Effect of low-protein diet with supplementing different levels of DL-methionine on production performance of minks in growing-furring period

A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methionine (Met) in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five groups of 14 minks each. The minks were fed in five kinds of experiment diets (HP, LP, LP+M1, LP+M2 and LP+M3). The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 32% (high protein, HP) and 24% (low protein, LP). LP was supplemented with Met 0.4% (M1), 0.8% (M2) and 1.2% (M3) DM. From mid of September to December 10, apparent digestibility of CP (crude protein), N intake and urinary N excretion were decreased with declining dietary protein levels (p < 0.05) and N retained was the highest in treatment LP+M2. No significant difference was found in total serum protein (TP) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) among all treatment groups (p > 0.05). Skin length of treatment HP and LP+M2 was higher than that of other groups (p < 0.05). Body length, skin weight, length of guard hair and under hair were not affected by different dietary protein levels (p>0.05). The best performance could be observed in treatment LP+M2. In diet, 24% (DM) protein level with 1.54% Met supplementing was enough for minks during growing-furring period. Dietary protein lowered from 32% to 24% with supplementing Met in diets would result in a 37.9% decrease in urinary N excretion. Furthermore, addition of Met in diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reducing feed expenses and lessening nitrogen emissions to the environment.     

通过胶乳转录组分析探析巴西橡胶树橡胶生物合成的研究

巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）是天然橡胶（顺式-聚异戊二烯）商业化生产中栽培最为广泛的一个物种。本研究中,为了深入分析并了解胶乳转录谱,尤其是橡胶生物合成相关基因的转录表达情况,我们从橡胶树的胶乳这种代表单一细胞类型的胞质成分中分离得到10 040个表达序列标签（ESTs）,经ESTs序列编辑组装之后共获得3 441个独立转录本（UTs）。基于标准基因词汇体系对这些UTs进行功能分类的结果显示,它们中的73.8%均与未知功能的基因相关。在高度表达的ESTs中,编码橡胶生物合成及应激或防御相关蛋白的ESTs占有相当大的比例,其中编码分属三个蛋白质家族的橡胶粒子膜蛋（RPMPs）的序列其所占ESTs的比例即高达12%。从这些ESTs中还鉴定出了九种RPMP异型体（7.9～27KDa）,其中包括14 Kda的REF（橡胶延伸因子）及22 Kda的SRPP（小橡胶粒子蛋白）。试验中利用抗REF及SRPP抗体也检测到了胶乳中多种RPMP异型体的表达。此外,EST及定量逆转录-多聚酶链式反（QRT-PCR）分析均证实REF和SRPP为胶乳中最丰富的转录产物。除橡胶生物合成之外,比较序列分析结果显示,RPMPs与植物界存在的应激相关蛋白序列具有高度相似性。最后,本文还根据转录本丰度及差异基因表达就RPMP在顺式-聚异戊二烯生物合成中的功能作了进一步的探讨和推测。     

甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫解毒酶及其体内蛋白质表达的影响

为研究甲氧虫酰肼(RH-2485)对舞毒蛾幼虫的杀虫活性,采用叶片药膜法测定该药剂对舞毒蛾不同龄期幼虫的生物活性及对其体内解毒酶活性的影响,并通过SDS-PAGE对舞毒蛾幼虫不同组织的蛋白质表达进行检测。结果表明:甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾2～6龄幼虫均表现出较高活性,其中对2,3龄幼虫毒性最强,说明甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫的影响存在明显的龄期差异。该药剂对2,4,6龄幼虫体内的羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶等主要解毒酶存在显著影响,表现为诱导、抑制作用;在不同的处理时间,对这些酶的影响存在明显差异。舞毒蛾4龄幼虫经甲氧虫酰肼处理后,血淋巴、中肠及表皮组织中均发现与对照组有差异的蛋白,其中处理12h和24h时,对血淋巴和中肠组织中的蛋白质影响比较明显,48h后,对表皮组织中的蛋白质表达的影响较为显著。甲氧虫酰肼作为非甾醇类蜕皮激素竞争物中的新型化合物,能干扰舞毒蛾幼虫体内主要解毒酶活性,诱导血淋巴、中肠和表皮组织中产生特异蛋白,从而影响舞毒蛾正常的生理代谢,起到毒杀作用,可有效防治舞毒蛾。     

Purification of the toxin protein PC from Arthrinium phaeospermum and its effect on the defence enzymes of Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis varieties

Bamboo blight in hybrid Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis is caused by the fungus Arthrinium phaeospermum. One component designated as P_C with pathogenic activity and a molecular weight of about 27 kDa was obtained from this fungus by ammonium sulphate precipitation, polyethylene glycol concentration, Sephadex G‐100 gel chromatography and Q‐Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange resin. The toxin P_C was shown to cause the same typical symptoms caused by the pathogen itself, although the reaction of the toxin was quicker than the pathogen in all four hybrid bamboo varieties. A threshold toxic dose of 10–20 μg/ml was observed for two resistant varieties, while only 5–10 μg/ml was observed for two susceptible varieties. Moreover, effects of the purified toxic protein on the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, phenylalanine amonnialyase, polyphenol oxidase, chitinase and β‐1,3 glucanase in the different bamboo varieties were analysed using the impregnation and leaf disc methods. The results showed a positive correlation between the resistance of bamboo and the activities of all six enzymes. The activities of all enzymes except β‐1,3 glucanase decreased over the time course of investigation. These results proved the important role played by toxic proteins in the pathogenicity of A. phaeospermum and their potential for selecting resistant varieties or identify the resistance of this bamboo.     

巴西橡胶树胶乳药用研究综述

巴西橡胶树胶乳是乳管细胞的胞质液,作为天然橡胶工业产品仅利用了其中的橡胶烃。近年,胶乳中含有的许多初级和次级代谢产物具有的药用价值逐渐被发现。全胶乳和其组分B-乳清与C乳清都具有抗菌作用,B-乳清和C乳清还表现出抑制癌细胞生长,并且对正常细胞为低毒性的特性。胶乳中含有的如白坚木皮醇、植物甾醇、萜类和蛋白质等成分都表现出抑制肿瘤细胞生长、抗真菌、抗氧化等药用功能。     

Medicinal potential from in vivo and acclimatized plants of Cleome rosea

Methanolic extracts obtained from different organs of Cleome rosea, collected from its natural habitat and from in vitro-propagated plants, were submitted to in vitro biological assays. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by J774 macrophages and antioxidant effects by protecting the plasmid DNA from the SnCl(2)-induced damage were evaluated. Extracts from the stem of both origins and leaf of natural plants inhibited NO production. The plasmid DNA strand breaks induced by SnCl(2) were reduced by extracts from either leaf or stem of both sources. On the other hand, root extracts did not show any kind of effects on plasmid DNA, and presented significant toxic effects to J774 cells. The results showed that C. rosea presents medicinal potential and that the acclimatization process reduces the plant toxicity both to plasmid DNA and to J774 cells, suggesting the use of biotechnology tools to obtain elite plants as source of botanical material for pharmacological and phytochemical studies.     

Analysis of bark proteins in blister rust-resistant and susceptible western white pine (Pinus monticola)

We compared bark proteins from four contrasting (blister rust-resistant versus susceptible) half-sib seedling pairs of western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don). Pooled proteins from resistant and susceptible groups (four trees per group) were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, silver stained, and analyzed with the aid of a laser scanner interfaced with a computerized gel documentation system. Qualitative and quantitative protein differences were observed between resistant and susceptible groups. The number of proteins unique to a group was greater in the susceptible category than in the resistant category. Biosynthesis of some common proteins was enhanced near lesioned areas of susceptible seedlings. Many proteins shared similar charge and mass characteristics with those of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Two protein bands were isolated and partially characterized by N-terminal amino acid sequencing: a 10.6-kDa band that was selectively enriched in all resistant individuals, and a 26.0-kDa band that was enriched in some susceptible individuals. The significance of these protein differences and the possible use of selected proteins as disease or resistance markers are discussed.     

肉桂枝枯病菌毒素的研究

本文是对肉桂枝枯病病原菌毒素研究的首例报道。生物活性测定显示，病菌知液体培养基中可产生导致内桂嫩梢萎蔫和叶盘褐变坏死的致病毒素。改良Fries液体培养基振荡培养和PD液体培养基青止培养为较好的产毒培养方式。病原菌毒素为非寄主专化性毒素，除肉桂外，还对香樟、马尾松、薇苷菊、卤地菊和番茄等植物具有致萎活性，毒素为弱酸性（pH5.4），对冷、热稳定性强，极性较大，易深于水、乙醇、丙酮、正丁醇＋丙桐及乙酸乙酯，部分溶于氯仿，基本不溶于乙醚。研究表明毒素为非蛋白质、多糖及核酸类大分子物质。含毒滤液可能含有糖醛类物质，其致毒活性经乙醇和丙酮纯化后有所增强，经HPLC分离出的组分I可能为毒性成份。肉桂叶盘经毒素处理后，其相对电导率较对照大幅度增加，感病的本地桂比抗病的大叶青化桂增加更为明显。     

Effects of near-lethal heat stress on bud break, heat-shock proteins and ubiquitin in dormant poplar (Populus nigra Charkowiensis x P. nigra incrassata)

We assessed the effects of near-lethal heat stress on bud break, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and ubiquitin in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra (L.) Charkowiensis x P. nigra (L.) incrassata). Shoots, with 10-15 buds each, were collected from September to March and exposed to temperatures between 20 and 60 degrees C for 2 h. Shoots were then placed in a greenhouse at 18-22 degrees C with supplemental light and cumulative bud break was recorded over a 4-week period. Samples of bud tissues were collected during and up to 96 h after heat treatment for protein analysis. De novo synthesis of proteins was monitored by exposing excised buds to [(35)S]-methionine for 3 h before, during, or after heat treatment. Heat treatments of 40-45 degrees C resulted in both a release from endodormancy and a decrease in thermal units needed for bud break during ecodormancy. The response to near-lethal heat stress was complex and was affected by intrinsic thermal sensitivity. Heat treatments were least effective during August and became progressively more effective as endodormancy progressed. In the later stages of ecodormancy, a heat treatment of 45 degrees C either inhibited bud break or killed the buds. Although temperatures of 42.5 to 45 degrees C inhibited incorporation of [(35)S]-methionine into proteins for at least 48 h, several HSPs were synthesized in response to temperatures of 40-45 degrees C. Immunoblots indicated that one of the heat-induced proteins was immunologically related to HSP70. Increases in free and conjugated forms of ubiquitin were also observed in response to heat treatment. Production of HSPs and ubiquitin, however, was not consistently associated with the heat treatments that induced the highest percentage of bud break. The roles of heat-induced protein degradation, HSPs, and ubiquitin in overcoming dormancy by near-lethal heat stress are discussed.     

Preparation of composite board using foil-laminated and plastic-laminated liquid packaging paperboard as raw materials

We investigated the properties of composite board formed using base sheets of aluminum foil-laminated and polyethylene (PE) plastic-laminated liquid packaging paperboard (LP) as an alternative to recycling these items in wastepaper stream. Boards of different specific gravities ranging from 0.55 to 0.75 were made by pressing shredded LP blended with urea resin having resin content of 6%–10% at 180°C. Subsequently, we also prepared mixed particleboard [wood (WD) particles and LP mixed], three-layered particleboard (LP as the middle layer, WD in the upper and lower layers), and wood particleboard all having resin content of 10% and various specific gravities. Static bending and internal bonding strengths and thickness swelling of the specimens were determined to examine their properties. At the same specific gravity, the properties of LP particleboards were affected by their resin content. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond strength of the LP particleboards increased with increasing specific gravity of the boards at the same resin content, but thickness swelling of the LP particleboards showed the reverse trend. The average MOR of the LP particleboards approximated that of the mixed particleboards and was greater than those of the three-layered particleboards and wood particleboards. Internal bond strength and thickness swelling of the LP particleboards were smaller than those of the other particleboards. Based on the above observations, we deemed that LP can be made into composite boards with adequate properties either alone or mixed with wood particles.     

Nitrogen and fiber concentration in rumen contents and fecescontents of Mongolian gazelles

lntroductionWiIdlifemanagersdesirereIiableindicatorsofnu-tritionaIstatusoffree-rangingunguIatestoassessreIationshipsbetWeenhabitatsandpopuIations.ThenutritionaIconditionofunguIatesisstrongIyaffectedbytheirfOodquality,andasunguIatesreguIarlyexpe-riencenitrogenshortages(White1978IRobbins1983),itispaFticuIarlyimportanttoknowthenitrogenconcentrationoftheirfoodpIants.onecommonmethodofestimatingquaIityofungulatedietsisana-IysisnutritionaIquaIityofforagepIantsgrowinginhabitats.However,indisc…     

Storage protein changes during zygotic embryogenesis in interior spruce

The major storage proteins isolated from protein bodies of embryo tissues of interior spruce Picea glauca (Moench) Voss/Picea engelmanii Parry had apparent molecular weights of 41, 35, 33, 24 and 22 kD. Minor proteins of 30 and 27.5 kD were also observed. Based on their solubility characteristics, the 41 kD protein was identified as a water and buffer-soluble albumin, and the 35, 33, 24 and 22 kD proteins were characterized as buffer-insoluble, high salt-soluble globulins. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed each protein was composed of several isoelectric variants. Developmentally specific accumulation of storage proteins was observed during embryogenesis. The 41 kD protein only accumulated during the later stages of cotyledon maturation, whereas the other storage proteins began to accumulate during the early stages of embryo development. All storage proteins showed major accumulations during cotyledon maturation.     

乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产机制研究进展

乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的效果显著,乙烯利刺激割胶技术已在天然橡胶生产中普遍采用,但乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的机制还不明确,仍是目前橡胶树产排胶机制研究的热点之一。综述近年来从不同学科不同角度对乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产机制研究的结果,认为乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的原因可能是多方面的,从水通道蛋白方面探讨乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的可能机制。     

Protein synthesis in slash pine callus cultures exposed to water stress

Effects of water stress on protein synthesis were investigated in heterotrophic callus cultures derived from slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) cotyledon explants. Cultures were transferred to medium containing 0-15% mannitol to provide water potentials between -0.4 and -2.5 MPa. Beginning between 0 and 22 h after transfer to the new medium, cultures were incubated for 2 h with (35)S-methionine. Both the uptake of label and the incorporation of label into protein decreased with decreasing medium water potential. Incorporation, however, was reduced to a greater extent than uptake suggesting that the reduced incorporation was at least partly the result of reduced protein synthesis. Separation of labeled proteins by one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualization by fluorography revealed the induction of two new protein bands after incubation at -1.8 MPa for 24 h. Induction of new proteins was not observed at other water potentials or after shorter incubation times. Protein bands from cultures incubated at -1.8 MPa for 24 h and then transferred for 24 h to mannitol-free medium (-0.4 MPa) were comparable to those from control cultures maintained on mannitol-free medium throughout.     

在Ru/C和甲酸(甲酸盐)体系中碱木质素水热解聚特性研究

在Ru/C和甲酸(甲酸盐)的共同作用下,275~350℃的亚临界水中,进行碱木质素的水热解聚反应。通过GC-MS定性分析和GC-FID定量分析,探究了供氢试剂及用量、反应温度、木质素分子级分对木质素水热解聚的影响。结果表明:在甲酸和Ru/C条件下,木质素解聚液相产物得率最高,组成较简单,具有较好催化降解效果;在甲酸添加量为0.8 mol/L,反应30 min时,木质素解聚液相产物最多,其中含量最高的单酚类物质为4-甲基愈创木酚,在主要单酚类物质中占32.77%,木质素水热解聚液相产物得率随温度升高而先增后减,并在325℃时取得峰值;L1、L2和L3是碱木质素的3个不同的分子级分,L1级分对木质素解聚液相产物得率贡献最大,达61.80%,且产物中单酚类物质总得率最高,为112.71 mg/g。其中,愈创木酚与4-甲基愈创木酚所占比例最高,可分别为35.38和35.52 mg/g;对木质素进行分级分离处理后再进行水热转化反应,有利于液相产物和单酚类物质得率的进一步提高。     

不同梓属树种花器官蛋白电泳分析

为了分析与楸树自交不亲和有关的特异蛋白质特性,采用考马斯亮蓝染色法和SDS-PAGE技术研究了2种梓属树种(滇楸、楸树)花器官的蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分。结果表明:楸树-1(连云港种源)的花柱、子房、花萼蛋白质含量较低,滇楸和楸树-2(老山种源)较高,而楸树-1花瓣蛋白质含量略高于其他树种;同一树种不同器官蛋白质含量表现为子房>花萼>花柱>花瓣。蛋白组分分析表明,梓属各树种不同花器官内的蛋白质主要集中在12～45 ku之间,各器官共有蛋白20个左右,发现具有特异性的蛋白包括:楸树-1花柱42 ku蛋白,楸树-2花柱64和19 ku蛋白,滇楸花柱37 ku蛋白,以及楸树-2和滇楸花柱共有的58和24 ku蛋白;楸树-1子房41、38和23 ku蛋白;花萼中,88和65 ku蛋白为楸树-1所有,52、40、26 ku蛋白为楸树-2和滇楸特有。花瓣内蛋白带较少,仅发现63 ku蛋白为楸树-1特异蛋白。     

4种黄皮叶片蛋白质提取方法的比较

为了研究不同提取方法对黄皮叶片蛋白质提取质量的影响,以‘杨妃山黄皮’的叶片为材料,采用TrisHCl法、三氯乙酸(TCA)/丙酮法、尿素(Thi)/硫脲(Urea)法、酚(Phe)-甲醇/醋酸铵沉淀法提取叶片组织蛋白质,对获得的蛋白质产量、单向电泳图谱和双向电泳图谱分析比较。结果显示,不同方法的提取效果各异,就提取的蛋白质产率、单向电泳以及双向电泳结果来说,三氯乙酸(TCA)/丙酮法提取效果较理想,单双向电泳图谱辨识度强,蛋白点数多、蛋白点整洁、且纵横纹少。说明该法不但可以较好地去除黄皮叶片中存在的非蛋白物质,而且可以获取高质量的蛋白质。     

橡胶树胶乳铜离子含量与乙烯刺激强度的关系初探

铜作为植物必需营养元素之一,在植物细胞中具有重要的生理功能,乙烯刺激能够显著增加橡胶树乳管细胞中铜离子的含量。乙烯刺激强度与胶乳中铜离子含量关系的试验结果初步表明:在一定乙烯刺激浓度范围内,乙烯浓度与胶乳中铜离子含量呈正相关,超出这一浓度范围则呈反相关。因此,可以研究用胶乳中铜离子含量来作为合理的刺激采胶强度的评价标准。