铬在畜禽中的应用研究进展

阐述了铬营养素的动物生理学功能，介绍了铬的营养代谢及其在奶牛、鱼、猪、肉鸡等畜禽生产中应用研究进展，提出了动物补铬的依据和营养研究方向。     

铬在猪营养中应用的研究进展

铬参与动物机体的碳水化合物、脂类、蛋白质和核酸代谢,是动物生长发育过程中必不可少的一种微量元素,对猪的生产性能、胴体品质、肉质、免疫功能都有一定的影响。本文综述了铬对猪营养的作用效果及机理,为铬在猪营养中的应用提供参考。     

有机铬在养猪生产中的应用

铬是动物必需的微量元素。20世纪70年代以来, 铬的生物学作用已逐步被揭示。铬在动物营养中作用的研究及铬应用的相关研究进展迅速,有许多报道论述了铬的作用机理及其在畜牧业中的应用效果。近几年,我国营养学家相继开展了有机铬产品的研制并逐步在生产中推广应用。本文对此作一综述。     

有机铬在养牛生产中的研究与应用

铬在调节动物血糖平衡和免疫反应等方面发挥着重要作用,并且具有促进动物生长、繁殖以及抗应激和改善畜产品品质等功能。本文从铬的营养特点、生物学功能以及安全性评价等方面对有机铬在养牛生产中的合理应用进行了综述。     

微量元素铬的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用

铬具有提高动物生长、生产和免疫性能,改善胴体品质和繁殖性能,缓解应激反应等作用.文章就铬的生物学功能、铬在动物生产上的应用效果进行了综合阐述.     

微量元素铬在动物营养上的研究与应用

铬是动物体内必需微量元素,是葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)的重要组成部分。铬通过增强胰岛素在体内的生理功能,影响糖类、脂肪、蛋白质以及核酸的代谢,进而促进动物的生长、提高繁殖性能、改善胴体品质、降低应急、提高机体免疫力。本文从铬的理化特性及代谢状况、铬的来源及在动物体内的含量与分布、铬的生物学功能、铬的缺乏与中毒及在动物生产上的应用等五个方面,扼要论述了微量元素铬的营养研究进展。     

微量元素铬在动物上的研究与应用

铬是动物的必需微量元素之一,是葡萄糖耐量因子的重要活性组成成分,铬通过葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)协同胰岛素的作用,影响碳水化合物、脂类、蛋白质和核酸代谢,进而影响动物的生长、免疫、繁殖和胴体品质,降低应激,改善机体免疫机能,提高畜禽生产性能和繁殖力。动物体内铬的研究已经取得了一定的进展,并且在动物上的应用也已经得到了实践证实。本文通过对铬的理化特性、铬在动物体内的吸收、运输、贮存和排泄、铬的生物学功能以及铬在动物生产性能上的作用、铬的需要量等方面进行了综合阐述,指出其广阔的应用前景及发展方向。收稿日期:2002-05-27基金项目:山西省归国留学基金项目(99044)作者简介:乔富强(1974-),男,山西农业大学动物科技学院在读硕士,主要从事动物营养与饲料科学的研究工作。     

微量元素--铬的营养作用及其应用

自1797年法国化学家Luis Vaupuelin发现铬(chromium,Cr)元素以来,在很长的一段时间内,铬被认为是有毒有害的致癌物质.直到20世纪90年代以后,人们才逐步发现在动物饲料中添加有机铬(烟酸铬、酵母铬、吡啶羧酸铬、氨基酸螯合铬和蛋白质铬)对动物的生产性能有一定的促进作用.本文就有机铬的生化功能和营养作用及其应用进展作一综述.     

铬在养鸡业中的运用进展

铬参与动物机体的糖类、脂类、蛋白质和核酸代谢，是动物生长发育过程中必不可少的一种微量元素。铬对鸡的生产性能、应激和免疫功能都有一定的影响。本文综述了铬对鸡营养的作用效果及机理，为铬在鸡营养中进一步运用奠定理论基础。     

微量元素铬在猪生产中的应用

铬是人和动物的必需微量元素。近十几年来对铬在猪的营养上进行了许多研究。结果表明:铬对猪的生产性能和胴体品质影响不大,而对于肉质的某些方面和繁殖性能具有一定的影响。本文就铬的生理功能,铬对猪的生产性能、胴体品质、肉质、免疫功能和繁殖性能的影响及铬与激素调节、铬源的选择与应用作一综述。     

铬(Ⅲ)螯合物的制备及相关性质鉴定

本文报道了铬(Ⅲ)螯合物—烟酸铬(Ⅲ) ,蛋氨酸铬(Ⅲ)和甘氨酸铬(Ⅲ)的制备方法。通过对产物多方面的测定证实合成物均为铬(Ⅲ)的螯合物。同时对铬(Ⅲ)螯合物的结构、性质与动物营养作用的关系进行了探讨。     

有机铬的营养与生理作用研究进展

铬是人和动物必需的微量元素之一,在机体许多生理机能中起着重要作用.本文主要对最近国内外有关有机铬对动物物质代谢、生殖和内分泌功能、免疫功能和抗热应激的影响及有机铬的添加效果和毒性等几个方面的相关研究进行综述,旨在为研究有机铬的营养作用提供参考.     

营养调控对母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了探讨母猪妊娠早期日粮中添加一定量的甲基吡啶铬、叶酸、维生素E和维生素A对母猪窝产仔数、初生重、仔猪成活率的影响,选用日龄、体况基本一致的长大二元母猪共计56头进行试验。结果表明,在母猪妊娠早期的日粮中添加甲基吡啶铬、叶酸、维生素E、维生素A可显著提高母猪窝产仔数,提高比例平均为29.2%,其中对后备母猪提高比例更大。     

木聚糖酶的研究进展及在生产上的应用

木聚糖酶作为一种饲料添加剂具有降低饲料粘度、提高营养物质利用率、提高机体免疫力、改善动物生产性能等作用,具有广阔的研究前景.本文从木聚糖酶的分子结构、理化性质、反应机理、应用及展望等方面进行综述.     

有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用91周龄新罗曼商品蛋鸡480只,按2×2双因子试验设计随机分为5组,对照组饲喂不添加铬的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,4个试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加了以吡啶羧酸铬或酵母铬来源的0.2mg/kg或0.4mg/kg的日粮,试验30d,以研究有机铬对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:①有机铬能在一定程度上促进热应激蛋鸡的蛋白质利用,提高热应激蛋鸡的生产性能;②铬水平对血清尿素氮有极显著的影响(P<0.01),添加0.4mg/kg铬组均极显著地低于对照组(P<0.01),说明了补铬能够抑制由高温引起的蛋白质分解过程,从而起到缓解高温应激的作用;③吡啶羧酸铬和酵母铬在作用效果上无显著的差异;从经济效益方面考虑,0.4mg/kg铬水平的酵母铬和吡啶羧酸铬经济效益较高。     

铬的生物学功能及其在动物体内的代谢

通过对铬元素的各项理化特性、来源、代谢及生物学功能进行详细的对比、调查和研究，进一步阐述了铬元素的代谢机制、生物学功能与铬在家畜营养学、生物科学及人体医学等方面的重要作用。表明铬元素对人类的生产生活，科学技术的发展有着很高的研究价值。     

Supplemental Chromium Picolinate Promotes Growth of Broiler Chickens by Enhancing Insulin Receptor Gene Expression

Chromium has been recognized for decades as a nutritional factor that promotes the growth of broiler chickens, but the molecular mechanism is still not clearly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on the growth of broiler chickens. A total of 144 21-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental group was fed the same basal diet supplemented with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate. The experiment lasted for three weeks from day 28 to 42 of the birds.. Supplementation with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate significantly increased body weight (P < 0.05). Serum insulin levels in chickens of the experimental group were increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas serum their glucose concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum lipid profiles in chickens fed the diet supplemented with chromium picolinate. Gene expression levels of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), two pivotal components of the insulin signaling pathway, were also investigated using Real-time quantitative PCR. IR expression was significantly (P < 0.05) increased following chromium supplementation. Therefore, supplemental chromium picolinate had a beneficial effect on the growth of broilers. In agreement with observations in mammals, chromium might exert its effect via potentiating insulin action, and ultimately by stimulating anabolism without altering body composition in chickens.     

Supplemental Chromium Picolinate Promotes Growth of Broiler Chickens by Enhancing Insulin Receptor Gene Expression

Chromium has been recognized for decades as a nutritional factor that promotes the growth of broiler chickens,but the molecular mechanism is still not clearly understood.The present study was designed to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on the growth of broiler chickens.A total of 144 21-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental group was fed the same basal diet supplemented with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate.The experiment lasted for three weeks from day 28 to 42 of the birds..Supplementation with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate significantly increased body weight (P 0.05).Serum insulin levels in chickens of the experimental group were increased significantly (P 0.05),whereas serum glucose concentrations were decreased (P 0.05).No significant changes were observed in serum lipid profiles in chickens fed the diet supplemented with chromium picolinate.Gene expression levels of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1),two pivotal components of the insulin signaling pathway,were also investigated using Real-time quantitative PCR.IR expression was significantly (P 0.05) increased following chromium supplementation.Therefore,supplemental chromium picolinate had a beneficial effect on the growth of broilers.In agreement with observations in mammals,chromium might exert its effect via potentiating insulin action,and ultimately by stimulating anabolism without altering body composition in chickens.     

Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on performance and plasma concentrations of insulin and corticosterone in laying hens under low ambient temperature

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate) on performance and plasma concentrations of insulin and corticosterone of laying hens (Ross Brown) under a low ambient temperature (6.9 °C). One hundred and twenty laying hens (46 weeks old) were divided into four groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens were fed either a control diet containing 710.3 p.p.b. chromium or the control diet supplemented with 100, 200 or 400 μg chromium/kg diet. Increasing supplemental chromium increased live weight change (p ≤ 0.001, linear) and egg production (p ≤ 0.001, linear) and also improved feed efficiency linearly (p ≤ 0.001). Live weight change and egg production also had quadratic responses (p ≤ 0.001) to increasing chromium supplementation. Plasma insulin concentration increased linearly (p ≤ 0.001), whereas corticosterone concentration decreased linearly (p ≤ 0.001) as dietary chromium supplementation increased. The results of this study indicate that supplemental dietary chromium, 200 p.p.b. in particular, had a positive effect on performance and increased the plasma insulin concentration of laying hens under cold stress.