十种杀虫剂对水稻二化螟的防效比较

南漳县地处鄂西北,是典型的纯中稻区。二化螟是该县水稻上主要害虫,常年损失稻谷500万kg以上。长期以来,群众采用价格低廉杀虫双类农药防治二化螟,导致该虫对此类药剂产生了抗药性。近年来,冬闲谷板田、绿肥田增多,暖冬现象又频繁发生,二化螟冬后基数居高不下,危害也逐年加重。加之,该地冬闲——水稻、油菜——水稻、小麦——水稻种植模式并存,秧苗移栽时间早晚不一,在防治中往往出现没到卵孵盛期已经防治,到了卵孵盛期又因夏收大忙没精力防治的局面,从而导致防治失控现象时有发生。     

几种杀虫剂防治水稻二化螟田间药效试验

二化螟 Chilo suppressalis( Walker) ,俗称钻心虫 ,是南方稻区水稻上的重要害虫之一。受种植业结构调整和气候变化等因素影响 ,近年来 ,二化螟发生加重 ,在 1 999～ 2 0 0 1年上高县早稻枯心率未防治田一般 2 .7%～ 7.6,高的1 5% ,严重的损失达 50 %以上。为探讨几种不同成份的杀虫剂防治二化螟的效果及有效防治剂量 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年在上高县锦南村早稻田进行了多种杀虫剂防治二化螟的田间药效试验 ,现将结果报道如下 :1　试验条件1 .1　作物品种 :早稻 ,品种为优 I 40 2。1 .2　环境条件 :试验在上高县锦江镇锦南村的双季稻田进行 ,禾…     

几种杀虫剂对水稻二化螟的防效试验

随州地处鄂北,常年中稻种植面积为11.33万hm2左右,近年来,二化螟已上升为我市水稻生产中的主要害虫之一。而市场上防治二化螟的药剂品种繁多,据2005年市场调查,药剂达80多种,品质良莠不齐。为了搞清这些药剂对二化螟的防治效果,从市场上购得一些药剂作了田间试验,现报道如下:1试验条件1.1作物和靶标供试作物为中稻Ⅱ优725,防治对象为水稻第2代二化螟(ChiloSuppressalis)1.2环境条件试验在曾都区东城裕民村试验田进行,该田肥力中等,排灌方便,试验田四周种植水稻。试验田栽插期为5月29日,每667m2约1.8万蔸,前茬作物为小麦。试验田为壤土,PH…     

三唑磷防治水稻害虫的药效试验

二化螟、三化螟是我国水稻产区的重要害虫，长期以来一直严重影响，制约着我国水稻的产量。作者于2000年用20％三唑磷乳油对二化螟、三化螟进行了田间药效试验。结果表明，在二、三化螟卵孵盛期用20％三唑磷乳油进行防治，都能取得良好的防治效果，且未发现对水稻有药害的现象，我们认为三唑磷乳油具有高效、低毒、低残留、价格便宜等优点，是一种理想的防治此类害虫的农药。     

不同杀虫剂对水稻二化螟的防治效果

不同杀虫剂防治水稻二化螟的效果试验结果表明,氟虫双酰胺·阿维菌素10％悬浮剂40mL/667m2具有高效、持效的特点,药后21d防效93.83％,杀虫效果为95.35％与氯虫苯甲酰胺20％悬浮剂20mL/667m2的防效相当,没有差异性;比核型多角体病毒20亿PIB/g可湿性粉剂、三唑磷20％乳油两处理的防效高,有显著性差异.     

万螟灵防治抗性二化螟效果好

象山县二化螟对杀虫双的抗性在２０世纪９０年代初已经出现 ,抗性程度逐年提高 ,至１９９９年抗性测定结果达到２４３倍 ,属高抗水平级 ,故治螟药剂杀虫双逐步被三唑磷所取代。由于单一药剂使用多年 ,二化螟对三唑磷的抗性也已经产生 ,局部地区抗性严重 ,如地处象山县南部的高塘岛乡 ,抗性最为严重 ,经１９９９年抗性测定 ,二化螟对三唑磷的抗性已达１０８倍 ,属高抗水平级。为了解决螟害问题 ,特在２０００年春引进台州菲尔达化工有限公司生产的２５%万螟灵乳油防治１代二化螟 ,进行边试验边推广 ,凡应用万螟灵的田块均取得较理想的防治效…     

不同杀虫剂防治柑桔矢尖蚧药效试验

不同杀虫剂防治柑桔矢尖蚧，结果表明，35％快克蚧EC l000倍，40％毒死蜱EC l000倍，40％速扑杀EC 1000倍，40％速蚧克EC l000倍，40％速蚧克EC l500倍喷雾防治，药后10d一30d，防效达90％以上，且对黑刺粉虱有较好的兼治作用。     

防治水稻三化螟药效比较试验

近年来,由于冬季气温偏高有利于三化螟越冬,以及耕作制度和栽培方式的改变为三化螟提供了有利的生长发育条件,三化螟种群数量大辐度回升,成为永安市水稻上的主要害虫之一。三化螟在当地每年发生4代,发生面积达2 000hm2左右,虽经大力防治,但稻谷损失仍达400 000㎏。为了筛选防治三化螟的有效药剂,2002年笔者应用50%吡虫啉·乙酰WP等几种农药进行防治三化螟药效试验,现将结果整理如下。 1 材料与方法 供试药剂为50%吡虫啉·乙酰WP;30%三唑磷EC;10%吡虫啉WP;75%乙酰甲胺磷WP;20%三唑磷EC。 试验在永安市洪田镇洪田村连晚水稻田进行,该田…     

不同类型杀虫剂对水稻二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果评价

基于同时防治水稻二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫药剂较少的现状,2014年采用田间小区试验探索了有机磷类、沙蚕毒素类、酰肼类、多杀菌素类、取代苯基吡唑类、缩氨基脲类、噁二嗪类、大环内酯抗生素类及双酰胺类等9类16种杀虫剂对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果。结果表明,200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和10%阿维·氟酰胺SC能有效控制二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟危害,且速效作用好、持效期长达28d,药后7~28d对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果分别为84.85%~93.37%和80.40%~86.16%。60g/L乙基多杀菌素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC、20%氟苯虫酰胺WG、40%氯虫·噻虫嗪WG、6%阿维·氯苯酰SC和10%四氯虫酰胺SC对二化螟的防治效果好而对稻纵卷叶螟有一定的兼治作用,药后7~28d防治效果分别为81.13%~97.17%和62.17%~85.26%。240g/L氰氟虫腙SC对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果好而对二化螟有较好的兼治效果,药后7~28d防治效果分别为76.98%~92.16%和76.37%~80.98%。1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME对二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果较好,速效性好且持效期较长,药后7~28d防治效果分别为69.29%~83.61%和68.84%~82.95%。此外,5%丁虫腈EC和30%茚虫威WG分别对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟高效,而20%三唑磷EC、40%水胺硫磷EC、29%杀虫双AS和240g/L甲氧虫酰肼SC难以有效控制二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟危害。在水稻生产实践中,建议轮换使用双酰胺类和大环内酯抗生素类杀虫剂、乙基多杀菌素和氰氟虫腙防治二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟。     

几种药剂防治第1代二化螟田间药效试验

二化螟是我区水稻生产上的一种重要害虫.近年来,随着冬、春季节气温的偏高,耕作制度的改变,该虫发生期提前,发生为害程度明显加重,1～4代已连续数年在我区偏重至重发生,未防或防治不力的田块枯心率或白穗率一般可达2.5%～6.0%，高的可达15%以上,而虫伤株率更高,对水稻生产构成重大威胁,是早晚稻保苗保穗重点考虑的防治对象之一，化学防治上,我区连续多年选用三唑磷及其复配制剂防治二化螟,其防效逐年下降,各地用户反映不一,为明确几种药剂防治二化螟效果,以便为大面积示范推广提供科学依据,2004年我们在早稻上进行了防治第1代二化螟田间药效试验,现将试验结果报道如下。     

江西省部分地区水稻二化螟抗药性测定

用点滴法普查了江西省南昌、南城、永新、丰城、上饶、彭泽6县(市)二化螟种群4铃幼虫对4种(类)杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,供试二化螟种群对沙蚕毒素类农药杀虫单、有机磷类农药三唑磷已产生了较强的抗性,抗性倍数分别为33.30~241.95、7.97~111.20;对苯基吡唑类农药氟虫腈和抗生素类农药阿维茵素部分地区也产生了低水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为5.88~16.47、3.70~9.90。本文还对二化螟抗性治理对策进行了讨论。     

防治水稻二化螟施药技术探讨

通过对防治水稻二化螟施药技术试验，结果表明乙酰甲胺磷等农药防治水稻二化螟枯心，适宜在卵孵高峰后5d施药，防治第3代造成的白穗应在水稻破口5％～10％时施药。施药方法，以常规喷雾和泼浇的效果较好，施药时要适当加大用水量，田间应保持水层。     

Fipronil resistance mechanisms in the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis Walker

Fipronil resistance mechanisms were studied between the laboratory susceptible strain and the selective field population of rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker in the laboratory. The borer population was collected from Wenzhou county, Zhejiang province. After five generations of selection, fipronil resistance ratio was 45.3-fold compared to the susceptible strain. Synergism experiments showed that the synergistic ratios of PBO, TPP and DEF on fipronil in susceptible and resistant strains of C. suppressalis were 7.55-, 1.93- and 2.91-fold, respectively, and DEM showed no obvious synergistic action on fipronil. Activities of carboxylesterase and microsomal-O-demethylase in the resistant strain were 1.89- and 1.36-fold higher that in susceptible strain, and no significant difference of glutathione-S-transferase activity was found between the resistant and susceptible strains. The K_m and V_max experiments also demonstrated that fipronil resistance of C. suppressalis was closely relative to the enhanced activities of carboxylesterase and microsomal-O-demethylase. Moreover, cross-resistance between fipronil and other conventional insecticides and the multiple resistant properties of the original Wenzhou’s population were also discussed.     

不同诱芯、诱捕器诱杀水稻二化螟效果的比较

本文调查了不同厂家生产的二化螟性诱芯和不同类型的诱捕器对田间二化螟成虫的诱杀效果。结果表明：两种诱芯的持效期均达40d以上,但北京中捷四方科贸有限公司生产的性诱剂在诱杀效果更好。诱捕器类型对诱杀效果影响则表明用三角型诱捕器最佳,其次为自制的可乐瓶诱捕器,最差的为UMT-B型诱捕器。     

Isoxaben analogs inhibit chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis

Benzoylphenylureas (BPUs) were discovered as novel type insecticides about a half century ago; many analogs have been launched as insecticides and acaricides. BPUs are known to inhibit chitin synthesis in insects and other arthropods, but they have no effect against microorganisms such as fungi. We designed new chitin synthesis inhibitors based on the hypothesis that biomolecules that play important roles in cellulose and chitin biosynthesis are similar. In the full automatic modeling system (FAMS), the cellulose synthase was selected as a template three-dimensional structure. Thus, we focused on the structure of cellulose synthase inhibitor, isoxaben, to develop new chemistry. The 1,1-diethylethyl [-C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)₂] group of isoxaben was changed to a 4-substituted phenyl group bearing Cl, Et, or Ph. These compounds significantly inhibited chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. The activity of the 4-ethylphenyl analog was enhanced 30-fold by adding piperonyl butoxide to the culture medium.     

Responses of striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from Taiwan to a range of insecticides

BACKGROUND: Information on the insecticide susceptibility of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is essential for an effective pest management programme. An early detection of resistance development can prompt the modification of current control methods and increase the lifespan of insecticides through the rotation of chemicals with different modes of action. In this study, the susceptibility of this pest in Taiwan to four classes of insecticides has been examined. RESULTS: Over 1000‐fold resistance to carbofuran was detected in C. suppressalis collected from Chiayi and Changhua prefectures, with estimated LC₅₀ values of > 3 mg cm^?2. In addition, 61‐fold resistance to cartap was found in the Chiayi population. On the other hand, all tested populations of rice stem borer were still relatively susceptible to chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, with LC₅₀ values ranging from 30 to 553 ng cm^?2. Chilo suppressalis populations collected from the central parts of Taiwan have a higher degree of resistance to the tested insecticides than those from northern areas. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of high resistance to carbofuran in the Chiayi and Changhua areas suggests that this compound should be replaced with chemicals having a different mode of action, such as chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, to which low cross‐resistance has been detected. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of dose responses and resistance ratios in four populations of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to 20 insecticides

BACKGROUND: Chemical control is a major strategy for suppressing the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Owing to their high toxicity and increasing resistance development in the target insect, many insecticides will be phased out entirely in 2007 in China. Alternatives with relatively low toxicity are urgently needed to replace traditional chemicals for rice stem borer control. In this study, the authors examined four field populations of C. suppressalis for their toxicological responses to more than 20 insecticides, including a few low-toxicity organophosphates and many novel pesticides. Interpopulation resistance levels to 12 conventional insecticides were also compared. RESULTS: Based on LD(50) values, the rice stem borer was most sensitive to avermectins and fipronil (LD(50) < 1 ng larva(-1)). The stem borers exhibited the least sensitivity to endosulfan (LD(50) > 100 ng larva(-1)) and monosultap (LD(50) > 1000 ng larva(-1)). Insect growth regulators and chitin synthase inhibitors showed great efficacy against C. suppressalis, especially against populations that had developed resistance to conventional insecticides. Four field populations showed variable tolerance levels to many insecticides. LYG05 was the most susceptible population, only with a low level of resistance to monosultap (RR = 6.6). NC05 and GL05 populations exhibited intermediate tolerance levels with RR values up to 20.4 and 52.8 respectively. RA05 was the most resistant population to many insecticides, with resistance ratios up to 76.2. CONCLUSION: The results from this study provide valuable information for selection and adoption of new alternative insecticides and for resistance management of the rice stem borer.     

二化螟对不同药剂的敏感度研究

为了解江西省不同地区二化螟对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感度水平,科学指导二化螟的田间药剂防治,应用点滴法测定了江西省代表性稻区二化螟对5大类8种杀虫剂的敏感度。结果表明,靖安、南昌、吉安稻区二化螟对三唑磷、毒死蜱、稻丰散和杀虫单敏感度极低,对丁烯氟虫腈和氯虫苯甲酰胺敏感度较高,对甲维盐和阿维菌素敏感度最高;3个稻区的二化螟种群对试验药剂的敏感度,除毒死蜱和阿维菌素外（相对敏感性指数为3.88、3.85）,对其他药剂的敏感度差异不大（相对敏感性指数均低于1.5）。