山羊关节炎-脑炎研究进展

山羊关节炎-脑炎(Caprine arthritis encephalitis，CAE)是由反转录病毒科慢病毒属山羊关节炎脑炎病毒(CAEV)引起的山羊的慢性传染病。临床症状以山羊羔脑脊髓炎和成年山羊多发性关节炎、硬结性乳房炎以及间质性肺炎为特征。在未认识该病之前，对其说法不一。1964年Stunzi在瑞士称其为山羊慢性淋巴细胞性多发性关节炎；1969年Starrou在德国发现，称其为山羊肉芽肿性脑脊髓炎；1974年Cark等在美国报道为山羊病毒性白质脑脊髓炎。     

Caprine encephalomyelomalacia

Six cases of encephalomyelomalacia in dairy goats 3 1/2 to four months of age are described. Neurologic signs had an abrupt onset and passed rapidly from ataxia to paralysis. All goats were killed after six to ten days and had spinal cord and brain stem lesions--always more extensive and severe in the cord. The bilaterally symmetrical necrotic lesions were restricted to the ventral and intermediate gray substance in the cord and to certain brain stem nuclei. The spinal cord enlargements were affected especially.     

山羊关节炎-脑炎的研究现状

山羊关节炎-脑炎(Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis,CAE)是由山羊关节炎-脑炎病毒(Caprine Arthritis-Enceephalitis Virus,CAEV)引起的一组临床病症.临床出现以慢性持续性病症为特征的羔羊的急性脑脊髓炎,成年羊的关节炎、乳腺炎、慢性进行性肺炎和脑炎等[1].     

Caprine mycoplasmosis: an outbreak of mastitis and arthritis requiring the destruction of 700 goats

An acute outbreak of mastitis and arthritis in a herd of 700 goats required the destruction of all but the few animals that were held for observation. The milk of nearly all of about 400 lactating does contained almost pure cultures of Mycoplasma putrefaciens with counts in 150 samples up to 1 X 10(9) colony forming units/ml. At post mortem examination the joints of both the adults and kids contained a fibrinopurulent discharge. M putrefaciens was isolated in pure cultures and large numbers from joints, tissues and fluid not previously known to harbour this mycoplasma: brain, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes, uterus and urine. The outbreak was milkborne and initiated by infusion of the pathogen into the teat canal by poor hygiene in the milking parlour and by feeding raw colostrum to kids. All but 12 of the herd of 700 goats were killed or sold for slaughter.     

Caprine genital leiomyosarcoma

An aged Saanen doe was euthanized following repeated severe hemorrhage from the vulva. Necropsy examination revealed mural thickening of tubular genitalia with firm, protruding intralumenal masses containing blood-filled cavitations, and effacement of normal cervical architecture. Histologically, uterine and cervical masses comprised a variably dense population of mildly pleomorphic spindle cells forming interlacing streams supported by variably dense collagenous stroma. Immunoperoxidase staining of neoplastic cells was positive for muscle-specific actin, supporting the diagnosis of low-grade leiomyosarcoma. Months later, the doe's twin was likewise euthanized due to persistent bleeding from the vulva associated with a large vulvar mass having histopathologic features similar to those of the previous case. The clinical, gross, and histologic findings are similar to five cases of caprine genital leiomyosarcoma identified in retrospectively analyzed case material. Analysis of caprine tumor accessions over 20 years demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of genital leiomyosarcoma within the Saanen breed.     

Isolation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus from goats in Mexico.

A lentivirus was isolated from 2 goats in Mexico that were seropositive to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) by the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The lentivirus was identified as CAEV by the observation of giant multinucleated cells (syncytia) in goat synovial membrane (GSM) monolayers co-cultivated with blood mononuclear (BMN) cells from the seropositive goats, and by amplifying a DNA segment of the CAEV gag gene using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Subsequently, cell supernatants from the GSM cells co-cultivated with BMN cells were used to infect 2 CAEV-seronegative goats. These goats seroconverted to CAEV as determined by the AGID test, and CAEV was re-isolated from these goats. One of the goats developed polyarthritis 8 mo after inoculation. Previous serological surveys indicate that infection with CAEV is prevalent among goats in Mexico. To our knowledge this is the first report of CAEV isolation in Mexico. Because of globalization of markets and increased trading among nations, the rapid identification and reporting of diseases such as CAEV are important to prevent the dissemination of these diseases.     

山羊miRNA研究进展

miRNA作为一类内源性的,小型非编码RNA,通过其种子序列与靶基因互作,以序列特异性方式调控靶基因的表达,参与多种生理、生化和病理的过程。本文综述了近年来miRNA在山羊泌乳生理、肌肉生长和发育、毛囊皮肤发育和繁殖生理等方面的研究,为相关研究提供参考。     

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: clinicopathologic study

Chronic arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was observed after the introduction of new animals into a goat herd. There were high frequency of carpal hygroma and clinical signs of stiffness. The disease was progressive and produced a debilitating lameness among 30% of the affected animals. Laboratory findings were limited to alterations in synovial fluid which showed increased numbers of lymphocytes. Pathologic changes were observed in the joints, bursae, and adjacent tissues. Vascular injury and capillary leakage resulted in exudation into synovial cavities. Fibrin coated the synovial lining and formed (amorphous) long thread-like or broad-based villi. The articular cartilage was eroded. Cartilage erosion and penetration of the articular cartilage by pannus were associated with the presence of subchondral pseudocysts. The morphologic changes in bone and synovial tissues were like those described in human rheumatoid arthritis, except that rheumatoid nodules were not observed.     

山羊miRNA研究进展

miRNA作为一类内源性的,小型非编码RNA,通过其种子序列与靶基因互作,以序列特异性方式调控靶基因的表达,参与多种生理、生化和病理的过程.本文综述了近年来miRNA在山羊泌乳生理、肌肉生长和发育、毛囊皮肤发育和繁殖生理等方面的研究,为相关研究提供参考.     

Caprine beta-mannosidosis: phenotypic features

The clinical features of caprine beta-mannosidosis were evaluated in 10 newborn goats, one stillborn goat and one goat fetus. The phenotypic abnormalities observed in all 10 live affected animals included an inability to rise from a recumbent position, moderate to marked intention tremor, eye movements resembling pendular nystagmus, clinical deafness, bilateral Horner's syndrome, carpal contractures, pastern joint hyperextension, thickened skin and to a varying degree, a dome-shaped skull. Subjective evaluation suggested that most animals had a decreased muscle mass. Together, these characteristics represent a common phenotype which is expressed at birth in caprine beta-mannosidosis.     

The effect of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection on production in goats

Three consecutive years of monitoring 248 goats in the same flock, found that the first lactation milk yield was significantly higher in seronegative (578 L) than in seropositive (447 L) animals but this difference disappeared in the subsequent second to fourth lactations. No significant differences were found in the proportions of seronegative and seropositive does in the flock, the percentage of animals culled, the number of offspring, or in the number of cases of udder bacterial infection, irrespective of age.Removal of kids from their dams before suckling and the feeding of pasteurised colostrum resulted in reduced numbers of seropositive animals. Nevertheless, by approximately 24 months of age, 76.9% of these initially seronegative animals were seropositive, a factor that significantly contributed to flock seropositivity. This finding could be attributed to lateral virus transmission from seropositive to seronegative kids because of lack of segregation within the flock.     

Demonstration of Generalized Infection with Caprine Herpesvirus 1 Diagnosed in an Aborted Caprine Fetus by PCR

Veterinary Research Communications -     

山羊血淋巴结的解剖学观察

对山羊血淋巴结的输入和输出管道进行了追踪解剖学观察，发现所观察到的山羊血淋巴结位于淋巴循环的径路上，过滤的是含有红细胞的淋巴液而不是血液，所观察到的山羊血淋巴结就是淋巴结。     

An epidemic of caprine arthritis encephalitis in Japan: isolation of the virus

A disease characterized by arthritis of carpal joints and occasionally by pneumonia was seen among goats on a farm in Nagano prefecture of Japan in the summer of 2002. Serological investigation was done on 30 goats, that is one group on the farm by agar gel immunodiffusion tests using maedi-visna virus as the antigen, and 19 goats were positive. The caprine arthritis encephalitis virus genome was detected in peripheral blood leukocytes from several antibody-positive goats. Two goats among them were necropsied and used for pathological tests and virus isolation. The isolated virus was serially propagated in fetal lamb lung cell cultures. Goats inoculated with the culture fluid became antibody positive. These results suggested that a CAEV-infected goat had been introduced accidentally to the farm and that subclinical infection occurred among the flock.     

Presence of virus particles in neural cells of goats with caprine arthritis encephalitis

The possible neurotropism of ungulate lentivirus was examined in clinical cases. Brain and ganglion tissue samples were examined from six female goats with caprine arthritis encephalitis and from six healthy controls. Ultrastructural examination revealed typical cytoplasmic A type retrovirus particles in the neural tissue of the diseased does. None were seen in the respective controls. Furthermore, no budding or extracellular retrovirus particles were seen in any of the neural tissue samples examined.