Some aspects of the epidemiology of equine salmonellosis

A survey of 2 horse populations was done to detect the number of asymptomatic faecal excretors of Salmonella sp. 1201 faecal samples from 250 horses hospitalised at the University of Sydney were cultured. Three serotypes, S. typhimurium (4 horses), S. anatum (2) and S. tennessee (1) were isolated from 7 horses (2.8%). None was detected in 75 mares similarly examined at a thoroughbred stud farm. In retrospect, S. typhimurium was also the most common (70%) of the 19 serotypes recovered from 171 horses with clinical salmonellosis seen at Camden, 1969 to 1986. Forty cases occurring since 1983 were reviewed in detail; the mortality rate was high (60%) and an increased proportion was due to S. bovis-morbificans. Five horses developed salmonellosis while hospitalised and it was usually impossible to be certain whether these cases developed from the carrier state into overt disease or resulted from infections acquired in hospital.     

Eidemiological aspects of an outbreak of salmonellosis in sheep.

An outbreak of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella typhimurium occurred in a lambing flock where management factors and fostering movements were responsible for spread within the group and to farm personnel and their families. Possible sources of the infection are discussed.     

本地毛形线虫49 ku ES重组蛋白诱发小鼠保护性免疫的研究

目的研究本地毛形线虫肌幼虫49ku ES重组蛋白对小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法以表达的本地毛形线虫肌幼虫49ku ES重组蛋白免疫小鼠,共免疫3次。末次免疫后10d,每只小鼠攻击感染200条本地毛形线虫感染性肌幼虫,检测本地毛形线虫7日龄成虫数、雌虫体外产新生幼虫数以及感染35d肌幼虫数,并且计算减虫率,应用自制的ELISA方法测定各组小鼠血清抗体OD值。结果成虫减虫率、新生幼虫减虫率、肌幼虫减虫率分别为9.4%、70.2%和71.3%,免疫组血清抗体水平远远高于佐剂对照组和感染对照组（P〈0.01）。结论本地毛形线虫肌幼虫49ku ES重组蛋白诱导小鼠产生较好的抗本地毛形线虫的保护性免疫。     

Microbial immunological and toxicological aspects of canine pyometra

There is agreement that uterine infection is necessary for the development of the varied picture of clinical pyometra which includes changes in the kidneys and other organs (Børresen 1975). Some important clinical manifestations of the pyometra syndrome have been explained in terms of an endotoxinaemia (Asheim 1964, Schalm 1965).     

沙葱中黄酮类化合物对小鼠非特异性免疫机能影响的研究

通过分离纯化沙葱中的黄酮类化合物,以昆明种小白鼠为动物模型,研究饲喂沙葱黄酮对小鼠非特异性免疫机能的影响。试验应用纯昆明种小白鼠480只,体重(20±2)g,随机分为4组,每组120只(雌雄各半),分笼饲养。第1组为对照组,第2组为添加75.36mg(/kgBW·d)沙葱组,第3组为添加75.36mg(/kgBW·d)75%乙醇提取的沙葱总黄酮粗提物组,根据预试验的结果第4组为添加75.36mg(/kgBW·d)30%乙醇洗脱纯化后沙葱黄酮添加组,预饲期5d,正式试验期14d,正式试验期内2次宰杀采血并分离血清,剖离肝脏、胸腺和脾脏称重。试验结果显示,试验各组的脾脏指数高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05),沙葱黄酮纯化组胸腺指数显著高于其它各组(P0.05);沙葱黄酮纯化组的血清ACP含量显著高于其它各组(P0.05),试验各组肝脏ACP含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验各组碳廓清指数高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05),沙葱黄酮纯化组的吞噬指数、血清溶菌酶含量显著高于其它各组(P0.05)。沙葱黄酮纯化组能提高免疫器官指数、血液和肝脏的ACP和溶菌酶的含量,从而增强吞噬细胞消化和降解异物的能力,并且沙葱黄酮纯化组能显著提高小鼠的碳廓清指数(κ)和吞噬系数(α),因此,沙葱黄酮在增强机体非特异性免疫机能方面发挥着重要作用。     

Studies of infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines: immunity in broilers

Broiler chickens were vaccinated at 18 days of age against infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) using chicken-embryo-origin (CEO) and tissue-culture-origin (TCO) vaccines, each vaccine given either by drinking water, spray, or eyedrop. Controls were not vaccinated. The broilers were challenged 3 weeks later with virulent ILT virus (USDA challenge strain). Serum samples taken before challenge were analyzed by a virus neutralization (VN) test to determine titers due to vaccination. Both vaccines, regardless of route of administration, produced low VN titers, geometric mean titer (GMT) being less than 4.0 in all vaccinated groups. When administered by the same route, the CEO vaccine produced higher titers than the TCO vaccine. Titers following drinking-water or eyedrop administration of vaccines were higher than titers following spray vaccination. There was an inverse relationship between pre-challenge VN titers of groups of birds and the percentage of birds in the groups dying from ILT virus challenge. The drinking-water route of vaccination provided the most protection, while the spray provided the least.     

Studies of infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines: immunity in layers

Ten-week-old layer chickens obtained from a commercial source were eye-drop vaccinated with chicken-embryo-origin (CEO) or tissue-culture-origin (TCO) vaccines for infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). Controls were not vaccinated. Approximately one-third of the layers were challenged with virulent ILT virus at 21, 40, or 60 weeks of age. Serum samples taken from the layers before challenge were used in a virus neutralization (VN) test to determine vaccination titers at those three ages. Both vaccines induced low VN titers (geometric mean titer [GMT] less than 6). At 21 weeks of age, the titers produced by the two vaccines were not significantly different, but at 40 and 60 weeks of age the VN GMT of the CEO-vaccinated group was significantly greater than that of the TCO-vaccinated group. The VN GMTs did not drop over time in either group and actually rose between 21 and 60 weeks of age in the CEO group. Both vaccines protected layers against severe challenge with virulent ILT virus, neither being significantly better than the other under these experimental conditions. Unvaccinated sentinel chickens were maintained in contact with the vaccinated layers during three intervals between 1 day and 6 weeks post-vaccination. Diagnostic tests performed on the sentinels to detect lateral spread of vaccine virus from vaccinated to unvaccinated chickens showed scattered positive results.     

芪苓制剂对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

芪苓制剂为自拟方，由黄芪、茯苓等组成。近代药理研究证明，黄芪多糖和黄芪甲苷是黄芪的主要有效成分，单味或复方黄芪作为畜禽饲料添加剂具有促进生长、提高饲料报酬、预防和治疗畜禽疾病等功效。茯苓中的茯苓多糖对细胞免疫和体液免疫都有促进作用。以芪苓制剂为基本方研制成的中药饲料添加剂，能明显提高仔猪的生长性能和免疫功能。笔者等通过研究芪苓制剂对CY所致免疫抑制小鼠血清免疫指标的影响，探讨芪苓制剂对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的作用，为芪苓制剂的临床推广提供科学依据.