),属于阳性植物.