The occurrence of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea,infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza 3 viruses in sera from New Zealand cattle

Abstract

Extract

Despite many viruses having been isolated from bovine respiratory and intestinal tracts, only those of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD), bovine parainfluenza 3 (PI 3) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR) have so far been associated with specific clinical complexes. Serological surveys have demonstrated the wide geographical distribution of all three viruses (Huck, 1962 Hack, R. A. 1962. Some recently isolated viruses from cattle. Vet. Bull., 32: 493–504.  [Google Scholar]; Paterson, 1962 Paterson, A. B. 1962. Virus diseases in calves. Vet. Rec., 74: 1384–1389.  [Google Scholar]; French and Snowdon, 1964 French, E. L. and Snowdon, W. A. 1964. Mucosal disease in Australian cattle. Aust. vet. J., 40: 99–105.  [Google Scholar]; Dawson and Darbyshire, 1964 Dawson, P. S. and Darbyshire, J. H. 1964. The occurrence and distribution in the United Kingdom of antibodies to parainfluenza 3 and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses in bovine sera. Vet. Rec., 76: 111–115.  [Google Scholar]), although so far only IBR has been confirmed as being present in New Zealand (Webster and Manktelow, 1959 Webster, R. G. and Manktelow, B. W. 1959. Some observations on bovine rhinotracheitis in New Zealand. N.Z. vet. J., 7: 143–148. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). However, in view of a previous outbreak of a mucosal-like disease (Salisbury etal., 1961 Salisbury, R. M., Hartley, W. J., Mcintosh, I. G., Hansen, N. F., Te Punga, W. A. and Jamieson, S. 1961. A mucosal disease-like syndrome of cattle in New Zealand. Bull. Off. int. Epiz., 56: 62–79.  [Google Scholar]) together with the frequent occurrence of upper respiratory tract symptoms, it seemed most unlikely that other members of this virus trio would be absent from cattle in this country.     

Microimmunodiffusion test for detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in bovine serum.

A microimmunodiffusion test (MIDT) specific for detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in bovine serum has been developed. The antigen used in the MIDT was prepared from IBR virus-infected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells grown in tissue culture. The antigen was stable, and relatively high yields were obtained readily. Results of the MIDT were obtained within 48 hours and agreed with those of the serum-neutralization test.     

The incidence of antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in Kenyan cattle.

A total of 3204 cattle sera, collected between 1966 and 1974, from all seven provinces and 34 of the 42 districts of Kenya were screened in a neutralisation test for antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Antibody to IBRV was found in some sera from all the districts, with cattle over two years old showing the highest incidence. A small number of goat sera also showed some antibody. From the results obtained it is concluded that IBRV infection is widespread in Kenyan cattle.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

以牛肾细胞系（MDBK）培养牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）Bartha Nu/67株,经超速离心纯化病毒,再经超声破碎处理后作为诊断抗原,建立了检测牛血清IBRV抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验.该ELISA的判定标准为：血清D490 nm值大于0.369的判为阳性,小于0.295的判为阴性,在0.295与0.369之间的为可疑.特异性和重复性试验结果表明,该方法特异性高、重复性好.与法国进口ELISA抗体诊断试剂盒比较,其符合率为96.3%;与中和试验比较,符合率为95.8%,且敏感性更高.应用该诊断方法调查了我国部分地区IBRV的感染情况,结果显示,这些地区的IBRV感染率为67.1%.     

In vitro induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus hyperimmune cattle

Cytotoxic lymphocytes against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV)-infected cells were induced by in vitro stimulation with IBRV antigen of peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from hyperimmune cattle. After one in vitro stimulation with IBRV, cytotoxicity was detected against IBRV-infected autologous target cells, but not against heterologous IBRV-infected or K562 target cells. After 4 in vitro IBRV stimulations at weekly intervals (in the presence of autologous feeder cells followed by interleukin 2 treatment at 2-day intervals), cytotoxicity was detected against autologous-, and to a lesser extent, heterologous-infected cells. Most cells in cytotoxic cultures were positive to a monoclonal antibody shown to react with bovine T lymphocytes.     

Enhancement of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis by modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine

The effects of a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine (administered ocularly or intranasally) on experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis were evaluated. The modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine was administered to 13 male Holstein calves (intranasally in 4 and ocularly in 9; day 0). Five calves were not vaccinated and served as controls. Calves were examined daily and, starting on day 4, Moraxella bovis was administered ocularly to all 18 calves once daily for 4 days. The eyes of all calves were assigned a clinical score, and the ocular secretions were evaluated for presence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and M bovis daily until day 19. The severity of the ocular lesions was estimated by scoring the lesions clinically and by determining the protein concentration, myeloperoxidase activity, and WBC count in the tears. By day 5, conjunctivitis, chemosis, and epiphora were observed in all of the calves vaccinated ocularly. The calves vaccinated intranasally developed conjunctival plaques, but did not develop chemosis or photophobia. All of the calves developed keratitis after inoculation with M bovis. The median lesion scores were greater in both groups of vaccinated calves than in the controls. Corneal perforations developed exclusively in the vaccinated calves. The frequency of M bovis isolation from ocular secretions was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in the vaccinated calves than in the controls. The tears from the intranasally vaccinated calves contained the highest myeloperoxidase activity and WBC count. The mean protein concentration in the tears of vaccinated calves was not significantly different from that in tears of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Prevalence of bovine virus diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis antibodies in Nigerian sheep and goats

Neutralising antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus were commoner in Nigerian sheep than goats while precipitating antibodies offered an alternative but less reliable indicator of previous infection. In contrast, neutralising antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were more common in goats than sheep. These findings are discussed in relation to infectivity rates in cattle and general husbandry practices.