Pet markets: permits and surveillance

When pets are sold on pet markets there are frequently situations that are not consistent with the laws concerned with animal welfare. Animals are not packed properly, tropical animals needing certain temperatures are sold outdoors under unsuitable weather conditions, animals are kept and transported in unsuitable containers, shy animals not used to market conditions or sick animals are being offered. Different possibilities to guarantee proper conditions for the animals are being described involving the organizer as well as the local veterinary authority surveying the market. Possible executive measures are presented.     

秋季中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）工蜂有分泌活性的舌腺和无分泌活性的舌腺的超微结构比较

对秋季中华蜜蜂工蜂有分泌活性舌腺（９日龄）和无分泌活性的舌腺（采集蜂）的超微结构进行了观察和比较，发现二者的舌腺细胞的超微结构存在着差异。９日龄工蜂舌腺处在分泌活性状态。细胞核发达，多突起；粗面内质网发达，成平行状排列；胞内管、胞外管中都充满电子致密度均匀的物质，即王浆物质；有大量的分泌块；线粒体内嵴排列紧密，呈板层状。而采集蜂舌腺处在无分泌活性状态。核周边异染色质增多；粗面内质网不太发达，多呈泡状；胞内管中物质为一些不均匀的电子致密度大的粗颗粒物质；胞外管中只有少量水样物质；线粒体内嵴间隙相对变大，多发现内嵴间隙呈管泡状。     

Cytology of subcutaneous glandular tissues.

This article deals with the cytologic appearance of various glandular tissues located in the subcutaneous tissues. Normal cytologic features are described. In addition, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and hyperplastic changes are discussed. Most of these features are depicted in the 60+ photomicrographs that are distributed throughout the article. Many of the changes are similar in the glands, and it is usually possible to differentiate the gland of origin based on cytologic appearances. Subcutaneous neoplasms that are not associated with a subcutaneous gland, and lymph node cytology are not covered in this article but are addressed elsewhere.     

热激蛋白在动物应激中的应用

热应激蛋白(HSPs)存在于所有动物细胞中，是动物受到应激原刺激后诱导产生的一组应激蛋白，与机体的应激关系密切，在进化上高度保守。本文在对HSP发现、分类及功能简要介绍的基础上，对HSP70在动物应激中的作用及其调控机制进行了详细的综述，指出HSP将对阐明动物应激机理有重要的意义。     

河北省天然草地禾本科植物资源与开发利用

对河北省天然草地禾本科植物进行了调查统计。结果表明,共有７３属１６２种上了沉重的饲用植物５０属７７种,优良牧草２９属５０种,主要草坪植物１０余种,具药用等用途的２０余种。根据调查结果,对资源的合理开发利用提出了几点建议。     

A review of multidrug resistant surgical site infections.

Surgical site infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials are an important and increasing problem in veterinary medicine. Organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae and multi-drug resistant Enterococcus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. are among the current concerns; however, the emergence and dissemination of other multi-drug resistant organisms will likely follow. Despite the negative connotations that are associated with multi-drug resistant infections, most infections are potentially treatable if basic principles of infection treatment and infection control are followed.     

Long-established and emerging pesticide poisoning in horses

Poisoning is a frequent problem in domestic animals. Horses are the third most commonly affected species and pesticides are one of the main causes of toxicosis. Here within are reviewed the most frequent toxicoses where it emerges that the main causes are misuse and accidental exposure. Rodenticides, acetylcholinesterase insecticides followed by herbicides are the main cause of toxicosis and effects of emerging chemicals are being reported. Metaldehyde is still a problem, together with methiocarb. No information has been reported on poisoning with pesticide mixtures.     

犊牛磺胺中毒的病理形态学观察

为了解犊牛磺胺中毒的病理形态学变化特点,对2头因磺胺中毒而死亡的犊牛进行了详细的病理学研究.结果表明,犊牛磺胺中毒的病理性损伤主要发生于肾脏和肝脏.宏观检查可见,肾脏肿胀,色泽变淡,皮质增宽,肾盂有多量豆腐渣样物质.肝脏肿胀,淡橘红色,质地脆易碎.微观检查可见,近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀,核浓缩,染色不良,大量上皮细胞脱落....     

Veterinary aspects of salmonid fish farming: husbandry diseases.

Most disease problems affecting farmed salmonid fish are either caused or exacerbated by bad husbandry and poor environmental conditions. The aspects of water quality and nutrition which are significant in causing husbandry problems are considered. The clinical aspects of these diseases are decribed in terms of the life cycle of salmonids, and methods of prevention are discussed.     

太湖鹅松果体的组织细胞结构研究

在光镜和电镜水平下对太湖鹅松果体组织结构和细胞结构进行研究，结果表明，鹅松果体主要由松查体细胞组成，其间夹有少数胶质细胞，松果体细胞偶尔排列为滤泡状，松果体细胞具有突起，胞核椭圆形，胞核椭圆形，圆形，线粒体常在胞附近集聚，粗面内质网丰富，高尔基体发达，胞质中有散在的游离核蛋白体，脂滴和溶酶体，胞突中微管方向与胞突平行，胞体中方向不一,质细胞的胞核不规则，胞体和胞突中含有微丝。     

Disorders of the pharynx.

Pharyngeal disorders are complex and difficult to treat. Disorders that lead to anatomic derangement, such as trauma and neoplasia, can significantly affect the function of this organ. Pharyngeal dysfunction can manifest as dysphagia, persistent palatal displacement, or exercise intolerance. Secondary complications are serious and life threatening and include aspiration pneumonia, weight loss, and death. Pharyngeal disorders that are only recognizable during strenuous exercise are difficult to diagnose and are treated with limited success, even though they are responsible for significant economic losses with performance animals.     

A progressive axonopathy of Boxer dogs affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems

Five Boxer dogs with a new neurological disease are described. There is a progressive ataxia and weakness, initially in the hind-legs but later involving forelegs. The onset of signs is usually around 6 months of age although an older dog was affected. Proprioceptive function, muscle tone and tendon reflexes are diminished or absent while pedal reflexes and pain sensation are preserved. Muscle atrophy is minimal. The peripheral nerves are depleted in myelinated fibres. Nerve roots and, to a lesser extent, peripheral nerves show demyelination/remyelination changes and in the cervical ventral roots in particular, regenerative clusters are present. Forelimb muscles show evidence of re-innervation. In the CNS numerous swollen axons are present. The dorsolateral and ventral columns of the spinal cord are affected throughout their length. In the brain a number of nuclei and tracts, particularly in the lower brain stem, are affected and the superior olives are severely involved. The cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter appear normal. Various portions of the auditory and optic pathways are affected pathologically as are a number of cranial nerves. The axonal swellings contain a number of organelles including smooth endoplasmic reticulum, disordered neurofilaments, vesicles and mitochondria. The disease may be specific to Boxer dogs and may be inherited.     

BHV-1 eradication program in Bavaria: a marker-independent strategy

In Bavaria a BHV-1 eradication program was initiated in 1986 and was changed to a compulsory program in 1998. The eradication success increased progressively from < 50% in 1986 to 87% of the farms in 2002. BHV 1-free farms are controlled by bulk milk serology twice a year along with blood serology in animals that are negative but from herds where positive field virus infected animals are present. All serological tests are performed with an indirect ELISA test, all positive results are confirmed by a gB ELISA. Currently about 100.000 virus infected cattle are in Bavarian herds, approximately 80% of these animals are in heavily infected herds (> 10 infected animals). These herds comprise about 5% of all Bavarian herds. The eradication of the virus in these heavily infected herds is the most diifficult, whereas the prevention of new infections appears controllable. In this review current problems in BHV1 eradication are named and possible improvements are discussed.     

宁夏柠条资源利用现状及其饲料开发潜力调查--以盐池县为例

对以宁夏盐池县为代表的柠条资源分布、利用状况、存在问题等相关内容进行了全面调查与分析。结果表明:截至2003年,全区柠条资源存林面积已达43.672 4万hm2,占全区总土地面积的8.431%。其中天然林为2.590 5万hm2,人工存林面积累计已达41.081 9万hm2,是全区柠条总面积的94.068%,具有面积大、分布广、幼林化、生物贮量多等特点。主要存在有开发与利用程度低下、资源老化程度严重和过度放牧等问题,并结合当地实际,提出了柠条资源的开发与利用相关对策。     

Vaporizer position.

The vaporizers that are positioned outside of the circle have known constant output concentrations and are not affected by positive pressure ventilation. The vaporizers that are positioned inside the circle system have unknown, variable output concentrations and are markedly affected by positive pressure ventilation. Either type can be safely used if its operating characteristics are understood.     

三位女性之悲歌——苔丝、爱玛、安娜“自杀”原由探析

笔者认为苔丝、爱玛、安娜“自杀”主要有三个方面的原因：首先，对爱情的绝望是她们自杀的最直接原因；其次，她们自身带着沉重的罪恶感。一方面想从现实环境中逃脱出来，一方面又无法摆脱既定的社会法则；最后，她们都生活在转型时期比较混乱的社会环境中，各种社会因素交织成一张巨网，使她们围困其中而无法动弹。     

Supervision of rabbit husbandry--report of a public health veterinarian

Rabbits are wide spread farm animals and pets, which are kept in the most diverse areas. The evaluation of rabbit husbandries in regard to animal welfare legislation is often complicated by different and contradictory recommendations of various organisations, which should partly be revised. In the following article some regulations and guidelines are discussed. In addition, some aspects for the keeping of rabbits in accordance with their behavioural needs are outlined, some frequent shortcomings regarding the keeping of rabbits are described and possibilities for taking official measures are presented.     

青海省海南州天然草地主要饲用植物经济类群及评价

海南州天然草地饲用植物资源丰富,据调查统计有饲用植物３６４种,占全州植物总数的３４．５７％,其中禾本科饲用植物９８种,豆科饲用植物４９种,莎草科饲用植物２７种,杂类草饲用植物１０９种,这四大经济类群是构成海南州天然草地的主体,在各草地类型中占居重要的地位,发挥着各自的优势和作用。     

中国伞形科柴胡属果实结构的系统学价值

本文首次深入研究了中国柴胡属29种,5变种及2变形果实的三维结构。结构显示果实结构变化较大,分果表面平滑,横切面近圆形,脊略微突出。中果皮有两种分泌结构,伴生油管及非伴生油管（油管）。前者仅存在于少数物种,且直径小,后者包括不分支及分支油管。不分支油管存在于多数物种的沟（1～5）和结合面（2～7）,油管通常与分果近等长,但亦存在短油管。少数物种的油管呈分支状,在中果皮不规则分布。种皮由1或2层薄壁细胞构成。胚乳在结合面平直或微凹。中果皮无结晶。心皮柄多为2个,在结合面彼此相对。柴胡属果实的多数特征存在于芹亚科其他类群,但分支状油管及2层细胞的种皮仅见于牵环花亚科,变豆菜亚科及芹亚科的基础类群。柴胡属果实的解剖结构支持分子系统学将柴胡属位于芹亚科其他类群的基础位置。