马铃薯替代玉米对鸡营养物质代谢率的影响

将 40只 48周龄的蛋鸡随机分成 4组 ,分别饲喂用 5 %、10 %、2 0 %的马铃薯替代玉米的日粮。结果表明 ,饲喂 10 %马铃薯替代玉米的日粮 ,其代谢能和钙表观利用率与其他组差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,蛋白质和磷表观利用率都高于其它各组 (P <0 0 1)。     

黄豆皮替代部分日粮玉米对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

用黄豆皮替代基础日粮中的部分玉米研究其对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。选取24周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡150只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂黄豆皮替代基础日粮中5%、10%、15%和20%玉米的试验日粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期28 d。结果表明:黄豆皮替代部分玉米提高平均日采食量、平均蛋重、产蛋率和料蛋比(P0.05),且以替代10%的玉米效果最佳。     

热喷氨化锯末饲喂肉牛试验研究

用热喷氨化锯末替代日粮中部分玉米饲喂肉牛试验，对照组日粮合2kg玉米，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮分别用0.4kg、0.6kg、0.8kg热喷氨化锯末替代等量玉米。70天饲喂试验结果，各组每头牛平均增重分别为111kg、109kg、112kg、110kg，差异不显著（P＞0.05）。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组比对照组分别降低精料消耗13.3％、20％、26.6％，纯利分别增加9％、23％、25％，经济效益明显好于对照组。     

出雏后3—6周肉仔鸡含硫氨基酸需要量和胱氨酸替换值

应用商用肉仔鸡进行三个试验,测定出雏后3～6周生长期间SAA需要量。20％CP的玉米-花生饼粉基础日根(3200千卡MEn/kg),分析含0.23％蛋氨酸(Met)和0.28％胱氨酸(Cys)。切除盲肠的青年公鸡真消化率测评表明,基础日粮中Met和Cys可消化率分别为81％和75％。因此,基础日粮含0.19％可消化Met和0.21％可消化Cys。当全价添加DL-Met时,饲喂玉米-花生饼粉日粮鸡的生长率和饲料利用率与饲喂20％CP添加Met的玉米-豆饼粉日粮相同。在SAA需要量测定中,Ross×Hubbard公鸡饲喂等级递度的DL-Met(0.03％)和L-Cys(0.03％)以达到可消化SAA浓度0.40、0.46、0.52、0.58、0.64和0.70％。随SAA含量的提高、增重和饲料利用率呈曲线性反应(P<0.01),最高饲料利用率测评的需要量较最高增重测评的需要量高 肉眼评价和配线方法表明,需要量接近0.61％消化SAA 当推测玉米豆饼粉日粮SAA真消化率为875％时,总SAA需要量计算为日粮的0.70％。但是,由于商用玉米豆饼粉日粮通常添加Met,提供的Cys利用率仅为81％(Wt:Wt),饲喂20％CP添加Met的3200千卡ME/kg玉米-豆饼粉日粮鸡总SAA需要量测评可能约为日粮的07,DL-Met对L-Cys的添加,测定3～6周生长期肉仔鸡可消化Cys添加,但不能超过可消化SAA总需要量的52％。     

饲粮中添加大薯对文昌鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验利用大薯代替不同比例玉米配制日粮饲喂文昌鸡,通过对其生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质影响的研究,探讨大薯替代玉米的可行性。随机选择50日龄健康、体重相近的文昌鸡母鸡288只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复18只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮;Ⅱ~Ⅳ组为试验组,饲喂试验日粮,即在等能等氮条件下分别用10%、15%、20%的大薯替代玉米。试验结果表明,经过2周饲养试验,除对胸肌48 h滴水损失率和胸肌脂肪含量影响显著外,大薯替代饲粮中不同比例玉米对文昌鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及其他肉品质指标影响均不显著(P0.05);当饲养时间达到4周时,各处理组间胸肌48h滴水损失差异显著(P0.05),而对其他测定指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。说明大薯可以部分替代文昌鸡日粮中的玉米作为能量饲料使用,其替代比例可达玉米含量的20%。     

饲喂DDGS日粮对波尔山羊生长性能、瘤胃指标、胴体性状及经济效益的影响

本研究旨在评估波尔山羊不同阶段饲喂含有10％玉米DDGS的全混合日粮对其生长性能、瘤胃指标、胴体性状及饲养成本的影响.试验将初重一致的72头波尔山羊随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头.3组山羊的饲喂时间均为20周,对照组在整个试验期饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,处理1组山羊在整个试验期饲喂玉米-DDGS型日粮,处理2组山...     

小麦青稞型日粮代替玉米型日粮饲喂种鸡的效果

为了用当地饲料资源代替依赖外省调入、价格昂贵的玉米，我们用当地产小麦、青稞为主组成日粮（试验组），与玉米型日粮（对照组）对比，在代谢能与粗蛋白质水平基本一致的情况下，对京白种鸡进行饲喂试验。试验结果：两组在成活率、产蛋率、孵化率、平均蛋重均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而经济效益试验组明显优于对照组，平均每只母鸡多盈利３．９６元。结果表明，小麦青稞型日粮代替玉米型日粮完全可行。     

大麦粉替代不同比例玉米对奶牛生产性能的影响

选取泌乳天数、体重、产奶量相近的荷斯坦高产泌乳牛340头,随机分为试验组和对照组两组,每组170头.试验时间共28d,对照组全期饲喂全混合配方日粮(TMR),试验组分四阶段进行,每阶段7d,分别饲喂以10％、20％、30％、40％粉碎大麦粉替代玉米的TMR.结果发现:随着大麦粉替代玉米比例的增加,试验组采食量呈现下降趋...     

发酵玉米秸秆饲料对獭兔生长性能的影响

研究经复合菌剂发酵后的玉米秸秆对獭兔生长性能的影响,探讨利用发酵玉米秸秆进行獭兔节粮养殖的可行性。将200只试验獭兔分为四组,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组1饲喂90%常规日粮+10%发酵玉米秸秆,试验组2饲喂80%常规日粮+20%发酵玉米秸秆,试验组3饲喂70%常规日粮+30%发酵玉米秸秆,试验为期30 d,测定并计算各组獭兔的料重比与增重成本。结果显示:试验3组与对照组相比,其料重比提高7.65%(P<0.05),试验组1、2与对照组相比,其料重比分别降低2.38%(P<0.05)、6.41%(P<0.01),增重成本分别降低9.92%、14.40%、7.20%,差异显著(P<0.05)。由此得出用20%发酵玉米秸秆替代獭兔常规日粮,可显著降低其料重比与增重成本,研究结果为獭兔节粮养殖提供了新思路。     

谷物对饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮的仔鸡养分消化率、生长性能和盲肠短链脂肪酸浓度的影响

共设计五个试验，用全小麦、全高梁、全大麦替代玉米一豆粕基础日粮中的部分玉米来评价其对小鸡养分消化率、生长性能和盲肠短链脂肪酸浓度的影响。前4个试验选用新罕布什尔种鸡和哥伦布种鸡杂交的雄雏。在前2个试验中，饲喂5％、10％.     

小麦代替不同比例玉米并添加酶制剂对育肥蛋公雏饲喂效果的影响

为了探讨在玉米—豆粕型日粮中小麦代替部分玉米并添加酶制剂对育肥蛋公雏的饲喂效果,我们用１ 日龄新罗曼蛋公雏为试验动物, 用小麦代替玉米用量的１／３ 和２／ ３ 并添加好特美 Ｘ 或华芬酶Ⅰ,试验期７０ 天。结果表明：小麦代替不同比例的玉米并添加酶制剂后, 对其成活率和采食量无影响, 但腿部色泽随玉米用量减少黄色度下降。用小麦代替玉米用量的１／ ３ 和２／ ３ 并添加好特美 Ｘ , 对育肥蛋公雏的日增重、饲料报酬有促进作用, 经济效益也好于玉米—豆粕型日粮, 但发现用小麦代替玉米用量的２／ ３ 时腿部色泽较浅, 影响商品性。用小麦代替１／ ３ 和２／ ３ 的玉米并添加华芬酶 Ｉ, 前者有利于育肥蛋公雏的增重和提高饲料报酬, 后者可导致日增重和饲料报酬下降,２ 种代替比例并添加华芬酶 Ｉ 经济上均不合算。因此目前情况下, 综合考虑, 以小麦代替１／ ３ 玉米并添加好特美 Ｘ 在生产上有推广意义。     

不同来源高粱替代玉米对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道黏膜形态结构和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同来源高粱替代玉米对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道黏膜形态结构及血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。试验选取350羽1日龄体重相近的健康黄羽公鸡,随机分为7个组,每组5个重复,每个重复(栏)10只鸡。各组分别饲喂7种不同饲粮:基础饲粮(对照),分别以美国高粱、湖南高粱、内蒙古高粱替代基础饲粮中30%玉米,分别以美国高粱、湖南高粱、内蒙古高粱替代基础饲粮中50%玉米。试验全期56 d,分为前期(1~28日龄)、后期(29~56日龄)2阶段进行。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,3种不同来源高粱以30%、50%比例替代玉米对黄羽肉鸡生长性能无不良影响。2)湖南高粱替代50%玉米腹脂率较对照组显著提高(P0.05),其他各屠宰性能指标各组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)前期各组十二指肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值,空肠的绒毛高度、V/C值,回肠的肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度均无显著差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,美国高粱替代50%玉米显著提高了回肠V/C值(P0.05)。4)前期,随着内蒙古高粱和湖南高粱替代玉米的比例升高,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性略有下降趋势(P0.05);后期,随着内蒙古高粱和湖南高粱替代玉米的比例升高,血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)提高,50%替代时极显著提高(P0.01)。综上所述,在本试验中不同类型高粱替代玉米对黄羽肉鸡生长性能无不利影响,综合肠道黏膜形态结构及血清抗氧化指标认为以内蒙古高粱替代基础饲粮中50%玉米效果最佳。     

Grain source and processing in diets containing varying concentrations of wet corn gluten feed for finishing cattle

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate combinations of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and barley, as well as the particle size of dry-rolled barley and corn, in finishing steer diets containing WCGF. In Exp. 1, 144 crossbred steers (initial BW = 298.9 +/- 1.4 kg) were used to evaluate barley (0.566 kg/L and 23.5% NDF for whole barley) and WCGF combinations in finishing diets containing 0, 17, 35, 52, or 69% WCGF (DM basis), replacing barley and concentrated separator byproduct. A sixth treatment consisted of corn (0.726 kg/L and 11.1% NDF for whole corn), replacing barley in the 35% WCGF treatment. In Exp. 2, 144 crossbred steers (initial BW = 315.0 +/- 1.5 kg) were used to evaluate coarse or fine, dry-rolled barley or corn (0.632 and 0.699 kg/L; 26.6 and 15.9% NDF for whole barley and corn, respectively) in finishing diets containing WCGF. A factorial treatment design was used; the factors were grain source (corn or barley) and degree of processing (coarse or fine). The diets contained 50% WCGF, 42% grain (corn or barley), 5% alfalfa hay, and 3% supplement (DM basis). In Exp. 1, DMI and ADG responded quadratically (P < or = 0.03), peaking at 35 and 52% WCGF, respectively. The efficiency of gain was not affected (P > or = 0.42) by dietary treatment. Steers fed dry-rolled corn and 35% WCGF had heavier HCW, lower DMI, greater ADG, increased G:F, increased s.c. fat thickness at the 12th rib, and greater yield grades compared with steers fed dry-rolled barley and 35% WCGF (P < or = 0.04). The apparent dietary NEg was similar among the barley and WCGF combinations (P > or = 0.51); however, the corn and 35% WCGF diet was 25% more energy dense (P < 0.001) than was the barley and 35% WCGF diet. In Exp. 2, no grain x processing interactions (P > or = 0.39) were observed. Particle size was 2.15 and 2.59 mm for fine- and coarse-rolled barley and was 1.90 and 3.23 mm for fine- and coarse-rolled corn. Steers fed a combination of corn and WCGF had increased ADG, greater G:F, heavier HCW, larger LM area, more s.c. fat thickness at the 12th rib, greater yield grades, increased marbling, and more KPH compared with steers fed a combination of barley and WCGF (P < or = 0.03). Fine-rolling of the grain increased fat thickness (P = 0.04). The addition of WCGF to the barley-based diets increased DMI and gain. Decreasing grain particle size did not greatly affect performance of the steers fed the 50% WCGF diets; however, carcasses from the steers fed the fine-rolled grain contained more fat.     

大麦替代饲粮中玉米对生长育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

大麦替代玉米作为主要能量饲料 ,对育肥猪生长性能、胴体、肉质和消化器官影响的研究结果表明 ,大麦替代玉米后 ,育肥猪日增重显著下降 ,而料重比则明显提高 ,加酶后都得到有效改善 ;大麦组猪背最长肌脂肪含量和脂肪碘值分别降低了 30 .44 %(P<0 .0 5 )和 75 .0 7%(P<0 .0 1) ,加酶后只提高了背最长肌中脂肪含量 ;大麦组猪空肠绒毛高度降低了 42 .86 %(P<0 .0 5 ) ,加酶后得到恢复。由此可见 ,大麦不能直接替代玉米作为主要能量饲料 ,需加入特定的酶制剂 ,才能获得良好的经济效益。     

Effect of diet composition and feeding pattern on the prececal digestibility of starches from diverse botanical origins measured with the mobile nylon bag technique in horses

This trial was conducted to determine the extent of prececal starch digestibility depending on the botanical origin of starch and on diet characteristics (i.e., composition and feeding pattern). The prececal disappearance of six substrates (oats, barley, corn, horse bean, potato, and wheat) was measured in four cannulated horses fed (as-fed basis) 11.8 g/kg BW of a high-fiber (HF) or high-starch (HS) pelleted feed and 10.0 g/kg BW of meadow hay using the mobile bag technique (MBT). The daily feeding pattern was either three meals (two meals of pellets and one meal of hay) or five meals (three meals of pellets and two meals of hay). The experimental procedure was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement tested in a Latin square design. After 2 wk of adaptation to the diet, collections were made on 5 d. Thirty nylon bags, composed of five bags of each substrate, were intubated to each horse during the ingestion of the morning meal. Bags were collected in the cecum, using a magnet, at 9 h postintubation. In spite of strong interindividual differences, approximately 80% of the intubated bags were collected. On average, the mean retention time of the bags was 6.2 h (+/-0.17). Regardless of the feeding pattern, the transit of the bags was faster when the fiber content of the diet was higher (P = 0.003). Likewise, regardless of the meal composition, transit was also faster when the ration was split into five daily meals (P = 0.001). The DM disappearance, corrected with particulate losses (DMD(c)), differed depending on the substrate tested (33.5, 57.1, 63.8, 67.7, 78.6, and 86.2% for potato, horse bean, oats, barley, corn, and wheat, respectively; P = 0.001). The DMD(c) of corn, barley, and potato was higher when HS was fed (P = 0.020); regardless of the substrate, DMD(c) was higher with five daily meals (P = 0.001). The starch disappearance (StarchD(c)) was different depending on the substrate (P = 0.001; 36.1, 71.2, 86.6, 89.2, 99.0, and 99.7% for potato, horse bean, barley, corn, wheat, and oats, respectively). Whatever the substrate, StarchD(c) was higher when HS was fed (P = 0.007), but it was not affected by the feeding pattern of the diet. Although passage rate was modified and feed intake was different, the botanical origin of starch was the main factor that affected prececal starch disappearance in horses.     

菌糠配合饲料饲养肉用仔鸡试验

用菌糠替代肉用仔鸡基础日粮中的玉米，替代量从占日粮的１０％至全部替代，６周末统计空腹活重、料重比、成活率等。经方差分析表明，菌糠可以完全替代玉米，各组生产性能与对照组相比，差异不显著。     

Evaluation of rumen fatty acid hydrogenation intermediates and differences in bacterial communities after feeding wheat- or corn-based dried distillers grains to feedlot cattle

The effect of partially replacing rolled barley (86.6% of control diet) with 20% wheat dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS), 40% wheat DDGS, 20% corn DDGS, or 40% corn DDGS (dietary DM basis) on rumen fluid fatty acid (FA) composition and some rumen bacterial communities was evaluated using 100 steers (20 per treatment). Wheat DDGS increased the 11t- to 10t-18:1 ratio (P < 0.05) in rumen fluid and there was evidence that the conversion of trans-18:1 to 18:0 was reduced in the control and wheat DDGS diets but not in the corn DDGS diet. Bacterial community profiles obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and evaluated by Pearson correlation similarity matrices were not consistent for diet and, therefore, these could not be linked to different specific rumen FA. This inconsistency may be related to the nature of diets fed (dominant effect of barley), limited change in dietary composition as the result of DDGS inclusion, large animal-to-animal variation, and possibly additional stress as a result of transport just before slaughter. Ruminal densities of a key fiber-digesting bacteria specie that produces 11t-18:1 from linoleic and linolenic acids (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens), and a lactate producer originally thought responsible for production of 10t,12c-18:2 (Megasphaera elsdenii) were not influenced by diet (P > 0.05).     

平菇菌糠替换绵羊日粮中玉米的饲喂效果试验

用平菇菌糠按不同比例替换绵羊日粮精补料中的玉米,检验菌糠的饲用效果。体重25 kg左右的育成绵羊40只,分为5组,每日每只羊补充0.6 kg精补料,各组分别用平菇菌糠按风干重的0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的比例等量替换精补料中的玉米,粗饲料玉米秸自由采食。试验期28 d,称量绵羊始重、末重和精补料量。菌糠替换绵羊精补料中玉米的比例与增重相关,在试验各组间的统计差异不显著(P>0.05),替换比例在5%~15%增重和经济效果最佳。     

Barley grain for ruminants: A global treasure or tragedy

Barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.) is characterized by a thick fibrous coat, a high level of ß-glucans and simply-arranged starch granules. World production of barley is about 30 % of that of corn. In comparison with corn, barley has more protein, methionine, lysine, cysteine and tryptophan. For ruminants, barley is the third most readily degradable cereal behind oats and wheat. Due to its more rapid starch fermentation rate compared with corn, barley also provides a more synchronous release of energy and nitrogen, thereby improving microbial nutrient assimilation. As a result, feeding barley can reduce the need for feeding protected protein sources. However, this benefit is only realized if rumen acidity is maintained within an optimal range (e.g., > 5.8 to 6.0); below this range, microbial maintenance requirements and wastage increase. With a low pH, microbial endotoxines cause pro-inflammatory responses that can weaken immunity and shorten animal longevity. Thus, mismanagement in barley processing and feeding may make a tragedy from this treasure or pearl of cereal grains. Steam-rolling of barley may improve feed efficiency and post-rumen starch digestion. However, it is doubtful if such processing can improve milk production and feed intake. Due to the need to process barley less extensively than other cereals (as long as the pericarp is broken), consistent and global standards for feeding and processing barley could be feasibly established. In high-starch diets, barley feeding reduces the need for capacious small intestinal starch assimilation, subsequently reducing hindgut starch use and fecal nutrient loss. With its nutritional exclusivities underlined, barley use will be a factual art that can either matchlessly profit or harm rumen microbes, cattle production, farm economics and the environment.