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1.
J.S. Young M.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(9):167-173
Abstract Extract Although the opinion has been expressed (Andrews, 1971) that cobalt deficiency among cattle has virtually disappeared in New Zealand and that specimens for laboratory examination are rarely required, 15 to 20% of the liver samples submitted by veterinarians to the Animal Health Reference Laboratory for vitamin B12 assay are from cattle. Diagnostic criteria for cobalt (vitamin B12) deficiency cy have long been established for sheep but not for cattle In view of the continuing requests for vitamin B12 analyses on bovine livers, it was desirable to establish normal values for clinically normal cattle so that results of routine diagnostic analyses could be more readily interpreted. 相似文献
2.
F.J.A. Neilson K.T. Jagusch M.G. Gray K.S. Maclean 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(9):148-149
Abstract Extract Madam:– The administration of zinc salts to sheep at the time they are exposed to spores of Pithomyces chartarum will reduce the amount of liver damage from the mycotoxin contained in these spores.(7)(10)(11) It is a recommended practice in facial eczema susceptible areas of New Zealand.(9) We wish to report a suspected outbreak of salmonellosis that occurred only in a ZnO-dosed group of trial animals and suggest that there may be an association between ZnO administration and salmonellosis. 相似文献
3.
I.P. Mccausland B.V.Sc. Ph.D. B.A. Milestone B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):239-241
Abstract Extract Spontaneous glomerulonephritis has been considered an uncommon and ill-defined disease in domestic animals (Jubb and Kennedy, 1970). In a survey of 236 cases of nephritis in horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs, Langham and Hallman (1941) detected primary glomerular abnormalities in only 7. However, recent studies incorporating electron microscopic, or immunofluorescence examination, or both, of renal tissue suggest that glomerulonephritis is not uncommon. During the past 5 years it has been reported in sheep (Angus et al., 1973), dogs (Krohn et al., 1973) and cats (Slauson et al., 1971; Farrow and Huxtable, 1971), and in 6 of 45 horses examined at a commercial slaughterhouse in the U.S.A. (Banks and Henson, 1972). 相似文献
4.
R.V. Brunsdon M.Sc. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(8):118-125
Abstract Extract There are two principal sources of initial infection for the young lamb, the ewe grazing with it and the residual pasture infection resulting from any previous grazing. Several workers (Hawkins et al., 1944; Leiper, 1951; Spedding and Brown, 1956; Spedding, 1962; Crofton, 1958; Soulsby, 1962) believe that the former is generally the more important. 相似文献
5.
Abstract Extract In the course of some earlier experiments, it was observed that vitamin B12 deficiency in 2 hoggets was corrected by injection of hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12b) (E. D. Andrews, pers. comm., 1972). Since this form of therapy offered a convenient and effective means of treating young lambs suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency, more detailed investigations were desirable. It has been known for some time that lambs on the cobalt-deficient area at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Kaitoke Farm lose condition after weaning. Abnormal amounts of methylmalonic acid (MMA) had been found in the urine of some of these lambs, indicating a state of vitamin B12 deficiency Andrews et al, (1970). 相似文献
6.
J.L. Vegad B.V.Sc Assoc. I.V.R.I. Ph.D. M.C. Lancaster B.Sc. M.R.C.V.S. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(7):103-108
Abstract Extract It is clear that the early permeability response in the sheep that follows chemical and thermal injury, is mediated by histamine (Lancaster and Vegad, 1967; Vegad, 1971a, b). This is similar to the situation in the rat and the guinea-pig (Spector and Willoughby, 1965). In contrast to the situation in the rat and the guinea-pig, various nucleosides (Vegad, 1970c), hyaluronidase (Vegad, 1970c), 5-hydroxytryptamine, turpentine-induced pleural exudates and the lymph node cell extracts also release histamine in the sheep skin (Vegad, 1967). From these results it was thought possible that cutaneous antigen-antibody reactions might also release histamine in the sheep, and this possibility has been investigated in the present experiments. 相似文献
7.
B.L. Smith 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11):310-312
Abstract Extract The toxicity of zinc salts to ruminants has been studied by Ott et al (4) (5) (6) (7) and others (3) (16) (2) (12) (9). In much of this work zinc has been incorporated in the feed, a situation more applicable to intensive feedlot farming rather than the New Zealand pastoral situation, or the zinc has been fed for limited periods of time with the possibility that the full potential of zinc for causing toxicity has not been realised. 相似文献
8.
R.D. Jolly B.V.Sc. Ph.D. M.A.C.V.Sc. K.G. Thompson B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(8):184-185
Abstract Extract Mannosidosis, a lethal inherited neurological disease associated with a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase (Hocking et al., 1972) has been described clinically as affecting Angus calves usually in their firstyear of life (Whittem and Walker, 1957; Jolly, 1970, 1975). Although it has been suspected as a significant cause of neonatal mortality in herds at risk, figures and diagnosis supporting such an hypothesis have not been available. 相似文献
9.
Abstract Extract Poisoning of cattle and sheep with superphosphate where the fertilizer was stored within reach of the animals has been reported by Romanenko (1954). In New Zealand losses of pregnant and lactating ewes grazing pastures topdressed with phosphatic fertilizers have been recognixed for several years, and records kept since 1965 show that 39 outbreaks have been reported to Ruakura Animal Health Laboratory (P. J. O'Hara, pers. comm.). Swan and McIntosh (1952) have described the toxicity to dairy cows of grazing pasture topdressed with North African phosphate and superphosphate. The toxic factor was later identified as fluorine (Animal Research Division of the New Zealand Department of Agriculture Reports 1952–3, p. 28; 1953–4, p. 34; 1954–5, p. 35). Phosphatic fertilizers are known to contain 1 to 4% fluorine (Caro, 1964), and the danger of poisoning stock with fluorine in untreated phosphates used as feed supplements has been described by many authors (Emmerling, 1902; Dammann and Manegold, 1904; Gardiner, 1930; Phillips et al., 1934; Hatfield et al., 1942; Udall, 1947; Fincher, 1952; Harris et al., 1952; Crampton, 1954; Dale and Crampton, 1955; Snook, 1962; Rek, 1967; Agarwala et al, 1971). 相似文献
10.
Abstract Extract Increasing references have been made in the recent veterinary literature to malacic diseases of the nervous system in sheep and other animals. Plowright (1954) and Innes and Plowright (1955) have described a focal symmetrical spinal poliomalacia of unknown aetiology in sheep in Kenya. In the U.S.A., Cordy (1954) has described a focal symmetrical encephalomalacia of horses following the ingestion of a species of thistle, and Jensen et al. (1956) have described an idiopathic polio-encephalomalacia in cattle and sheep. In New Zealand, Hartley (1956) has described a focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (F.S.E.) of lambs that may be related to the sublethal effects of the toxin of Clostridium perfringens (welchii) Type D. Smith (1957) has described widespread lesions of polio-encephalomalacia together with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in sodium chloride poisoning of swine. 相似文献
11.
The prevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini in the respiratory tract of sheep
M.R. Alley B.V.Sc. Janet R. Quinlan B.Sc. J.K. Clarke B.Sc. Ph.D. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(7):137-141
Abstract Extract In an initial study of mycoplasmas of the respiratory tract of New Zealand sheep a number of strains of mycoplasma were recovered and identified as either M. ovipneumoniae or M. arginini (Clarke et al., 1974). Investigations in Australia have produced evidence that M. ovipneumoniae is associated with a proliferative interstitial pneumonia in Queensland sheep (Sullivan et al., 1973) and for this reason the present survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tract of sheepin New Zealand. 相似文献
12.
S.C. MacDiarmid 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):165-166
Abstract Extract Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a disease of goats of any breed, sex and age, caused by a retrovirus related to, but distinct from, the maedi-visna virus which affects sheep.(4) (10) Both infections are included among the so-called slow virus diseases which are characterised by a long incubation period, protracted clinical course and persistent infection. Maedi-visna is not present in New Zealand but CAE has been detected in a number of goat flocks. 相似文献
13.
E.D. Andrews M.Sc. A.N.Z.I.C. C.E. Isaacs B.V.Sc. R.J. Findlay 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):140-146
Abstract Extract In New Zealand, cobalt-containing drenches are recommended for the field diagnosis of cobalt deficiency, but find little use as a routine method of controlling the disease. For the latter purpose, cobaltized licks have a place on extensively-grazed untopdressed hill country. Otherwise, topdressing pastures annually with cobalt sulphate, usually as cobaltized superphosphate, has proved the best method of prevention (N.Z. Dept. Agric, 1954; Andrews, 1956). In Australia, however, greater reliance has been placed on drenches and licks, partly because cobalt topdressing is regarded as uneconomic on the extensive undeveloped holdings usually associated with cobalt deficiency in that country, and partly because the effects of cobalt applied to the land have often proved ephemeral, particularly on the acutely-deficient calcareous coastal sands (Lee, 1950; Bennetts, 1955). However, recent work in South Australia opens up an entirely new approach to the control of cobalt deficiency disease. Dewey et al. (1958) report that when semi-porous pellets containing cobaltic oxide are administered to sheep they are retained in the reticulum, or less commonly in the rumen, and release a continuous and adequate supply of cobalt to the animal. Phalaris staggers and cobalt deficiency disease can be prevented in this way. 相似文献
14.
R.D. Jolly B.V.Sc. Ph.D. M.A.C.V.Sc. J.G. Digby B.V.Sc. M.B.A. C.G. Rammell B.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11):218-222
Abstract Extract Recent research has shown that the gene frequency for mannosidosis (pseudolipidosis) may approximate 0.05 in pedigree Angus herds (Jolly, unpublished data). As epidemiological studies suggest an equal frequency in commercial non-pedigree herds, the disease is elf economic importance to the national beef industry. Mannosidosis is an inherited lysosomal storage disease associated with a defect in catabolism, of the heterosaccharide fractioln of glycoproteins (Whittem and Walker, 1957; Jolly 1971; Hocking et al., 1972; Phillips et al., 1974). Whereas animals with mannosidosis have negligible tissue sand plasma levels of α-mannosidase, heterozygotes having one normal gene and one defective gene have approximately half the normal level of enzyme in their tissues and plasma. This observation forms the basis for a control programme in which heterozygotes are identified by their plasma α-mannosidase 1evels (Jolly et al., 1973, 1974a, b). 相似文献
15.
R.H. Sutton B.V.Sc. R.D. Jolly B.V.Sc. Ph.D. M.A.C.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(8):160-166
Abstract Extract Eperythrozoon ovis is an epi-erythrocytic sheep parasite of uncertain classification with a world-wide distribution (Sutton, 1970), but whether eperythrozoonosis is a disease of economic importance remains unresolved. In Scotland, Foggie and Nisbet (1964), found that experimentally E. ovis caused a clinical anaemia, occasionally with jaundice, but there was no significant difference in weight gain between infected and control sheep. Similar observations in naturally infected sheep were recorded in Norway by Overas (1969), and in Australia by Harbutt (1969b), Other Australian authors have found infection by this parasite; associated with outbreaks of ill-thrift in lambs (Sheriff et al., 1966) and severe anaemia with some mortality (Littlejohns, 1960; Maxwell, 1969; Campbell et al., 1971). Although the presence of strains of different pathogenicity has been suggested (Foggie and Nisbet, 1964, 1966; Harbutt, 1969a), other factors influencing the disease should also be considered (Littlejohns, 1960). 相似文献
16.
Abstract Extract In the last 2 years, two papers have been published suggesting that current New Zealand reference criteria for diagnosing cobalt deficiency should be reviewed (Grace et al 2003), and they are conservatively high and lead to the over-diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency and ill-thriftiness in sheep (Gruner et al 2004). The comments refer to reference ranges cited by animal health diagnostic laboratories. These reference ranges were derived from the paper by Clark et al (1989), which reviewed data from published and unpublished weight gain response trials preceding that date. The review included all published trials in New Zealand and as many unpublished trials that the authors could obtain. They involved serum vitamin B12 data from 54 trials and liver vitamin B12 data from 21 trials. It was stated that more data from trials conducted in autumn were required to reliably determine an autumn response curve. In addition, it was envisaged that as other trial data became available the reference curves could be upgraded (Clark et al 1985). 相似文献
17.
R.D. Jolly B.V.Sc. Ph.D. L.B. Fastier M.Sc. Ph.D. H.J.F. McAllum B.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):178-180
Abstract Extract Madam:—Out of season (autumn/winter) lambing is expanding in northern areas. These lambs need to grow at moderate rates through the late winter feed trough so they can fully utilise the spring flush to reach heavy weights before summer. Autumn-born lambs are likely to face high parasite roundworm challenge pre- and post-weaning. Strongyle faecal egg counts of autumn and spring-born lambs at weaning averaged 2000 and 400 eggs/g respectively (n=30) under an all-sheep, splitseason lambing policy near Kaikohe. (7) Roundworm infestation can also reduce selenium concentration in the liver. (2) Although Se level in pasture tends to be higher in autumn/winter than in spring/summer (l) this could be offset by lower pasture availability. Better winter growth rates have been recorded in weaned calves from a combination anthelmintic/selenium drench than from either of these alone. (5) 相似文献
18.
J. A. Cadwallader B.V.Sc. D.V.C.S. M.A.C.V.Sc. B.Sc. M. R. Alley B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(9):207-211
Abstract Extract Malignant hyperthermia is a rare and usually fatal complication of general anaesthesia. It occurs in man (Britt and Kalow, 1970) and in certain breeds of pigs, the, Landrace (Hall et al., 1966; Berman et at, 1970; Harrison et al., 1970) the Poland China (Jones et al., 1972), the Pietrain (Allen et al., 1970) and the Large White (Mawdesley-Thomas, 1969). 相似文献
19.
Abstract Extract Madam:-Langerhans cells (LC) are dendritic cells of bone marrow origin found above the basal cell layer of the epidermis and in mucous membranes. (9) They are the only epidermal cells that have Fc and C3b receptors (11) and express class II histocompatibility structures. (1) (5) These features suggest that LC are the epidermal equivalent of macrophages but the relationship between these two types of cells is uncertain. (9) LC are involved in the induction of contact hypersensitivity [CHS], (6) (7) (8) (10) their density determining whether CHS or immunological tolerance follows skin painting with haptens. (12) 相似文献
20.
C.M. Kelly B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):190-192
Abstract Extract Colitis X is a peracute, sporadic noncontagious disease affecting horses of all ages, characterized by sudden onset of shock, dehydration and foetid diarrhoea (Rooney et al., 1963; Pickrell, 1968). Rooney et al. (1966) have described a form of colitis X without diarrhoea. Otubreaks of the disease which affected numerous horses under the same conditions of management have been described (Rooney et al., 1963; W. P. C. Richards, pers. comm.). 相似文献