Molybdenum and animal health in New Zealand

Extract

Molybdenum is the most recent addition to the group of trace elements that are important in agriculture. In New Zealand it has a special importance, for here it has great possibilities for doing good to animal production, and almost equal possibilities for doing harm. The good comes from improved pasture and crop yields when molybdates are used as fertilizers for deficient soils. The harm is due to stock poisoning by excess molybdenum already present in some pastures or getting there through careless use of molybdate fertilizers.     

从澳大利亚、新西兰畜牧业看——黔南农业结构调整的着力点

种草养畜是西部大开发生态治理和调整农业产业结构的重要内容 ,受到党中央、各级政府和有关部门的高度重视。为配合西部大开发 ,国家外专局组织云、贵、川、鄂四省草地专家、技术干部 ,赴世界上畜牧业较发达的国家澳大利亚、新西兰进行种草养畜技术考察和培训 ,二国畜牧业发展中的先进技术和管理经验值得借鉴。笔者就黔南地区种草养畜技术问题和对草地畜牧业系统工程管理等课题提出建议。1　 澳大利亚、新西兰畜牧业的六大模式澳大利亚面积 76 8万ｋｍ2 ,人口 1830万 ,是世界上人口密度最为稀少的国家之一 ,每平方公里不足 3人。新西兰陆地…     

澳大利亚、新西兰草地畜牧业考察报告

对澳大利亚、新西兰的草地畜牧业进行了考察.针对我国实际情况,对发展草地畜牧业提出了建议.     

澳大利亚、新西兰草地畜牧业考察报告

对澳大利亚、新西兰的草地畜牧业进行了考察。针对我国实际情况 ,对发展草地畜牧业提出了建议。     

Neospora caninum infections in Australia and New Zealand

OBJECTIVE: To review the current state of knowledge of Neospora caninum infections with particular reference to Australia and New Zealand. PROCEDURE: Several databases were searched electronically including Medline, Current Contents, Vet CD using several key words (Neospora caninum, neosporosis, abortion, cattle, dogs) and authors names. References in original articles were also traced and use made of the author's own original research in the field. CONCLUSION: N caninum is recognised worldwide and is also widespread, in particular in dairy cattle, in Australia and New Zealand. It has been reported in both countries retrospectively (in dogs) from the early 1970s. Abortion storms in dairy herds appear to be the most common feature. Recent reports indicate that the dog is the definitive host, in which the sexual cycle is completed. Further studies are however required to establish important aspects of the epidemiology, such as mode of transmission. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the most effective control strategy is selective culling of infected animals and the prevention of access of dogs to expelled placentas and foetuses and, possibly, to raw beef.     

Accreditation of veterinary schools in Australia and New Zealand

Veterinary schools in Australia and New Zealand are assessed for accreditation purposes every six years by the Veterinary Schools Accreditation Advisory Committee (VSAAC), which is a standing committee of the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council (AVBC).1 Prior to undertaking an assessment, VSAAC requests a Self Evaluation Report from the school and subsequently spends a week on site to collect additional information. The committee also takes into consideration other quality assurance procedures within the university and aims for a process that complements other evaluation activities. Internal evaluation procedures within VSAAC are designed to reflect the process and outcomes of each visit and lead to annual revisions of the publication Policies, Procedures and Guidelines publication. The committee has close links with the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS), and there is a routine exchange of observers on all visits in the United Kingdom and Australasia. In recent years VSAAC has become increasingly interested in looking at ways to place greater emphasis on the outcomes of veterinary education and, eventually, to reduce our reliance on input measures. There has been good progress in identifying desirable attributes for veterinary graduates, but further work is needed to establish the reliability of assessment procedures. The Australasian accreditation system is very supportive of recent moves to achieve greater compatibility of veterinary accreditation systems in different parts of the world because we believe it has the potential to assist globalization of animal disease control and veterinary education.     

The incidence of strongyle nematodes in sheep viscera received at animal health laboratories in New Zealand

Extract

Although the economic importance of mixed strongly infections in sheep in New Zealand appears to be generally recognized, little is known of the incidence and geographic distribution of the various constituent species.     

据预测澳大利亚和新西兰家禽产量将持续增长

澳大利亚和新西兰是泛太平洋地区最大的两个国家。两国的家禽产量数一数二。当前,产业整合是大趋势,肉蛋消费量也在增加。然而,肉蛋产品的价格处于压力下。动物福利越来越受重视。     

Re: Advances in animal welfare in New Zealand

Extract

The review article which appeared in the Jubilee Issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal (Stafford et al 2002) provided a good summary of recent research into the animal suffering associated with normal farming practices and pest control. In many cases, such research has been helpful in making improvements to animal welfare regulations, and the knowledge gained may prove even more useful in making further beneficial changes during the current submission round on codes of ethical conduct.     

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in ovine case submissions to animal health laboratories in New Zealand in 1993

An analysis was undertaken of 177 veterinary diagnostic case submissions to two North Island and two South Island animal health laboratories for faecal egg count reduction testing in sheep during 1993 to provide some comparative data on the frequency of occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. The results suggest that resistance to anthelmintics in sheep nematodes may be more common in the South Island than the North. In both instances this mainly involved resistance to a single drench type, the benzimidazoles. The data indicated a frequency of occurrence of resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics of 61 and 72%, to levamisole-type anthelmintics of 29 and 29% and to benzimidazole-levamisole combinations of 11 and 22% for submissions to North and South Island laboratories, respectively. In submissions from the South Island, resistance to benzimidazoles involved infections of Nematodirus spp. alone much more frequently than those from the North.     

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in ovine case submissions to animal health laboratories in New Zealand in 1993

An analysis was undertaken of 177 veterinary diagnostic case submissions to two North Island and two South Island animal health laboratories for faecal egg count reduction testing in sheep during 1993 to provide some comparative data on the frequency of occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. The results suggest that resistance to anthelmintics in sheep nematodes may be more common in the South Island than the North. In both instances this mainly involved resistance to a single drench type, the benzimidazoles. The data indicated a frequency of occurrence of resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics of 61 and 72%, to levamisole-type anthelmintics of 29 and 29% and to benzimidazole-levamisole combinations of 11 and 22% for submissions to North and South Island laboratories, respectively. In submissions from the South Island, resistance to benzimidazoles involved infections of Nematodirus spp. alone much more frequently than those from the North.     

Case clusters of leproid granulomas in foxhounds in New Zealand and Australia

Background – Canine leproid granuloma (CLG) characteristically presents as single to multiple circumscribed dermal to subcutaneous nodules in haired skin. An unidentified mycobacterium is considered be the aetiological agent of this entity. Animals – Several cases of canine leproid granulomas occurred in dogs in New Zealand during 2010 and 2011. Cases appeared in clusters, affecting multiple closely related foxhounds domiciled in the same kennels. All affected hounds recovered after topical and/or systemic antimicrobial therapy. Two similar outbreaks that occurred in foxhounds near Melbourne, Australia are also reported. Methods – Cases were investigated using cytological, histological, microbiological and several molecular techniques. An environmental epidemiological study was also performed. Results – A diagnosis of CLG was established in 11 dogs. Molecular identification of the causative agent confirmed that it was a mycobacterial species with 100% sequence homology within the amplified regions of the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) with that found in association with similar infections from the USA, Brazil and Australia. Conclusion and clinical importance – This report details the first occurrence of multiple cases of CLG occurring in in‐contact dogs and the first proven case of CLG in dogs in New Zealand.     

Some Arthropods Affecting Man and Livestock in New Zealand

Extract

At present, the standard tuberculin test used in New Zealand is the subcaudal intradermal test using 0·1 ml Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Synthetic Medium tuberculin, animals being classified as positive or negative to the test on the presence or absence of any swelling either visible or palpable at the site of the injection at the 96th hour.     

Some aspects of epididymitis of rams in New Zealand

Fifty four randomly selected farms, located throughout the North Island and the Nelson region of South Island, were surveyed for anthelmintic usage and for sheep nematodes resistant to anthelmintics.

Information on anthelmintic usage was recorded on a standardized questionnaire.

Most fanners had used both benzimidazole and non- benzimidazole broad spectrum drenches on their properties in previous years.

Sheep were being drenched, on average, 7 times within their first year of life but much less frequently thereafter. Commercial interests played the dominant role in helping farmers formulate their drenching policies.

On each farm 24 numbered ewe replacement lambs were sampled for faeces at the beginning of the trial to provide material for egg counts and larval cultures. The lambs were weighed and divided into three groups of eight. One group received thiabendazole (TBZ) at 66 mg/kg, the second levamisole (LEV) at 8mg/kg while the third remained untreated as controls. All were resampled 4 to 10 days later.

On 37 farms (74%) the faecal egg count depression (FECD) following treatment with either drench was 100%. On 7 farms TBZ was less than 100% effective as gauged by FECD. Of these 6 had an FECD above 90% and one below. LEV proved to be less than 100% effective on 8 farms. Of these 5 had FECDs greater than 90% and 3 FECDs less than 90%. Only two farms had lambs with an FECD below 100% for both LEV and TBZ.

Preliminary evidence based on larval cultures suggests that those surviving the TBZ treatment were chiefly Haemonchus and those surviving LEV Trichostrongylus spp. One population of Haemonchus resistant to TBZ has been identified by the egg-hatch technique.     

澳大利亚新西兰畜牧业考察随笔

种草养畜作为西部大开发生态治理和调整农业产业结构的重要内容,受到中央,各级政府和有关部门的高度重视.为配合西部大开发,让畜牧战线人士了解国外种草养畜的先进技术,更好地开展退耕还林还草工作,有效加快地方畜牧业发展.国家外专局特地组织云、贵、川、鄂四省草地技干和专家共26人,于2000年11月赴澳大利亚、新西兰进行为期28天的种草养畜技术培训和考查.现将本次考查情况和个人体会汇报如下,供广大畜牧工作者参考.