Characterization of the serum metabolic profile of dairy cows with milk fever using 1H-NMR spectroscopy

Background: Milk fever (MF) is a common calcium metabolism disorder in perinatal cows. Currently, information regarding the detailed metabolism in cows suffering from MF is scant.

Objective: The purpose was to study the metabolic profiling of serum samples from cows with MF in comparison to control cows, and thereby exploring other underlying pathological mechanisms of this disease.

Animals and methods: In the current study, we compared the serum metabolomic profile of dairy cows with MF (n = 8) to that of healthy dairy cows (n = 24) using a 500-MHz digital ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectrometer. Based on their clinical presentation and serum calcium concentration, cows were assigned either to the control group (no MF symptoms and serum calcium concentration >2.5 mmol/L) or to the MF group (MF symptoms and serum calcium concentration <1.4 mmol/L). For statistical analysis, a one-way analysis of variance was performed.

Results: We identified differences regarding nine metabolites between the two groups, among which glucose, alanine, glycerol, phosphocreatine, and gamma-aminobutyrate decreased, and β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, pyruvate, and lysine increased in cows with MF. Most of these were carbohydrates and amino acids involved in various energy metabolism pathways.

Conclusion: The different metabolites in cows with MF reflected the pathological features of negative energy balance and fat mobilization, suggesting that MF is associated with altered energy metabolism.

Clinical importance: The ¹H-NMR spectroscopy can be used to understand the pathogenesis of MF and identify biomarkers of the disease.     

Evaluation of biochemical profile of dairy cows with metabolic diseases in tropical conditions

The aims of this study were to characterize the biochemical profile, the reproductive performance and to identify potential predictive biomarkers of disease state of dairy cows with hyperketonemia, lipomobilization and hypocalcemia raised in tropical conditions in southeastern Brazil. Dairy cows (n = 50) were divided into a group of healthy cows (n = 14), cows with lipomobilization (n = 14), cows with hypocalcemia (n = 11), and a group of cows with hyperketonemia (n = 11). Evaluation of body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW) and blood samples was performed on 21, 14, 7, 4 and 2 days before calving, parturition, 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days post-partum and milk production was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Blood samples were assayed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutammyltransferase (GGT), albumin, total protein, globulin, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine concentrations. The biochemical profile, BCS, BW, milk production and reproductive performance differed (p < .05) among the groups. Our findings indicate changes in the biochemical profile of dairy cows with metabolic diseases and impaired production and fertility of dairy cows in this group. Variable importance in projection plots demonstrated that cholesterol, urea, total protein, albumin and fibrinogen in the serum were the strongest discriminators between cows with hypocalcemia and healthy cows; and AST, cholesterol, urea and triglycerides for cows with hyperketonemia and healthy cows; and cholesterol, urea, triglycerides, total protein and fibrinogen for lipomobilization and healthy cows, which might be useful as predictive biomarkers of the disease state.     

Evaluation of metabolic profile tests using a computer]

A programme has been developed for the evaluation of metabolism profile tests in dairy cows by means of the TESLA-200 computer in the FORTRAN language. The computer evaluates and plots the metabolism profile from input data punched on tape in the IBM code by the Consul-253 electronic organization automatic device. The metabolism profile is represented as a column graph (histogram), the levels of individual parameters being confronted with the reference levels with a 95% confidence interval and the deviations are expressed in units defined as 1/2 of the confidence interval for each parameter. Calculation by this procedure enables the construction of a profile record in which any step beyond the 95% confidence interval in any parameters is seen very clearly. The computer also produces a table of exactly calculated values of deviations from the reference levels and makes it possible to determine the numbers of abnormalities for individual parameters in the animals tested.     

Total serum bile acids and the bile acid profile as tests of liver function

Total serum bile acid assay for the evaluation of liver function has been available for many years but its application has been limited primarily by factors such as methodology, equipment and cost. New and improved methods for bile acid assay such as the radioimmunoassay or the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase techniques have brought the assay for bile acids into the realm of the clinical laboratory. The efficacy of bile acids for clinical diagnostic use in the evaluation of liver function has not been firmly established. Newer methods using high pressure liquid chromatography to develop a profile of the different bile acids may clarify its usefulness and define its role among the many available tests of liver function in animals.     

Total serum bile acids and the bile acid profile as tests of liver function

Total serum bile acid assay for the evaluation of liver function has been available for many years but its application has been limited primarily by factors such as methodology, equipment and cost. New and improved methods for bile acid assay such as the radioimmunoassay or the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase techniques have brought the assay for bile acids into the realm of the clinical laboratory. The efficacy of bile acids for clinical diagnostic use in the evaluation of liver function has not been firmly established. Newer methods using high pressure liquid chromatography to develop a profile of the different bile acids may clarify its usefulness and define its role among the many available tests of liver function in animals.     

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季生长肥育猪血清生化指标的影响

将48头体重43kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪随机分成两组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、10mg/kgGABA的日粮。结果表明:添加GABA使血清中钙、磷、钾、氯4种无机离子浓度提高,差异不显著(P>0.05);总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮水平有提高趋势,差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖水平提高13.29%,差异显著(P<0.05);丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶活性上升,差异不显著(P>0.05),乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶活性分别下降16.93%(P<0.05)、38.22%(P<0.01);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均有上升,其中GSH-Px差异极显著(P<0.01),丙二醛含量下降(P>0.05)。     

γ-氨基丁酸对蛋鸽产蛋性能和血清生化指标的影响

为探讨日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)对蛋鸽产蛋性能的影响,试验选用12月龄的蛋鸽96对,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每重复8对。试验采用单因子设计,在基础日粮中添加0(对照组)、20(试验I组)、40(试验II组)、80mg/kg GABA(试验III组),试验期40d。结果表明:①日粮中添加GABA对蛋鸽产蛋性能无显著影响;与对照组相比,20mg/kg GABA组总蛋重提高了4.61%(P0.05);20、40、80mg/kg GABA组产蛋间隔较对照组分别缩短了6.76%(P0.05)、10.08%(P0.05)和9.55%(P0.05)。②80mg/kgGABA组白蛋白较对照组显著提高22.82%(P0.05),甘油三酯水平较对照组降低了20.00%(P0.05);与对照组相比,20mg/kg GABA组血清尿素氮水平降低了16.44%(P0.05);日粮中添加GABA对血清总蛋白、钙、天门冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶水平无显著的影响(P0.05)。③日粮中添加GABA对血清抗氧化指标无显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加GABA初步改善了蛋鸽的产蛋性能。     

Plasma amino acid profile and expression of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway in lambs with induced metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis is a condition often induced by ruminal acidosis. Identification of the specific proteolytic pathways affected by metabolic acidosis and characterization of AA concentration changes induced by metabolic acidosis in ruminants has yet to be confirmed. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis on lamb plasma AA and tissue variables, including mRNA and protein expression of components of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway. Lambs (n = 10) were divided evenly into treatment groups receiving alfalfa pellets supplemented with 1) a control canola meal supplement, or 2) HCl-treated canola meal supplement for a 10-d treatment period. On d 11, lambs were slaughtered and liver, muscle, and kidney samples were collected to determine mRNA expression of components of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway and ubiquitin protein expression. Plasma concentrations of serine (P = 0.06), glycine (P = 0.002), and glutamine (P = 0.04) were greater in acidotic lambs compared with control animals, indicating that protein catabolism may be occurring. However, no alteration (P > 0.1) in messenger RNA expression of the proteasome subunit C8, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, or ubiquitin or in ubiquitin protein expression were observed. These results suggest that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is not the primary pathway of protein degradation in lambs afflicted with metabolic acidosis.     

不同蛋白质饲料对肥育鹅表观代谢率和血清生化指标的研究

选取体重为(2412.85±68.37)g的56日龄豁眼鹅300只,采用3处理5重复单因子完全随机设计,研究3种蛋白质饲料(血粉、膨化血粉和鱼粉各3%)对肥育鹅营养物质的表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。结果显示:①鱼粉组营养物质的代谢率略高于膨化血粉组,但差异不显著(P0.05);膨化血粉组和鱼粉组NDF、EE、CP的表观代谢3指标显著高于血粉组(P0.05);鱼粉组CF、ADF、ME的表观代谢率显著高于血粉组(P0.05)。②鱼粉组丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶、白蛋白、球蛋白和总蛋白5指标和膨化血粉组相比差异均不显著(P0.05),但显著高于血粉组(P0.05)(除球蛋白外);膨化血粉组丙氨酸转氨酶和天门冬氨酸转氨酶显著高于血粉组(P0.05)。研究结果表明,膨化血粉在肥育鹅日粮中可以代替相同水平的鱼粉,且其效果要明显优于普通血粉。     

Effect of acute induced metabolic alkalosis on the acid/base responses to sprint exercise of six racing greyhounds

To investigate the effect of acute induced metabolic alkalosis on the haematological, biochemical and metabolic responses to sprint exercise, six greyhound dogs with previously placed carotid artetrial catheters were raced four times over a distance of 400 metres. Each dog was raced twice after receiving oral sodium bicarbonate solution (NaHCO₃) (400 mg kg⁻¹) or lactated Ringer's solution ( ). Before, and for intervals of up to one hour after, the exercise arterial blood samples were collected for the measurement of blood gases, packed cell volume, total protein, serum biochemistry and plasma lactate. The time to complete the 400 metre sprint ranged from 32·7 seconds to 36·9 seconds. There was no significant difference in racing times between the dogs treated with NaHCO₃ and , and there was no significant difference between the plasma lactate measurements after the treatments with NaHCO₃ or . Serum chloride concentrations were significantly lower after NaHCO₃ than after LRS, and there was a trend towards a lower serum potassium concentration after NaHCO₃ treatment. Plasma lactate concentrations showed a similar increase and time course of disappearance after both LRS and NaHCO₃ treatments. There were significant changes in all the parameters measured after the exercise, but there were large variations between individual dogs and between races when the dogs were receiving the same treatment.     

The effect of humic-fatty acid preparation on selected haematological and biochemical serum parameters of growing rabbits

In this study, we assessed the effect of a humic-fatty acid preparation (HFA) used in rabbit feed on certain haematological and biochemical serum parameters (the lipid profile and the Ca, P and Fe contents). A higher RBC, HGB and HCT values were observed in the groups that were given HFA. An increase in Fe concentrations were also noted. The total and LDL cholesterol were lower in the groups which received HFA than in the control group.     

日粮中添加硫辛酸对热应激条件下母兔的影响

选择体况良好的新西兰母兔20只,随机分为4组,日粮中分别添加硫辛酸200mg/kg、400mg/kg、600mg/kg,对照组不添加。每组5个重复(每个单笼饲养的兔子为一个重复)。探索日粮中添加硫辛酸对热应激条件下母兔影响。试验结果表明,在高温应激情况下,在日粮中添加硫辛酸:①可使母兔血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低(P0.05);②可提高母兔的血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和GSH-Px的活性(P0.05);③可增加母兔血清总抗氧化能力(P0.05)。从相关理化参数可见,以日粮中添加600mg/kg的硫辛酸抗热应激效果最好。     

Effect of dietary fish oil on milk yield, fatty acids content and serum metabolic profile in dairy cows

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of dietary unprotected fish oil on milk yield, fatty acids content and serum metabolic profile in dairy cows. Forty lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned to two groups. The cows were fed a control basal diet (C group), or a basal diet containing 2% addition of fish oil on mineral carrier (FOM group) during a 8-week period. Supplementing FOM diet of dairy cows had no significant effect on milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose concentration and somatic cells count, but increased the milk yield (36.5 kg/d), (p < 0.05) compared with the control cows (34.28 kg/d). We observed an increase (p < 0.05) in body condition scoring between C and FOM groups. Additionally, higher levels of non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate acid were noticed in FOM group after 8 weeks of the experiment; however, these serum parameters still were in the reference range. Concentration of insulin was higher (30.40 μU/ml; p < 0.01) in the FOM group compared with the control group (14.03 μU/ml). In the FOM group, significant increase (p < 0.01) in long-chain fatty acids, mainly cis-9, trans-11 CLA and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) was observed. The obtained results demonstrated that addition of fish oil to cows' diet could profitably modify the fatty acids in cow's milk.     

不同能量和蛋白质水平日粮对石岐杂鸡免疫器官发育及血液生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同能量和蛋白质水平日粮对石岐杂仔鸡器官指数和血液生化指标的影响。选用21日龄健康石岐杂鸡120只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,饲喂4种蛋白质(CP)和能量(DE)水平不同的玉米-豆饼型日粮,分别为:Ⅰ组(12.09 MJ/kg;18.07%)、Ⅱ组(13.09 MJ/kg;18.01%)、Ⅲ组(12.09 MJ/kg;20.08%)和Ⅳ组(13.09 MJ/kg;19.93%)。试验期为21 d。结果显示:(1)Ⅱ、Ⅳ组较Ⅰ组能显著提高胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊等免疫器官指数(P<0.05);Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组能显著提高胸腺和脾脏指数(P<0.05)。(2)Ⅱ组较Ⅰ、Ⅲ组能显著提高肝脏指数(P<0.05);(3)Ⅱ组能显著提高葡萄糖和总胆固醇的含量(P<0.05);Ⅲ组能显著提高血清总蛋白、甘油三酯和尿酸的含量(P<0.05);Ⅳ组能显著提高血清总蛋白和葡萄糖的含量(P<0.05),并提高总胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿酸含量(P>0.05)。对于22～42日龄的石岐杂鸡,以免疫器官指数作为衡量标准,能量13.09 MJ/kg、蛋白质19.93%较为适宜;以血液葡萄糖和尿酸(或其他指标)为衡量指标,能量...     

Comparisons of blood biochemical parameters,digestive enzyme activities and volatile fatty acid profile between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets

This study was conducted to compare physiological characteristics between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets in their early lives. Six healthy purebred Meishan sows and Yorkshire sows with close farrowing dates were used in this research. The piglets sucked their respective sow's milk for 14 days, then they were slaughtered to collect samples of blood, pancreas, contents of stomach, jejunum, cecum, colon as well as feces for analysis of blood biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and volatile fatty acid(VFA). The results showed that Yorkshire piglets had higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and total cholesterol(TC)(P 0.05). Gastric lipase activity was higher in Meishan piglets but Yorkshire piglets had higher lactase activity(P 0.05). The total VFA together with acetate and propionate in cecum and colon were higher in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P 0.05),but acetate in jejunum and ratio of acetate to propionate in colon were lower in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P 0.05). In conclusion, in early suckling period, significant differences exist in host metabolism and intestinal microbial metabolism between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets.     

胍基乙酸对肉鹅的生产性能、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标的影响

文章旨在研究胍基乙酸(GAA)对肉鹅生产性能、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标的影响,试验选取30日龄健康肉鹅,随机分为高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组和对照组,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.02%、0.04%和0.08%的胍基乙酸,对照组不添加,连续饲喂30 d,测定各组肉鹅的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、抗氧化指标、血清生化指标。结果表明,在生产性能方面,各试验组的平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而料肉比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各组间的平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05);在抗氧化能力方面,各试验组的T-AOC、GSH、SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清生化指标检测结果表明,各试验组的GPT、GOT、LDH、AKP均低于对照组,且差异显著(P<0.05);而试验组的T3浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,当胍基乙酸用量为0.04%时,可以有效提高肉鹅的平均日增重、减低料肉比,提高机体抗氧化能力,同时有效降低血清中的GPT、GOT、LDH水平,并促进T3的分泌。