试论牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的综合防治措施

正牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病是由布鲁氏杆菌引起的多种动物包括人都能感染的人畜共患慢性传染病,病原菌寄生于宿主细胞内可以存活很多年。近年来,牛羊布氏杆菌病在青海地区呈现高发态势,对青海牛羊养殖业产生了不利影响。为此,本文对牛羊布氏杆菌病的综合防治措施作如下探讨,供参考。     

高寒地区牛羊布氏杆菌病的流行与防控

牛羊布氏杆菌病是由布氏杆菌(又名布鲁菌)引起的人兽共患病.家畜患布鲁氏杆菌病后易引起母畜流产、空怀、不孕,使母畜繁殖成活率降低,直接影响畜牧业的生产发展.近年来,青海省互助县采取有效措施,使得布氏杆菌病的防治工作取得了显著成效.牛、羊布氏杆菌病阳性率由20世纪70年代的3.27%和12%下降到2001年的0.094%和0.124%.至今为止,再未发现阳性牛羊.     

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的综合防治措施

布鲁氏杆菌病简称布氏杆菌病,是一种由布鲁氏杆菌感染引发的高接触性、高传染性的人畜共患病,该病在牛羊养殖中十分常见,牛羊患病后会影响其生殖功能,给养殖户带来重大经济损失,严重危害我国养殖业的健康发展,还会威胁到消费者的人身安全。本文针对牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的危害以及综合防治措施予以综述。     

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的综合诊断与防治

布鲁氏杆菌病对牛羊的危害十分严重,其致病原为布鲁氏杆菌,为一种人畜共患细菌性致病原,牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病感染率很高,传播较快,布鲁氏杆菌病的存在对人类健康和食品安全都构成较大威胁。养殖场控制布鲁氏杆菌病应该采取综合诊断及防治措施,本文主要综述牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的诊断和防治方面的知识,为基层养殖场布鲁氏杆菌病的防控和净化提供参考。     

浅析布氏杆菌病的防控

布氏杆菌病由布氏杆菌引起的人、畜共患传染病,全称是布鲁氏杆菌病.在家畜中最常发生于牛羊猪,并可由牛羊猪传染于人和其他家畜.威胁着牲畜的健康影响牲畜的生殖系统,并且对人的健康也会造成威胁,严重的甚至会导致失去生育能力.加上布氏杆菌病是一种传染疾病,如果防控不及时会引发严重的后果.本文主要针对布氏杆菌的防控进行讨论,分析了它的现在在防控时存在问题并提出防控措施.     

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病诊断及综合防治措施

布鲁氏杆菌病（Brucellosis）是由布鲁氏杆菌（Brucella）引起的一种人畜共患传染病,严重影响着我国畜牧业的发展。主要介绍了牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的症状、检测方法及综合防治措施,旨在为我国牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的防控提供理论依据。     

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病诊断及防治措施

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病是畜牧养殖的常见疾病,发生的主要原因是患病畜禽的直接传染所导致,在短时间内可快速的大规模传播扩散。对牛羊布鲁氏杆菌疾病防治,应结合实际情况制定规范的防治措施,降低疾病带来的影响。该文对牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的诊断及综合方式措施进行总结。     

布鲁氏杆菌病现状及防控

布鲁氏杆菌病是牛羊等畜牧养殖区危害较大的传染性疾病之一,其他动物都是潜在的感染对象,目前布鲁氏杆菌病的感染率有上升趋势。该文分析布鲁氏杆菌病的现状、流行特点、传播方式、危害,探讨如何预防和控制布鲁氏杆菌病。     

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的防控措施

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病又称传染性流产,它主要由布鲁氏杆菌引起,是人和动物共患的一种接触性传染病。近几年,随着经济的发展以及人们生活水平的不断提高,此病的发病几率也在不断的上升,危害也尤为严重,已经引起了公共卫生部门的重视。相关的部门已经在不断研究防控牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病的相关方法以及措施,从而为牛羊和人们的身体健康做出保障。     

一例草原黄牛携带布鲁氏杆菌病调查及分析

目的:通过对牛群秋季例行检疫,检出来一头公牛携带布鲁氏杆菌,检验过程及讨论分析,说明在布病稳定控制区必须采取综合防治措施才能有效控制布鲁氏菌病,为降低动物及人的感染风险具有重要参考价值。方法:遵照《动物布鲁氏菌病诊断技术》国家标准方法 (GB/T 18646-2002):虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)、试管凝集试验(SAT)和补体结合试验(CFT)复合。结果:(1)虎红平板凝集试验RBPT方法结果示(+);(2)布鲁氏菌血和淋巴液涂片检验,淋巴液片中检出布鲁氏杆菌(+),呈红色多数集结细胞内短小杆菌,只有少数在细胞外;(3)试管凝集试验SAT方法结果显示:1:100(++);结论:该牛确诊患布鲁氏杆菌病。根据目前松原地区布病发展趋势,采取综合防治措施予以控制。牛应该预防接种布氏杆菌19号活菌苗。     

肉牛布鲁氏杆菌病防控现状及措施

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种急性或慢人畜共患传染病,该病除了导致养牛企业直接经济损失外,还可能发生严重食品安全问题和因人被感染导致的严重公共卫生安全问题。多年来,各级动物防疫部门主要关注奶牛的布病防控,对肉牛的布病防控介入很少,造成肉牛布病感染情况不明、底子不清,防控力度不够。随着规模化肉牛养殖业的不断兴起,肉牛布鲁氏菌病防控可不容缓。因此,必须采取综合措施有效防控肉牛布鲁氏菌病。     

Eradication of bovine brucellosis in the 10th Region de Los Lagos,Chile

The process of Bovine Brucellosis Eradication that began in 1996 in the 10th Region de Los Lagos of Chile will be reviewed. The region comprises the most important dairy area of the country and it has the largest concentration of brucellosis infected herds. Based on the information gathered by an epidemiological surveillance system, the results of the eradication process for the years 1996 till 2001 are presented as rates of Milk Ring Test (MRT) positive dairies, rates of brucellosis reactors (bovines) in livestock markets and slaughterhouses, and the annual incidence and prevalence of brucellosis infected herds.

During the period the rates of positive dairies, bovine reactors in livestock markets and slaughterhouses, and the annual incidence and prevalence of infected herds have experienced a decrease, while the rate of bovine reactors in slaughterhouses has remained stable. Data on the preventive measures taken, such as vaccination of female bovines and Certification of Brucellosis Free Herds, are also shown. The surveillance system has allowed the detection of infected herds, while the measures of prevention and cleaning of infected herds have allowed a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of the infection by Brucella abortus.     

A Brucellosis Disease Control Strategy for the Kakheti Region of the Country of Georgia: An Agent‐Based Model

Brucellosis has been reported in livestock and humans in the country of Georgia with Brucella melitensis as the most common species causing disease. Georgia lacked sufficient data to assess effectiveness of the various potential control measures utilizing a reliable population‐based simulation model of animal‐to‐human transmission of this infection. Therefore, an agent‐based model was built using data from previous studies to evaluate the effect of an animal‐level infection control programme on human incidence and sheep flock and cattle herd prevalence of brucellosis in the Kakheti region of Georgia. This model simulated the patterns of interaction of human–animal workers, sheep flocks and cattle herds with various infection control measures and returned population‐based data. The model simulates the use of control measures needed for herd and flock prevalence to fall below 2%. As per the model output, shepherds had the greatest disease reduction as a result of the infection control programme. Cattle had the greatest influence on the incidence of human disease. Control strategies should include all susceptible animal species, sheep and cattle, identify the species of brucellosis present in the cattle population and should be conducted at the municipality level. This approach can be considered as a model to other countries and regions when assessment of control strategies is needed but data are scattered.     

青海省祁连县羊布鲁氏病发生情况调查及防治

羊布鲁氏杆菌病俗称布病,是由布鲁氏杆菌感染引起的一种人畜共患病。近年,我国家畜饲养量不断增加,动物及其产品流通不断频繁,部分地区布鲁氏杆菌病呈现上升趋势,严重威胁当地畜牧养殖产业和人民群众的身体健康。该文主要就祁连县羊布鲁氏杆菌病的发生情况进行调查,提出相应的防治对策。     

我国奶牛布鲁氏菌病防控的现状与防控措施

布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患传染病,世界动物卫生组织将其列为B类动物疫病.病牛可通过其产品和代谢产物排出病原菌,感染人和其他动物,引起其他动物发病.国家对奶牛布鲁氏菌病的防控投入了大量的人力、物力,但收效甚微.近年来,不断有人感染布病的报道出现.笔者根据多年的工作体会,对当前我国奶牛布鲁氏菌病的防控做了现状分析,并提出一些对策供大家参考.     

Human Brucellosis Trends: Re‐emergence and Prospects for Control Using a One Health Approach in Azerbaijan (1983–2009)

Brucellosis is one of the most common and widely spread zoonotic diseases in the world. Control of the disease in humans is dependent upon limiting the infection in animals through surveillance and vaccination. Given the dramatic economic and political changes that have taken place in the former Soviet Union, which have limited control, evaluating the status of human brucellosis in former Soviet states is crucial. We assessed annual spatial and temporal trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in Azerbaijan, 1983–2009, in conjunction with data from a livestock surveillance and control programme (2002–2009). To analyse trends, we used a combination of segmented regression and spatial analysis. From 1983 to 2009, a total of 11 233 cases of human brucellosis were reported. Up to the mid‐1990s, the incidence of human brucellosis showed a pattern of re‐emergence, increasing by 25% annually, on average. Following Soviet governance, the incidence rates peaked, increasing by 1.8% annually, on average, and subsequently decreasing by 5% annually, on average, during the period 2002–2009. Despite recent national declines in human incidence, we identified geographic changes in the case distribution characterized by a geographic expansion and an increasing incidence among districts clustered in the south‐east, compared to a decrease of elsewhere in the country. Males were consistently, disproportionately afflicted (71%) and incidence was highest in the 15 to 19 age group (18.1 cases/100 000). During the period 2002–2009, >10 million small ruminants were vaccinated with Rev1. Our findings highlight the improving prospects for human brucellosis control following livestock vaccination; however, the disease appears to be re‐emerging in south‐eastern Azerbaijan. Sustained one health measures are needed to address changing patterns of brucellosis in Azerbaijan and elsewhere in the former Soviet Union.     

对花海农场一起羊感染布鲁氏菌病的调查及处置

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的人畜共患病,不仅危害畜牧业健康发展,影响畜产品质量安全,而且严重威胁人类健康。本文通过对玉门市花海农场87只布鲁氏菌病羊只的扑杀消毒、淘汰净化和周边羊只的调查监测,及时、有效地控制了布鲁氏菌病,没有形成蔓延扩散之势。针对调查中找出发生布病的原因和存在问题,结合实际,提出了今后羊布鲁氏菌病的防控对策。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病的诊断与防控

奶牛布鲁氏菌病主要是由牛种布氏杆菌（又称流产布氏杆菌）感染引发,在畜牧业中具有极高的关注度。这种疾病的病症表现多样,感染后的奶牛可能出现流产、死胎、胎盘滞留等现象,同时还可能伴随着关节炎、乳腺炎等疾病。与此同时,该病是一种人畜共患的传染病,病菌主要通过消化道、呼吸道和生殖道传播,对于奶牛养殖者而言,及时发现和诊断奶牛布鲁氏菌病至关重要。本文将详细探讨奶牛布鲁氏菌病的特性与症状、诊断与检测、防控原则与措施。     

Bovine brucellosis – a comprehensive review

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.     

Brucellosis in domestic water buffalo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>) of Trinidad and Tobago with comparative epidemiology to cattle

The water buffalo is an important domestic animal worldwide, and the local Buffalypso variety was developed in Trinidad to have improved beef qualities. Brucellosis was diagnosed in Trinidad and Tobago during 1998 in both cattle and domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations. Brucellosis in the latter species is caused by infection with Brucella abortus, similar to bovine brucellosis. Control of brucellosis is of paramount importance to preservation of the genetic diversity of these animals in Trinidad, and this has been complicated by differences in the epidemiology of water buffalo and bovine brucellosis. Some diagnostic tests do not have comparable accuracy between the two species, and the RB51 vaccine does not adequately protect against infection in water buffalo. The water buffalo in Trinidad may also be more resistant to infection than cattle. Development of effective vaccination protocols is key to brucellosis control in Buffalypso in Trinidad, and prohibitions on import of virulent B. abortus strains for vaccine efficacy studies has impeded progress in this area. These Trinidadian strains are of variable virulence; some might be effective for challenge in vaccine efficacy studies, while other, of lower virulence, may be vaccine candidates for use in water buffalo.