快速测定树木种子生活力的新方法

树木种子生活力的测定,是种子检验工作的一个重要组成部分,起到发芽试验所起不到的作用。根据种子内活细胞的原生质膜对苯胺有选择吸收的能力,坏死种子内部容易染色这一原理,而红色墨水内含11%左右的苯胺,所以我们选用红色墨水溶液对红松(PinusKoraiensis)。关东丁香(Syringarelufina),大叶朴(CelfisKoraiensis)等11种树木种子的种仁和胚分别做了染色试验,染上浅红色的(即有生活力的)占供试验     

四唑染色法测定毛竹种子生活力的研究

采用染色全过程观察和正交试验方法研究了TTC浓度、温度和染色时间对毛竹种子生活力的影响,探讨毛竹种子生活力测定的最佳条件。结果表明:四唑染色法能够很好地检测毛竹种子生活力水平,估测种子的潜在发芽能力。TTC浓度、温度和染色时间在生活力测定中存在一定的线性关系。试验表明,25℃下浸种48 h待种子完全吸涨后,于30~35℃黑暗条件下、TTC浓度0.5%,染色3~4 h为毛竹种子生活力测定的最佳条件。     

狭域珍稀濒危植物茶果樟种子生活力测定研究

为测定茶果樟种子的生活力,以2019年、2020年采集的茶果樟种子为研究材料,采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑染色法(TTC法),利用3因素3水平的正交试验L_9(3~4)设计,研究不同染色时间、TTC溶液浓度和染色温度对茶果樟种子生活力的影响。结果发现,TCC法能快速测定茶果樟种子的生活力,对2019年、2020年采集的茶果樟种子,生活力检测的最佳条件均为温度35℃+0.7%TTC溶液浓度+浸泡24 h,其中染色时间是显著影响茶果樟种子生活力测定的一个因素。茶果樟种子发芽潜力较好,且2020年的茶果樟种子生活力大于2019年采集的种子,表明茶果樟人工育苗宜采用随采随播的方式。     

枳椇种子生活力的四唑测定方法

通过对枳椇种子不同预处理、不同的TTC浓度和染色时间的设定,研究枳椇种子生活力测定的最佳条件。结果表明:四唑染色法能够准确的检测种子的生活力,测定的适宜条件为在远离胚根部位切除少部分种子组织后,室温条件下浸种24 h,去除种皮。在30℃环境下,采用0.25%的TTC溶液染色4 h,或0.75%TTC溶液染色2 h。     

元宝枫种子生活力TTC法检测技术研究

为优化建立元宝枫种子生活力TTC快速检测技术,采用不同染色温度与TTC浓度梯度两因素正交试验设计以及主效应分析、极差分析方法,优选了元宝枫种子生活力检测条件,并进行了重复验证。TTC浓度0.5%～1%,染色温度35℃～40℃,适用于元宝枫种子生活力检测。其中,以TTC浓度为1%、37.5℃染色处理条件下开展元宝枫种子生活力检测最为理想。     

山核桃属植物种子活力的测定

为了找出影响山核桃属植物种子活力的因素,对浙江山核桃、湖南山核桃种子活力进行了一系列的分析。结果表明:山核桃种子的发芽率随着贮藏时间的延长而降低;山核桃种子的种壳含水量均高于种仁含水量,且种壳和种仁含水量均随着贮藏时间的延长而下降,但是随着贮藏时间的延长,浙江山核桃种壳和种仁的含水量的降低量小于湖南山核桃;山核桃种子中的脱氢酶、过氧化物酶含量均随着贮藏时间的延长而降低,但是较耐贮藏的浙江山核桃种子的酶含量下降幅度较小,不耐贮藏的湖南山核桃种子的酶含量下降幅度较大;以2~3个胚居多的湖南山核桃种子容易丧失生活力,而以单胚居多,最多只有2个胚的浙江山核桃种子较湖南山核桃种子耐贮藏。     

介绍几种林木种子生活力快速测定方法

某些树种种子由于深休眠、种皮厚、胚后熟等原因,发芽通常需要很长的时间。于是,人们极力寻找对种子生活力测定的方法,来快速测定种子发芽能力。这种测定方法的最大优点就是快速,不受种子的休眠、结构影响。现将常用的5种林木种子生活力的测定方法介绍如下:1四唑测定法1.1原理氯化(或溴化)三苯基四唑为白色粉末,其水溶液易被种子活组织产生的氢还原成稳定的、不扩散的、鲜红的甲月赞(triphenyl formazon)。被染红的部位能与未染色的死亡部分区分开来,凡种胚染成红色者为有生活力,未染成红色者,表明种胚活细胞已死,为无生活力。对于局部染色…     

快速检验马尾松种子生活力的方法

过去测定种子生活力一般采用四唑TTC染色法,有生活力的种子,胚染上红色,但由于种子活力的强弱,影响染色深浅,而且受染色的药物浓度、温度、时间、光照等因素影响,染色也出现深浅,这样由于难以控制染色的程度,在测定判断时,容易产生差错,不能准确反映种子的生活力,不利于生产实践工作的开展。为了改变以上做法,我们经过多年的试验,得出一种快速准确测定马尾松种子生活力的方法——“胚变法”,其做法是:     

三苯基四唑(鎓)化氯法测定巴西橡胶种子的生活力

进行了四唑(鎓)(tetrazolium)染色法快速测定巴西橡胶种子生活力的试验。预备试验是确定种子提前泡水的有效时间,以及研究染色适宜的浓度、时间和温度。种子预先泡水4小时的,染色浅而不规则;泡水16小时的,染色较好。种子浸泡在1％浓度的2,3,5,——三苯基四唑(鎓)化氯(2,3,5——triphenyel tetrazolium chloride)溶液中,温度40℃,历时2小时的,胚和胚乳染色最好,染成一致的红色。对不同质量种子应用这种四唑染色技术进行测试所得到的结果,与发芽试验的结果相差显著。用此法在24小时内可以得到结果,而正常的发芽试验至少需要3个星期。     

四唑染色法快速测定麻疯树种子生活力研究

根据四唑染色法测定种子生活力的原理,研究不同预处理和不同染色浓度对麻疯树种子着色速度和生活力测定值的影响,摸索出测定麻疯树种子生活力的最佳条件。结果表明,在室温条件下(25℃),种子经裂缝预处理,再经过0.5%TTC浸种24h是测定麻疯树种子生活力的最佳条件。     

4个北美引进树种种子品质检验及播种育苗方法

以4个北美引进树种为研究对象(包括水紫树、美国白蜡、北美皂荚和茶条槭),测定了种子的物理性状、优良度、生活力和发芽率,并对其播种育苗方法进行了初步研究.研究结果表明:不同树种的种子品质差异较大,该种批茶条槭的种子质量存在问题,生活力和发芽率都远远低于其他树种,水紫树的种子质量较为优良,种子的生活力和发芽率均高于其他树种.此外,播种前使用赤霉素处理会降低美国白蜡和水紫树播种育苗的出苗率,该因素对两个树种的播种出苗有着极显著的影响;无色塑料薄膜覆盖能显著提高北美皂荚播种育苗的出苗率;温水浸种时间和覆土厚度对4个树种播种育苗的出苗率的影响均不显著.     

用种子失水率预测思茅松发芽率的研究

基于生活力不同的种子在“吸水-干燥”过程中保水能力不同的种子生理理论;利用思茅松种子失水率与发芽率的对应关系,建立了y=143-5.1χ线性回归方程.可在短时间内(1天)估测出思茅松种子的发芽率,其误差不超过GB2772-1999的容许差距.     

工业大麻种子生活力与发芽率的相关性研究

本项研究采用TTC法和纸床发芽法分别测定工业大麻4个品种种子的生活力和发芽率,分析其相互之间的关系。结果表明,种子生活力(x)与发芽率(y)符合y=a+bx的直线关系,相关系数R=0.912 9以上,为极显著正相关;利用这种关系,可根据快速测定种子的生活力计算出相应的发芽率,其理论值与实验测定值具有一致性。此研究结果为估算工业大麻种子发芽率提供了简便的方法。     

檫木种子贮藏试验

以檫木成熟种子为试验材料,开展种子贮藏试验,研究种子含水率和贮藏温度对种子生活力的影响。结果表明:檫木种子采集后自然阴干最好不要超过16 h,否则其生活力显著降低;在低温(4℃)贮藏过程中,将种子含水率控制在30%~40%,短期能有效保持檫木种子生活力。     

紫薇家系播种品质及苗期生长性状变异

对9个紫薇家系种子的主要播种品质、一年生播种苗的苗期生长性状变异和年生长规律,及其自然越冬存活率进行了研究.结果表明:紫薇家系间的种子播种品质检验指标存在丰富的变异,其中生活力的变异最大.紫薇种子的发芽率与发芽势呈极显著正相关,与生活力显著相关.不同家系内个体间的苗高和地径变异幅度差异较大,家系间的苗高、地径生长量均存在极显著差异.采用Logistic方程能良好地拟合紫薇一年生苗高和地径生长过程.紫薇家系间苗木越冬存活率差异极显著,与生长性状无显著相关.     

Seed Development, Maturation and Storage Behaviour of Mimusops elengi L.

Mass maturity (end of the seed-filling phase) occurred at about 72 days after flowering (DAF) in developing seeds of Mimusops elengi, at which time seed moisture content had declined to about 55%. The onset of ability to germinate was detected at 56 DAF and seeds showed 98% germination by 84 DAF. Tolerance of desiccation to 10% moisture content was first detected at 70 DAF and was maximal by 84 DAF. Delaying collection by a further 14 days to 98 DAF, when fruits began to be shed, reduced seed viability, particularly for seeds first dried to 10% moisture content. Hence the best time for seed collection appears to be about 14 days before fruits shed. In a separate investigation with six different seed lots, desiccation below about 8–12% moisture content reduced viability (considerably in some lots). The viability of dry seeds (below about 10% moisture content) stored hermetically was reduced at cool temperatures (5 °C and below), and none survived storage at sub-zero temperatures. The results suggest that Mimusops elengi shows intermediate seed storage behaviour and that the optimal hermetic seed storage environment is about 10% moisture content at 10 °C, while short-term, moist, aerated storage at high (40%) moisture content is also feasible.     

Comparative mast seed production in unmanaged and shelterwood white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stands in central Ontario

The effect of the seed cut of the uniform shelterwood silvicultural system on white pine seed production, seed characteristics, and seed viability during 2 mast seeding events was examined in operationally harvested second growth, white pine-dominated forest stands in central Ontario. Seed traps placed along transects in unmanaged and shelterwood stands in each of 3 blocks were used to monitor seed production in 2000 and 2006 (4 and 10 years after harvesting). During these 2 mast seed years between 386,000 and 2,730,600 seed ha^?1 were produced among study stands. Total seed production expressed on a per hectare and unit pine basal area basis did not differ by harvest treatment or among blocks in either year. Variability in seed production among stands was primarily due to differences in stand structure, with seed production positively related to white pine basal area. Seed characteristics were largely similar between harvested and unmanaged stands and between seed years. Seed viability was relatively high in both years, with seed from shelterwoods germinating slightly slower than those from unmanaged stands. Seed quality, as estimated by laboratory germination performance, was higher in 2006 than 2000, likely due to improved seed development and maturation in the warmer, wetter growing season of 2006. Our results suggest that the seed cut of the uniform shelterwood system applied to second growth white pine stands is unlikely to adversely affect white pine seed production, seed quality, or potential for natural regeneration during mast seeding events.     

Efficiency of neem and groundnut oils in protecting leguminous tree seeds against seed beetles in the Sahel

The objective of our study was to test the comparative efficiency of neem (Azadirachta indica) kernel oil, groundnut oil and a synthetic insecticide, K-Othrine®, in protecting stocks of leguminous tree seeds against seed beetles under Sahelian conditions. The following insect/seed combinations were used as models: Caryedon acaciae/Acacia nilotica, C. longispinosus/A. raddiana and C. serratus/Tamarindus indica. Neem oil, when used at concentrations of 5 to 20 ml per kg of seeds, had pronounced adulticidal and ovicidal effects which were maintained for five months. No significant fall in seed viability was observed except in the case of C. acaciae/A. nilotica. Groundnut oil, when used at concentrations of 5 to 20 ml per kg of seeds, had pronounced adulticidal and ovicidal effects which were relatively short-lived. A significant fall in seed viability was observed over five months. K-Othrine®, when used at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 mg per kg, had high adulticidal effects which were maintained for five months. However, K-Othrine® was found to have no ovicide properties. No significant fall in seed viability was observed. This study concluded that it is possible to use neem oil, a product that can be obtained locally at low cost, to efficiently protect tree seed stocks in the Sahel.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fluorescein diacetate as a viability stain for tree roots and seeds

Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was tested as a viability stain for roots of green ash as well as for seeds of green ash and 10 other tree species. The viability level indicated by FDA staining of green ash roots agreed well with root growth potential results, bud condition assessment, and foliage browning measurements. In seed viability experiments, the FDA staining intensity of embryos was related to germination in 9 out of 11 species tested using a 30 minute stain incubation period. In the other 2 species, eastern hemlock and Scotch pine, embryo FDA staining intensity and germination were also similar, provided an 18 h stain incubation period was used. When two seedlots of differing viability were tested in each of white spruce, Douglas-fir, and pitch pine, significantly higher germination was reflected in significantly higher embryo FDA staining intensity. In Sitka spruce seed that was heat treated to produce a range of viabilities, the semilog plot of germination (log scale) and FDA staining intensity of the embryo (linear scale) had an r²= 0.95. Based on these preliminary results, FDA shows promise as a rapid viability stain for tree roots and seeds.     

杉木球果瘿蚊危害性之初步研究

近几年发现的杉木种实害虫－杉木球果瘿蚊，它对杉木种子产量和质量影响很大。虫果和健果比较鲜重损失３６．６％，出籽率损失３４．９％，发芽势损失３８．６％，千粒重损失１４．４％，引起损失的主要原因是瘿蚊幼虫危害果鳞后引起果鳞畸形生长，阻碍种子的发育。