Age-dependent occurrence of the intestinal ciliate Balantidium coli in pigs at a Danish research farm

A cross sectional study of the prevalence and intensity of Balantidium coli in pigs was carried out on a Danish research farm. The prevalence of B. coli infection increased from 57% in suckling piglets to 100% in most pig groups > or = 4 weeks old. The mean number of cysts per gram faeces (CPG) of pigs aged 12 weeks and younger were < or = 206, whereas pigs aged 28 weeks and > 52 weeks had significantly higher counts of > or = 865 CPG. Although some lactating sows had very high CPG's, no significant differences in CPG could be detected between the intensities of pregnant sows, lactating sows and empty and dry sows. No human cases of B. coli infection have been published in Denmark though it is zoonotic.     

金华地区奶牛结肠小袋纤毛虫感染情况调查

为了解金华地区奶牛结肠小袋纤毛虫的感染情况,采用廖党金的方法通过对不同规模奶牛养殖场(户)中随机选择的215头奶牛粪便进行检测。结果显示金华地区奶牛结肠小袋纤毛虫场感染率达100%,奶牛平均感染率为63.26%,平均EPG值在96～442之间。其中青年牛的感染率为最高,达78.13%,在被调查的寄生虫阳性的青年牛中小袋纤毛虫为100%感染。结肠小袋纤毛虫已成为金华地区奶牛感染的优势虫种,应引起重视并进行针对性的驱虫治疗。     

结肠小袋纤毛虫体外药物急性毒杀试验

通过结肠小袋纤毛虫对甲硝唑、氟苯尼考和血虫净（三氮咪）的急性毒性试验,以机率单位法获得半数致死浓度（LC50）,结果显示：甲硝唑、氟苯尼考对结肠小袋纤毛虫2h的半数致死浓度（LC50,2h）分别是457．8mg／L,1705mg／L,12h的半数致死浓度（LC50,12h）分别是25．64mg／L、973．8mg／L。血虫净（三氮咪）12h和24h半数致死浓度（LC50）分别是331．8mg／L、295．4mg／L。甲硝唑是杀灭结肠小袋纤毛虫的理想药物。     

The prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in fifty-six mammalian species

A total of 375 fecal samples of 56 mammalian species belonging to 17 families of 4 orders were examined for the detection of Balantidium coli from December 1994 to August 1995. As a result, B. coli was found from 6 species belonging to 4 families of 2 orders (Primates and Artiodactyla) of host animals examined. White-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea) and Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) were new hosts for B. coli. All the wild boar (Sus scrofa) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) examined were positive. The highest number of B. coli was obtained from a chimpanzee (1,230/g feces). No B. coli was detected from the animals of orders Rodentia and Carnivora including dogs and cats. The rarity of B. coli infection in breeding animals in Japan. suggests that there is no serious problem in controlling infections.     

DMEM培养结肠小袋虫的正交试验

利用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了淀粉量、小牛血清比例和培养基初始pH 3个因素对结肠小袋虫在DMEM培养基中所获得的最高种群密度的影响。方差分析表明,初始pH影响最大,其次为淀粉量,血清比例影响最小。最佳培养基组成为淀粉40 mg/安瓿、血清150 mL/L(DMEM培养液2.55 mL+0.45 mL小牛血清),最适宜的DMEM培养基初始pH为7.0。     

四种中药对结肠小袋虫半数致死浓度的测定

利用机率单位法测定了常山、五倍子、乌梅和二花水提取物对结肠小袋虫的半数致死浓度.结果表明,常山、五倍子、乌梅和二花抗结肠小袋虫2h半数致死浓度(LC50)分别是13.40、12.22、19.02、43.34g/L;6 h的LC50分别是12.80、5.824、7.619、23.32 g/L;12 h的LC50分别是8....     

Familial occurrence of diprosopus in German Holstein calves

Diprosopus was diagnosed in six German Holstein calves born on different dairy farms. The degree of facial duplication varied from a partial doubling of the nostrils and upper jaw to complete duplication of the face with formation of two mouths, four eyes and four ears. Further calves descending from the same parents or dams and calves from the same farms were not affected. A joint pedigree was ascertained for the calves with diprosopus. Furthermore, a previously reported case of diprosopus could be traced back to the same ancestors of this pedigree. Consequently, we detected the first time a familial accumulation of diprosopus. Since the ancestors showed no signs of diprosopus and the frequency of diprosopus in German Holsteins is presumably low, an oligogenic inheritance is likely. Recessive genes or a combination of recessive and dominant genes may cause this anomaly.     

The occurrence of O-antigens of Escheria coli strains in calves suffering from diarrhea in the Eastern Bohemian Region

Coli infections in calves belong to the most serious diseases occurring in the early post-natal period and causing considerable losses to large cattle stocks. The calves affected by diarrhoea were studied as to the serological typification of E. coli. The total number of the calves examined was 1182. The examination yielded 2112 isolated strains. Twelve antisera made it possible to identify 569 strains, i. e. 26.94 %. O-antigens were found to occur with the following descending frequency: 015, 0139, 0117, 0141, 08, 0149, 09, 0101, 02, 0147, 078, and 0115. Although it is obvious that enteropathogenic strains of E. coli were not responsible for all cases of diarrhoea in the examined calves, the total set of animals was large enough to show which O-antigens could be involved in the diarrhoea in the calves kept on large cattle farms in the East Bohemian region.     

RPMI 1640培养基体外培养结肠小袋纤毛虫的研究

试验旨在建立结肠小袋纤毛虫RPMI 1640培养方法,为进一步研究其生活史及致病机制奠定基础。研究不同淀粉含量、不同血清含量、不同初始pH及不同接种量下RPMI 1640培养结肠小袋纤毛虫的培养效果。结果发现,用RPMI 1640培养结肠小袋纤毛虫,最适宜的淀粉含量为30 mg/安瓿,血清含量为20%,pH为7.0;种群自然增长率和种群所达到的最高种群密度随接种量的不同而明显改变。RPMI 1640培养基可用于结肠小袋纤毛虫的体外培养。     

十种药物对结肠小袋纤毛虫疗效的体外试验

本实验以结肠小袋纤毛虫在培养基中对十种药物的抵抗力的观察，结果表明，不同浓度的药物对结肠小袋纤毛虫影响不同，浓度大的影响也大，浓度小的影响则小。经实验证实，5％浓度的甲硝咪唑对结肠小袋纤毛虫的药效最佳，其次为5％浓度的呋喃唑酮，再次为5％浓度的新诺明，其余浓度的药物虽有影响，但不甚明显。十种药物对结肠小袋纤毛虫杀灭效果初筛结果依次为：甲硝咪唑、呋喃唑酮、新诺明、土霉素、左旋咪唑。     

The occurrence of helminths in calves from large capacity barns

In calves aged one to six months, housed in a large-capacity calf-house, helminths of the genera strongyloides, Chabertia, Bunostomum, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Nematodirus, Trichuris, Capillaria were detected. The presence of helminths in this calf-house has a seasonal nature, owing to the composition of the feed ration. The helminthofauna of calves, mainly to five- to six-month-old ones, was the same as in adult cattle on the farms from which the calves had been concentrated to the large-capacity calf-house.