An outbreak of spinal neuronopathy of goat kids in Fiji

A newly recognised caprine neuropathy is described in which goat kids developed rapidly progressive neurologic signs in association with widespread demyelination, spinal cord neuronal degeneration and active demyelination.     

An outbreak of avian malaria in captive yellowheads/mohua (Mohoua ochrocephala)

CASE HISTORY: Eight mohua, or yellowheads (Mohoua ochrocephala), were held in a large open aviary over the summer months of 2003–2004, following their capture for captivebreeding purposes. Two birds died of transportation trauma shortly after arrival, one became ill and died a month later, and another four died within a 2-week period in February 2004. The eighth bird also became ill at this time but survived for a year following treatment with chloroquine and doxycycline.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: The affected birds were depressed, lethargic and dyspnoeic. Necropsy of three birds showed a slightly pale and swollen liver and spleen. Impression smears of the liver of one bird revealed schizonts resembling Plasmodium spp. within the cytoplasm of many hepatocytes, which was confirmed histopathologically. Similar protozoal organisms were seen within splenic histiocytes and pulmonary endothelial cells of 5/6 birds. Electron microscopy identified these as protozoal schizonts containing merozoites of similar size and structure to those of Plasmodium spp.

DIAGNOSIS: The birds were infected with a protozoal haemoparasite resembling Plasmodium spp.; asexual stages within hepatocytes and endothelial cells of the lung and spleen were typical of this organism.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mohua captured from west Otago were highly susceptible to avian malaria as they came from an isolated population that was likely to be naïve and have had no previous contact with this organism. The birds were probably infected by bites from mosquitoes feeding off local populations of blackbirds subsequently found to be infected with Plasmodium spp.     

RT-PCR快速诊断禽流感

根据禽流感病毒ＮＰ基因的序列分析结果,设计了一对ＮＰ基因特异的引物。采用该对引物,不经病毒分离,直接从禽流感病毒感染鸡的气管、泄殖腔棉拭子和组织样品中提取核酸, ＲＴ～ＰＣＲ可以扩增出 ３２６ｂｐ的 ＮＰ基因片段。采用该技术对１４个亚型禽流感病毒标准参考株,４个亚型１２株国内分离野毒株,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测的结果都呈阳性;对新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒以及减蛋综合症病毒,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增结果都呈阴性。禽流感病毒 Ａ／Ｇｏｏｓｅ／Ｇｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇ（Ｈ５Ｎ１）和 Ａ／Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ　Ｓｔａｒｌｉｎｇ／Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ（Ｈ７Ｎ１）实验感染鸡样品 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测与鸡胚病毒分离阳性率分别为３４／４２、３２／４２; ２４／５５、２４／５５, 二者符合率大于９５％。 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ最少可检测到１０ｐｇ的病毒核酸。对山东某地发病鸡场样品进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测,只用６个小时就可得出准确的诊断结果,证明ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测方法敏感特异,可用于禽流感的快速诊断。     

Effect of sampling site on the diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in dogs using polymerase chain reaction

BackgroundAccurate diagnosis is imperative in dogs with clinical signs of parvovirus infection (CPV‐2).ObjectivesTo assess quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) for the diagnosis of CPV‐2 infection, and determine the optimal sampling site. Secondarily, to compare qRT‐PCR with a point‐of‐care PCR kit (PCRun), and to assess sensitivity of serology for CPV diagnosis.AnimalsSixty dogs with naturally acquired parvovirus infection, 44 unvaccinated puppies, of which 16 were followed after first and second vaccination, 15 adult dogs, of which 10 were followed also after a booster vaccine, and 9 dogs with distemper virus infection.MethodsProspective study. Samples from the rectum, blood, and pharynx were obtained for PCR.ResultsAll dogs with a clinical diagnosis of parvovirus infection were positive by qRT‐PCR in at least 1 sampling site (ie, rectum, blood, pharynx), and 50 (83%) of 60 were positive in all sites. qRT‐PCR was negative in 67 (99%) of 68 healthy puppies (before‐vaccination), puppies with distemper, and healthy adult dogs. Ten days after initial vaccination of puppies, 62% (fecal), 31% (blood), and 12% (pharyngeal) of samples were positive for CPV‐2 on qRT‐PCR. The proportion of positive pharyngeal samples decreased 20 days after vaccination and all sites were negative 12‐28 days after second vaccination. Vaccinated adults were negative before and after booster vaccination.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMolecular detection of CPV is sensitive, but specificity is hampered temporarily during the vaccination period. Blood, feces, and pharynx are suitable sampling sites. Fecal samples had the lowest sensitivity in sick dogs and highest positivity in puppies after vaccination.     

Application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in veterinary diagnostic virology

The polymerase chain reaction has become an important diagnostic tool for the veterinary virologist. Conventional methods for detecting viral diseases can be laborious or ineffective. In many cases PCR can provide a rapid and accurate test. In this article we explain the basic principles of PCR and supply a reference list of its uses in diagnostic veterinary virology.Abbreviations BLV bovine leukaemia virus - BVDV bovine viral diarrhoea virus - DNA deoxyribonucleic acid - ds double-stranded - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - PCR polymerase chain reaction - RNA ribonucleic acid - ss single-stranded - TK thymidine kinase     

PCR及相关技术在鸡球虫种株鉴别方面的应用

鸡球虫病是危害养禽业的重大疫病之一,其病原属于艾美耳属(Eimeria)的球虫,世界上公认有7种。过去,其病原的鉴别一直是研究的难点。近年来,由于分子生物学技术,尤其是PCR及其相关技术的迅猛发展及在寄生虫分类中的应用,鸡球虫种、株鉴别方法也由以形态特征和生活史等为标准的传统分类学进入了以核酸为材料的现代分子分类学时代。文章对PCR及其相关技术在鸡球虫种、株鉴别方面的应用做了较为全面的阐述,并分析了其优缺点。     

J-亚群禽白血病病毒中国广东野毒株的分离与鉴定

通过接种鸡胚成纤维细胞、间接荧光抗体试验(IFA)和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)从疑似J-亚群白血病的病鸡中,分离鉴定出J-亚群白血病病毒。抗J-亚群白血病病毒gp85单克隆抗体JE9的IFA试验和PCR试验均证明病鸡被J-亚群白血病病毒感染。     

应用PCR技术检测鹅细小病毒

根据鹅细小病毒GPVH1株结构蛋白VP1与VP3编码基因非重叠核苷酸序列设计了一对引物GPR1 /GPR2 ,用这对引物对感染器官内的GPR和接种鹅胚增殖的GPV进行PCR扩增 ,其结果引物GRP1 /GPR2能特异性地扩增GPVVP1 VP3区段核苷酸序列 ,扩增出与设计核苷酸片段大小相符的 0 6kb的序列 ,而对照的鹅副粘病毒cDNA及鸭瘟病毒 (DPR)DNA对照组均出现阴性结果。     

安徽部分地区猪伪狂犬病PCR诊断及流行病学调查

针对安徽省部分地区猪伪狂犬病发病率较高,给全省的养猪业造成较大危害的状况,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对安徽省7个地区21个养猪场的187头疑似发病猪的血清进行伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的检测,并对阳性猪的流行病学分布情况进行统计分析。结果显示,安徽省猪PRV平均阳性率为34.2%;其中安徽省南部地区PRV阳性率最高,北部地区最低,规模养殖场PRV阳性率明显低于散养户,其结果为安徽省猪伪狂犬病流行病学调查及防控提供参考资料。     

动物产品中牛、羊源性成分多重PCR检测方法的建立

以肉骨粉、鱼粉、猪肉干和鱼肉干为研究对象,异硫氰酸胍法提取总DNA,18S rDNA片段的扩增结果表明提取到的DNA中不存在抑制PCR的物质。应用梯度PCR技术对牛、羊源性成分检测的退火温度进行了优化,在单一PCR检测技术的基础上分别进行了18S rDNA片段和牛、羊源性成分的多重PCR分析,得到了预期的结果。试验表明,本文建立的多重PCR方法具有快速、简便、准确等特点,对动物产品牛、羊源性成分检测具有重要意义。     

Investigation of parrot papillomavirus in cloacal and oral papillomas of psittacine birds

Cloacal and oral papillomas from 27 psittacine birds of various species were examined for the presence of parrot papillomavirus by DNA in situ hybridization, DNA in situ polymerase chain reaction, and nested polymerase chain reaction. Parrot papillomavirus was detected in one oral papilloma from an African grey parrot by all three techniques. In addition, rare basophilic intranuclear inclusions were observed by light microscopy in tissue sections of the oral papilloma from this parrot. The remaining lesions were negative for parrot papillomavirus DNA. This study suggests that parrot papillomavirus may be involved in the development of papillomas in African grey parrots, but apparently is not responsible for development of similar lesions in unrelated species of psittacine birds.     

绵羊肺腺瘤PCR诊断方法的建立及应用

利用特异性PCR方法实现对绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(OPAV)快速精确诊断和病毒类型的分析.参照GenBank中公布的外源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒基因序列,针对病毒env基因YXXM基序设计了特异性PCR引物,建立了特异性PCR检测方法.成功扩增出病毒囊膜基因(env)多变区序列片段(ST)通过序列比对确定病毒类型.此方法操作简便,可用...     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌PCR快速检测方法的建立

在鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白保守区设计了一对特异性引物,建立PCR方法,对5株已知血清型的鸭疫里默氏杆菌纯培养菌和6株临床分离未定型的里默氏杆菌菌株以及病死鸭病料组织进行检测,结果表明不同样品都可扩增出592bp的特异目的条带,而对鸭源大肠杆菌、鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌、鸭源沙门氏菌的扩增结果均为阴性,说明该PCR法具有较好的特异性,可用于快速鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌,也适用于病料的直接检测.     

PCR制备地高辛标记的探针检测禽流感病毒核酸

用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术,制备了广东禽流感无致病力分离株A/goose/China/24/96(H7N3）核蛋白基因片段（NPc）的地高辛标记的cDNA探针。建立并优化了检测禽流感病毒核酸的探针杂交法,探针杂交法能鉴别出非免疫鸡胚和SPF鸡胚尿囊液中的病毒,攻毒后第3天的SPF和非免疫鸡泄殖腔拭子中AIV的最大检出率为1/10,对临床样品中的AIV的最大检出率为1/7,而直接HA和HI法及AGP试验检不出临床样品的AIV。该探针具有较好的特异性和敏感性,为从分子水平探讨AIV的发病机理、临床早期快速诊断提供了新的研究手段。     

GPV野毒株的分离及PCR检测方法的应用

在本实验中，用根据CPVHI标准毒核苷酸VP1-VP3和VP3两个区段基因序列设计的2特异性引物CRP1/CRP2和CF1/CF2，用该2对引物对从鹅细小病毒野毒感染的病鹅分离的GPV野毒株进行PCR检波，结果2对引物CRP1/CRP2和CF1/CF2，均能特异性地扩增出与预期片段大小相符的0.6bp和1.6bp两个片段，回归试验的结果表明，该CFV野毒株的感染潜伏期为8d，病程为1～3d，致死率达100%。     

PCR-DGGE实验技术在畜牧科学研究中的应用

本文综述了以变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)为主要手段结合聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)实验技术的基本原理、主要实验流程,优缺点以及它在畜禽肠道等微生物的群落结构和多样性研究的最新动态。     

Use of live oocyst vaccine in the control of turkey coccidiosis: Effect on performance and intestinal morphology

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different coccidiosis-preventing programs on performance and intestinal morphology of commercial turkeys. Three hundred fifteen1-d-old female commercial cross turkey poults (British United Turkeys, BUT Big 9) were distributed into 3 treatments with 5 replicates of 21 birds each. Three programs were evaluated from 1 to 70 d of age, where program 1 had no anticoccidial drug and no vaccination against coccidiosis; program 2 had an anticoccidial drug (maduramycin 1%, 5 ppm); and program 3 had a vaccination (commercial vaccine, 4 species of Eimeria). All the groups were challenged with a dose of oocysts sporulated (20,000/bird) of 2 species of Eimeria at 21 d of age. In the growing phase (d 0–28), BW, BW gain, and FCR were significantly greater in treated groups compared with control group. In the fattening phase, the performance was not affected by treatments. Treatments and coccidiosis challenge had no significant effects on intestinal villus height. These observations support other reports that confirm live oocyst vaccination can be used effectively as a preventive against avian coccidiosis in commercially reared turkeys.     

PCR技术在鼠金黄色葡萄球菌检测中的初步研究

根据已公布的金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶nuc基因的序列 ,设计并合成一对特异性的引物 ,利用PCR技术扩增nuc基因片段。对金黄色葡萄球菌和其他非金黄色葡萄球菌菌株抽提的DNA进行扩增。结果金黄色葡萄球菌PCR产物出现 6 6 8bp的特异性DNA扩增片段 ,而其他非金黄色葡萄球菌未出现扩增片段 ,证实了合成的引物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有特异性。将抽提的金黄色葡萄球菌DNA进行系列稀释 ,测定此PCR体系的敏感性。结果显示 ,该PCR体系能检出 3pg金黄色葡萄球菌DNA ,且从抽提DNA到PCR扩增及电泳结束仅需 4h。因此 ,研究所建立的扩增耐热核酸酶nuc基因检测鼠金黄色葡萄球菌的PCR方法 ,具有快速、可靠、敏感和特异的特点 ,可用于临床样品和金黄色葡萄球菌感染时的检测 ,适合应用于实验大小鼠的监测     

PCR技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌的应用研究

用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌,对已知被沙门氏菌污染的动物饲料培养物均能检出阳性,说明本方法对检测饲料中沙门氏菌具有特异性高、灵敏、快速等特点,适用于快速、准确地检测饲料中沙门氏菌的需要。