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1.
Abstract Extract Poisoning of cattle and sheep with superphosphate where the fertilizer was stored within reach of the animals has been reported by Romanenko (1954). In New Zealand losses of pregnant and lactating ewes grazing pastures topdressed with phosphatic fertilizers have been recognixed for several years, and records kept since 1965 show that 39 outbreaks have been reported to Ruakura Animal Health Laboratory (P. J. O'Hara, pers. comm.). Swan and McIntosh (1952) have described the toxicity to dairy cows of grazing pasture topdressed with North African phosphate and superphosphate. The toxic factor was later identified as fluorine (Animal Research Division of the New Zealand Department of Agriculture Reports 1952–3, p. 28; 1953–4, p. 34; 1954–5, p. 35). Phosphatic fertilizers are known to contain 1 to 4% fluorine (Caro, 1964), and the danger of poisoning stock with fluorine in untreated phosphates used as feed supplements has been described by many authors (Emmerling, 1902; Dammann and Manegold, 1904; Gardiner, 1930; Phillips et al., 1934; Hatfield et al., 1942; Udall, 1947; Fincher, 1952; Harris et al., 1952; Crampton, 1954; Dale and Crampton, 1955; Snook, 1962; Rek, 1967; Agarwala et al, 1971). 相似文献
2.
D.R. Ris B.Sc. Dip.Agric. D.E. Lake B.V.M.S. M.R.C.V.S. J.T.S. Holland F.N.Z.I.M.L.T. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):218-220
Abstract Extract Bovine Leptospirosis was first recognized in New Zealand in 1950 (Anon., 1951). Since then the infection has become widespread, particularly during wet spring and summer months (Anon., 1973). In calves, infection with serotype pomona frequently gives rise to haemoglobinuria and general malaise, while symptoms such as loss of condition and pendulous abdomens which appear suddenly and are followed by sudden death have been associated with copenhageni infections (Dodd and Brackenridge, 1960). 相似文献
3.
Abstract Extract Increasing references have been made in the recent veterinary literature to malacic diseases of the nervous system in sheep and other animals. Plowright (1954) and Innes and Plowright (1955) have described a focal symmetrical spinal poliomalacia of unknown aetiology in sheep in Kenya. In the U.S.A., Cordy (1954) has described a focal symmetrical encephalomalacia of horses following the ingestion of a species of thistle, and Jensen et al. (1956) have described an idiopathic polio-encephalomalacia in cattle and sheep. In New Zealand, Hartley (1956) has described a focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (F.S.E.) of lambs that may be related to the sublethal effects of the toxin of Clostridium perfringens (welchii) Type D. Smith (1957) has described widespread lesions of polio-encephalomalacia together with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in sodium chloride poisoning of swine. 相似文献
4.
Abstract Extract The ciliate protozoan parasite Balantidium coli is considered by Hagan (1947) commonly to infest swine, in which it occasionally produces, ulcerative colitis and diarrhoea. Humans are subject to infestation only rarely, and those most commonly affected associate with swine. A preliminary report by Norgarin (1957) records the occurrence of B. coli in cattle, and Hayesand Jordan (1956) record its presence in worm infested dogs. 相似文献
5.
Elizabeth Campbell B.Sc. R.C. Gumbrell B.V.Sc C.G. Murfitt B.V.Sc 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(9):217-219
Abstract Extract The equine lungworm was first reorded in a donkey (Equus asinus) and named Strongylus arnfieldi by Cobbold (1884). Later it was recognized in the horse by Railliet and placed in the genus Dictyocaulus by Railliet and Henry in 1907. Numerous reports describe its cosmapolitan distribution although the cases de- scribed below appear to be the first published records of it from New Zealand, apart from a Department of Agriculture Report (Anon., 1966). 相似文献
6.
D.C. Elliott 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2)
Abstract Extract Following the occurrence of one case of human trichinosis in New Zealand in 1931 (Lynch, 1932), a search was made for the larvae of Trichinella spiralis in the diaphragms of pigs. The examinations were made by pressing out pieces of muscle between two glass slides, and examining them under the microscope using a low-power objective. Samples from nearly 20,000 pigs were examined without any infections being found (N.Z. Dept. Agric, 1932). 相似文献
7.
Abstract Extract Cambendazole, isopropy1 2-(4-thiazoly1)-5-benzimidazolecarbamate, has been reported to be a highly efficient anthelmintic against gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle (Egerton et al., 1970; Baker and Walters, 1971; Ciordia and McCampbell, 1971; Benz, 1971a, b; Restani, 1971). Efficacy against the cattle lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, has also been reported as high (Rubin, 1972; Gibbs and Gupta, 1972; Baker et al., 1972). This paperreports the results of four controlled critical efficacy trials with cambendazole against naturally acquired nematode infections in cattle. 相似文献
8.
J. A. Cadwallader B.V.Sc. D.V.C.S. M.A.C.V.Sc. B.Sc. M. R. Alley B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(9):207-211
Abstract Extract Malignant hyperthermia is a rare and usually fatal complication of general anaesthesia. It occurs in man (Britt and Kalow, 1970) and in certain breeds of pigs, the, Landrace (Hall et al., 1966; Berman et at, 1970; Harrison et al., 1970) the Poland China (Jones et al., 1972), the Pietrain (Allen et al., 1970) and the Large White (Mawdesley-Thomas, 1969). 相似文献
9.
A.N. Sinclair M.V.Sc. F.R.C.V.S. M.A.C.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(7):149-152
Abstract Extract Fleece derangement, characterized by matted chewed wool in a region accessible to the sheep's mouth — i.e., behind a line approximately from elbow to hip, — indicates a typical behavioural response by sensitive sheep infested with Psorergates ovis. The condition was recorded by Bekker (1928) long before the mite was found (Carter, 1941; Womersley 1941). Fleece derangement is seen easily at flock inspection and so is used as anindication of P. ovis infestation in a flock, though Baker (1968) showed that a greater proportion of sheep in which heavy skin scurf was present, with or without fleece derangement, may be infested. Inspecting individual sheep closely for scurf is slow, while examining skin scrapings limits the number of sheep that can be inspected to less than about twenty per day, so the ready convenience of observing fleece derangement favours its use. 相似文献
10.
Isolation of leptospira hardjo from the opossum (trichosurus vulpecula) Extract Sir, — In 1971 and 1972 the Department of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries conducted surveys on the incidence of leptospirosis among fanners and their stock on the Hauraki Plains. As a result, Leptospira hardjo was identified for the first time in New Zealand, being isolated from humans (Christmas et al., 1974) and from dairy cattle (Lake, 1973). Evidence to date suggests that most human infections in New Zealand, whether of L. hardjo or of other serotypes, are contracted while milking. 相似文献
11.
B.E. Goulden B.V.Sc. M.R.C.V.S. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(12):167-175
Abstract Extract Recent interest in the subject of vesicoureteral reflux (regurgitation of the vesical contents into the ureters) in man has lead to many experimental investigations of this phenomenon in dogs (Ross and Thompson, 1963; Schoenberg et al, 1963; Levers and Metcalfe, 1964; Schoenberg et al, 1964; Scott, 1964(a); Scott, 1964(b); Cass and Lenaghan, 1965; Mori and Hara, 1965; Sommer and Roberts, 1966; King and Idriss, 1967). Little, however, has been written on the naturally-occurring condition seen in canine clinical practice. In fact, apart from isolated reports from experimental workers (Barksdale and Baker, 1930; Scott and de Luca, 1960) it has rarely been seriously considered as a complication of urinary disorders by practising veterinarians. 相似文献
12.
I.P. Mccausland B.V.Sc. Ph.D. B.A. Milestone B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):239-241
Abstract Extract Spontaneous glomerulonephritis has been considered an uncommon and ill-defined disease in domestic animals (Jubb and Kennedy, 1970). In a survey of 236 cases of nephritis in horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs, Langham and Hallman (1941) detected primary glomerular abnormalities in only 7. However, recent studies incorporating electron microscopic, or immunofluorescence examination, or both, of renal tissue suggest that glomerulonephritis is not uncommon. During the past 5 years it has been reported in sheep (Angus et al., 1973), dogs (Krohn et al., 1973) and cats (Slauson et al., 1971; Farrow and Huxtable, 1971), and in 6 of 45 horses examined at a commercial slaughterhouse in the U.S.A. (Banks and Henson, 1972). 相似文献
13.
R.V. Brunsdon M.Sc. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(8):118-125
Abstract Extract There are two principal sources of initial infection for the young lamb, the ewe grazing with it and the residual pasture infection resulting from any previous grazing. Several workers (Hawkins et al., 1944; Leiper, 1951; Spedding and Brown, 1956; Spedding, 1962; Crofton, 1958; Soulsby, 1962) believe that the former is generally the more important. 相似文献
14.
Abstract Extract Sir, — Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica is now recognised as a widespread infection among opossums in New Zealand (2) and the possibility of domestic stock acting as accidental hosts has recently been demonstrated. (3) With the recent development of hardjo vaccines (1) (4) for controlling infection with this serovar in the maintenance hosts, stock could be left vulnerable to infection with other prevalent serovars such as balcanica. 相似文献
15.
B.L. Smith 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11):310-312
Abstract Extract The toxicity of zinc salts to ruminants has been studied by Ott et al (4) (5) (6) (7) and others (3) (16) (2) (12) (9). In much of this work zinc has been incorporated in the feed, a situation more applicable to intensive feedlot farming rather than the New Zealand pastoral situation, or the zinc has been fed for limited periods of time with the possibility that the full potential of zinc for causing toxicity has not been realised. 相似文献
16.
R.E. Slaughter B.Vet.Med. M.R.C.V.S. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11):221-223
Abstract Extract Trimethoprim became generally available 3 years ago, following its original discovery as a unique antibacterial agent for combating diseases of both man and animals (Hitchings and Bushby, 1961; Pugsley et al., 1969; McGuinness, 1969; McCaig, 1970; Barnett and Bushby, 1970; Rehm and White, 1970; Craig 1972). 相似文献
17.
Abstract Extract During the past two decades intestinal absorptive and secretory functions and the intestinal flora have been significantly clarified. Important concepts of intestinal dysfunction have emerged which have proved of immense clinical value(32) (39) (46) (47) (51). Despite this, the medical and economic consequences of diarrhoea continue to beset the cattle industry(1) (18) (30) (56) (57). Diarrhoeal disease of the calf occurs at a time of complex developmental, environmental and functional change. The surface defences and enzyme systems of the neonatal gut are maturing in a protective film of maternal antibody, while undergoing increasing stimulation from environmental microbial challenge. The precarious nature of this defence system is not surprising. It is contingent upon a balance of such changing conditions as maternal antibody quantity, quality and delivery(5), environmental microbial challenge(46) (47) and neonatal immunological and intestinal epithelial maturation(7) (52). While both infectious and non-infectious etiologic factors are involved(1) the former (Escherichia coli, Saltiionsllci and Shigella spp., and reo and corona viruses) is the more significant. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), a major contributor to neonatal diarrhoeal disease, will be discussed primarily. Four syndromes, septicaemia, enteric-toxaemia, local invasive and enterotoxic have been described(32) and ad verseoutcomes may result from endotoxic shock and/or hypovolemic shock, from systemic infection and from malnutrition. The clinician is thus faced with the selection of a multi-faceted approach to the problem. Avenues of attack, in addition to prophylactic husbandry, include: passive and active immunization, reduction of challenge, specific antimicrobial therapy, and resolution of fluid and electrolyte loss and shock. This presentation includes a resumé of the calf scour syndrome, together with observations concerning treatment and control. These observations include active and passive immunization, antimicrobial therapy, and modification of intestinal fluid loss. 相似文献
18.
E.D. Andrews M.Sc. A.N.Z.I.C. C.E. Isaacs B.V.Sc. R.J. Findlay 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):140-146
Abstract Extract In New Zealand, cobalt-containing drenches are recommended for the field diagnosis of cobalt deficiency, but find little use as a routine method of controlling the disease. For the latter purpose, cobaltized licks have a place on extensively-grazed untopdressed hill country. Otherwise, topdressing pastures annually with cobalt sulphate, usually as cobaltized superphosphate, has proved the best method of prevention (N.Z. Dept. Agric, 1954; Andrews, 1956). In Australia, however, greater reliance has been placed on drenches and licks, partly because cobalt topdressing is regarded as uneconomic on the extensive undeveloped holdings usually associated with cobalt deficiency in that country, and partly because the effects of cobalt applied to the land have often proved ephemeral, particularly on the acutely-deficient calcareous coastal sands (Lee, 1950; Bennetts, 1955). However, recent work in South Australia opens up an entirely new approach to the control of cobalt deficiency disease. Dewey et al. (1958) report that when semi-porous pellets containing cobaltic oxide are administered to sheep they are retained in the reticulum, or less commonly in the rumen, and release a continuous and adequate supply of cobalt to the animal. Phalaris staggers and cobalt deficiency disease can be prevented in this way. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Extract Many reports concerned with the microflora of the genital tract in thoroughbred mares stress the potential pathogenic significance of the haemolytic streptococci. Many years ago, Dimock (1929, 1939) and Dimock and Edwards (1928) associated the haemolytic streptococci with persistent endometritis, sterility and deaths in foals up to 2 to 4 weeks after birth. In Holland, Ressang (1954) isolated haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield's Group C from 34 of 153 (22%) mares offered for examination because of poor breeding performance. Ressang noted that mares with streptococcal endometritis were not likely to show satisfactory fertility even after the infection had apparently been eliminated. Haemolytic streptococci have also been associated with infertility in mares in Turkey (Pusat, 1955), in the United Kingdom (Moran and Cronin, 1957) and in Ireland (Farrelly and Mullaney, 1964). In Australia, Bain (1966) noted that 12% of infected mares at stud in the Hunter district of New South Wales harboured beta-haemolytic strepotcocci in the genital tract. This organism was considered the most serious pathogen encountered as only 40% of these mares infected with haemolytic streptococci produced a live foal in the first year following infection: 35% had still not completed a successful pregnancy within the subsequent 3-year period. 相似文献
20.
R.D. Jolly B.V.Sc. Ph.D. M.A.C.V.Sc. J.G. Digby B.V.Sc. M.B.A. C.G. Rammell B.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11):218-222
Abstract Extract Recent research has shown that the gene frequency for mannosidosis (pseudolipidosis) may approximate 0.05 in pedigree Angus herds (Jolly, unpublished data). As epidemiological studies suggest an equal frequency in commercial non-pedigree herds, the disease is elf economic importance to the national beef industry. Mannosidosis is an inherited lysosomal storage disease associated with a defect in catabolism, of the heterosaccharide fractioln of glycoproteins (Whittem and Walker, 1957; Jolly 1971; Hocking et al., 1972; Phillips et al., 1974). Whereas animals with mannosidosis have negligible tissue sand plasma levels of α-mannosidase, heterozygotes having one normal gene and one defective gene have approximately half the normal level of enzyme in their tissues and plasma. This observation forms the basis for a control programme in which heterozygotes are identified by their plasma α-mannosidase 1evels (Jolly et al., 1973, 1974a, b). 相似文献