浙江省桐乡市森林碳汇探讨

根据桐乡市森林资源清查等资料,结合实地调查,对桐乡森林资源的生态碳汇功能及前景进行了分析及建议.桐乡市森林生物量总碳汇约为24.4万吨,森林碳密度约为20.97吨/公顷;森林净初级生产力以碳量计算约为8万吨/年,森林土壤碳密度约为56.02吨/公顷,结果显示提高森林碳密度和土壤碳密度是增加桐乡市森林碳汇的有效手段.     

林火干扰对广东省2种典型针叶林森林生物碳密度的影响

[目的]定量研究不同林火干扰对森林生物碳库的变化规律,揭示林火干扰对森林生物碳密度的影响机制,为林火干扰后森林生态系统碳汇管理提供参考依据。[方法]以广东省亚热带2种典型针叶林为研究对象,采用相邻样地比较法,以野外调查采样与室内试验分析为主要手段,定量测定不同林火干扰强度对森林生物碳库(植被碳库和凋落物碳库)碳密度与碳分配格局的影响。[结果]林火干扰对亚热带2种典型针叶林的植被和凋落物碳密度有影响,均表现为对照>轻度林火干扰>中度林火干扰>重度林火干扰。轻度林火干扰对植被碳密度的影响差异不显著(P<0.05),而中度和重度林火干扰则显著降低了植被碳密度(P<0.05).相同林火干扰强度下,植被各组分碳密度的变化均表现为乔木最大。乔木碳密度在不同林火干扰强度下均呈现为对照>轻度林火干扰>中度林火干扰>重度林火干扰,而草本碳密度则呈现与乔木碳密度相反的变化趋势。林火干扰显著影响乔木和草本碳密度,亦对灌木碳密度产生了影响。不同林火干扰强度对凋落物碳密度的影响有所差异,但不同林火干扰强度均显著减少了凋落物碳密度(P<0.05),并随林火干扰强度的增加其减少幅度增大。[结论]林火干扰减少了植被和凋落物碳密度,进而对森林生态系统的碳密度产生重要影响。     

基于森林资源二类调查数据的大冶市森林植被碳储量和碳密度测算

森林通过吸收大气中的二氧化碳固定到碳库中，在“双碳”目标中起着碳中和的重要作用。本研究基于大冶市2019年林业资源二类调查小班数据，采用材积源生物量法对大冶市森林资源的植被碳储量和碳密度进行测算，结果表明：大冶市现有森林植被碳储量114.36×10⁴ t,平均植被碳密度为23.66 t·hm^-2;碳储量较高的区域主要集中分布在大冶南部山区，灌木林碳储量占比最高，其次为马尾松林；马尾松林的平均植被碳密度最高，达到35.64 t·hm^-2。该测算结果可为大冶市实现“双碳”目标以及森林资源的科学管理提供数据基础和决策依据。     

氮沉降对森林碳汇功能影响的研究进展

氮沉降增加对森林碳汇功能的大小和稳定性具有重要影响。文中介绍了森林碳汇对氮沉降增加响应的研究进展,概述了同位素技术在该研究领域的应用前景,指出在沉降增加条件下森林光合产物分配和土壤碳周转速率变化将是未来森林碳循环研究的热点。     

广西国有七坡林场森林碳汇价值评价

通过调查七坡林场的森林资源家底,科学评估林场森林碳储量和价值量。将七坡林场2015 年与2020 年资源现状进行对比,采用森林资源蓄积量扩展法,核算森林碳储量,分类统计碳汇价值 变化。结果表明,5年间,七坡林场森林面积增长78.1 hm²,森林蓄积量增加174 954 m³,森林碳储 量增加202 688.58 t;森林碳储量从2015 年的1 047 184.95 t 增加到2020 年的1 249 873.54 t,增加 202 688.58 t,增长率为19%;混交林面积从2015 年的130.0 hm²增加到2020 年的1 218.9 hm², 2020 年碳储量198 885.15 t,较2015年增长近13倍。由此可见,七坡林场2015—2020年期间林场 坚持在分区施策、分类经营和可持续发展原则的基础上,有计划、有步骤地开展森林经营管理活动, 加强森林资源保护与建设,在森林碳储量和碳汇价值提升上取得显著成效。以期为七坡林场科学 改进森林资源保护、经营和利用措施提供数据支撑,对评估区域森林生态系统碳汇能力、评价森林 碳汇价值提供借鉴。     

Active organic carbon pool of coniferous and broad-leaved forest soils in the mountainous areas of Beijing

In order to explore the effects of different forest types on active soil carbon pool, the amounts and density of soil organic carbon (SOC) were studied at different soil horizons under typical coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the mountainous area of Beijing. The results showed that the amount of total SOC, readily oxidizable carbon and particulate organic carbon decreased with increasing depths of soil horizons and the amounts at depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm in broad-leaved forest was clearly higher than that in coniferous forests. The trend of a decrease in SOC density with increasing depth of the soil horizon was similar to that of the amount of SOC. However, no regular trend was found for SOC density at different depths between coniferous forest and broad-leaved forests. The ratio of readily oxidizable carbon to total amount of SOC ranged from 0.36–0.45 and the ratio of particulate organic carbon to total amount of SOC from 0.28–0.73; the ratios decreased with increasing depths of soil horizons. Active SOC was significantly correlated with total SOC; the relationship between readily oxidizable carbon and particulate organic carbon was significant. A broad-leaved forest may produce more SOC than a coniferous forest.     

不同类型油松林生物量碳密度的研究

综合分析了油松林生物量碳密度的估算方法,对油松人工林与天然林、纯林与混交林碳密度进行比较,结果显示：油松天然林乔木层的碳密度（63．34t／hm2）是人工林（42．14t／hm2）的1．5倍,且其变化幅度大于人工林;油松天然林生态系统的碳密度（154．98t／hm2）大干人工林（103．46t／hm2）,其变化幅度也较人工林大。油松纯林乔木层碳密度（42．60t／hm2）大于混交林（28．31t／hm2）,而生态系统碳密度（95．89t／hm2）小于混交林（109．26t／hm2）。     

清华洞林场云南松飞播林固碳能力研究

采用对比研究的方法,结合实地调查与实验室测定,研究了祥云县清华洞林场云南松飞播林的固碳能力,结果表明:从1963年飞播到2009年调查期间,平均每公顷飞播林地固碳15.4t,年固碳速率为0.33t·(hm-2·a-1),该林场1963年飞播成效面积为1 493.3hm2,截至2009年,共固碳22 996.82t,平均每年固碳499.93t。     

未来中国森林碳蓄积预估初步研究

根据我国林业部分的规划,在持续、有序绿化的前提下,从2005~2044年,中国森林从大气中净吸收的C可达到51.74×108~125.30×108t,约占同期我国CO2排放总量的27.1%~65.6%。年吸收量呈逐年递增态势,2025~2044年间的年平均吸收量可达1.91×108t。在实现国土绿化的过程中,我国森林资源将强烈抑制大气CO2的升高,具有极其可观的生态效益、环境效益。我国森林资源CO2同化能力和碳蓄积量的双双提高,将为我国的经济发展预留更广阔的CO2排放空间,对我国参与国际间环境以碳排放的谈判具有实质性意义。     

北京市密云县冯家峪镇森林碳储量现状及潜力研究

针对密云县冯家峪镇9种典型森林类型,设置典型样地,开展乔木、灌木、草本、土壤和枯落物碳储量调查,并对增汇潜力进行分析。结果表明:1)冯家峪镇现有森林面积12 823.55hm2,总碳储量为692 141.73t;油松林的碳储量最高(195 806.52t),柞树林以144 831.77t次之,再次为落叶松人工林(74 597.60t)。2)冯家峪镇不同林分中,落叶松人工林的碳密度(72.02t/hm2)为最高,其次为油松人工林和刺槐人工林,分别为64.42t/hm2和62.87t/hm2,侧柏人工林的碳密度最低,为42.79t/hm2。在对总的碳密度的贡献中,乔木碳库和土壤碳库起着主要的作用。3)与全国森林植被碳储量平均水平(40.06t/hm2)相比,冯家峪镇森林通过合理经营其碳储量可增加潜力为166 400t。     

基于森林资源规划设计调查数据的森林碳储量估算分析--以镇沅县为例

基于云南省普洱市镇沅县2016年第四轮森林资源规划设计调查数据,从不同森林类型、不同起源、不同龄组、优势树种、乡镇等方面,通过生物量扩展因子法,估算了镇沅县森林资源生物量、碳密度及碳储量。结果表明:第四轮森林资源规划设计调查中,镇沅县森林植被碳储量总量为1511.38×104 tC;不同森林类型中,阔叶林碳储量较针叶林高,占主导地位;不同起源中,天然林在森林植被碳储量中起到更大的作用;不同龄组中碳储量由高到低为中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、幼龄林、过熟林;优势树种(组)中,思茅松和栎类碳储量所占比例最大;各乡镇中,勐大镇碳储量最大,和平镇最小。     

Research Advances in Effect of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Carbon Sequestration

Nitrogen deposition imposes important impact on the function and the stability of forest carbon sequestration.This paper reviewed the research advances in the increasing response of forest carbon sequestration to nitiogen deposition, described the application prospects of stable carbon isotope technique in the research field.And finally this paper pointed out that,on the condition that nitrogen deposition rises,on the allocation of forest photosynthetic products and the change in soil carbon turnover rate are the two hotspots in the future carbon cycling research.     

林火碳排放模型研究进展

林火作为干扰因子, 影响着森林演替、森林生物量和生产力以及生物地球化学循环。森林燃烧所释放的含碳温室气体对全球气候变化具有重要影响。对森林火灾释放的含碳气体进行有效估算, 可以弄清林火产生的含碳气体对全球碳循环的影响。文中介绍了2种林火碳排放模型, 即基于有效可燃物模型和火干扰下碳循环模型。通过对这2种估算方法的比较, 指出未来林火碳排放估算方法的发展趋势。     

森林城市的低碳措施规划探讨——以安徽池州为例

分析低碳森林城市层次与构成及城市森林的直接减排、间接减排和增加生态容量的低碳效应;分别从城市森林建设、城市低碳生活、城市低碳交通、城市低碳文化、低碳城市规划布局、城市低碳经济等六个方面探讨实现低碳森林城市的措施与建议。     

国有北岭山林场生态公益林碳储量和碳密度研究

研究以小班为基本研究单元,按起源分林龄对广东省肇庆市国有北岭山林场生态公益林碳储 量进行了研究。国有北岭山林场乔木林总碳储量为 278.0×106kg,其中生态公益林碳储量为 244.9×106kg。生态公益林中天然林在不同林龄间的林分间平均碳密度不存在显著差异,范围（25.24±1.02）~ （28.01±1.69）×103 kg/hm2;而人工林则存在显著的差异,以 20~40 a 林龄的林分最大,为（34.22±2.77） ×103 kg/hm2,其次为大于 40 a 林龄的林分,为（23.34±0.72×103kg/hm2。在 20~40 a 林龄的生态公益林中,人工林平均碳密度显著大于天然林,但在大于 40 a 林龄的林分中,则显著小于天然林。     

湖南主要森林类型碳汇功能及其经济价值评价

利用湖南省森林资源主要数据汇编(1999—2003年),依据不同森林类型生物量与蓄积量之间的回归方程,对湖南省几种主要森林类型的生物量和碳贮量进行了推算,分析了不同林龄结构的碳密度以及天然林与人工林的碳贮量,并对整个湖南省的森林经济价值进行估算。结果表明:湖南省主要森林类型的总碳贮量为94.935 Tgc,碳汇总经济价值为70 723.26万元,固定CO2的经济效益达259 554.36万元。阔叶树的碳汇能力最强,其次是杉木和马尾松;湖南省的天然林和人工林的碳贮量相差不大,不同龄组碳密度高低排序的基本规律是:过熟林>成熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林;而中龄林的碳贮量最多,过熟林碳贮量最少。     

鄂西北主要森林类型碳密度特征

将鄂西北山区典型森林生态系统划分为13种森林类型,在系统调查样地乔木层、灌木层、枯落物层及土壤层碳含量的基础上,对不同森林类型碳密度进行了估算。结果表明:鄂西北森林生态系统平均碳密度为175.812t·C·hm-2,各层碳密度的大小顺序为土壤层(110.130t·C·hm-2)乔木层(48.278t·C·hm-2)灌木层(15.187t·C·hm-2)枯落物层(2.217t·C·hm-2),各层分别占整个生态系统碳储量的62.64%,27.46%,8.64%和1.26%。天然林不同林龄碳密度排序为近成过熟林中龄林幼龄林,人工林不同森林类型碳密度排序为针阔混交林针叶林阔叶林。     

兴安落叶松林3个类型生物及土壤碳储量比较研究

运用森林生态学典型样地法设立标准地并获取野外数据,采用重铬酸钾—硫酸氧化湿烧法测定了生物、土壤中的碳。通过对兴安落叶松林3个类型生物及土壤碳储量的比较研究表明:兴安落叶松不同器官中碳素密度变化范围为0.4946~0.5352g/g;杜香落叶松林、草类落叶松林、杜鹃落叶松林生态系统总的碳储量分别为173.21t/hm2、207.81t/hm2、118.95t/hm2,其中生物碳储量分别为53.41t/hm2、86.23t/hm2、33.76t/hm2,土壤碳储量分别为119.80t/hm2、121.58t/hm2、85.19t/hm2;兴安落叶松林有机碳年净固定量为3.51t/(hm2.a)。     

Uncertainties of mapping aboveground forest carbon due to plot locations using national forest inventory plot and remotely sensed data

Abstract

Forest carbon sinks significantly contribute to mitigation of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. Thus, estimating forest carbon is becoming important to develop policies for mitigating climate change and trading carbon credits. However, a great challenge is how to quantify uncertainties in estimation of forest carbon. This study investigated uncertainties of mapping aboveground forest carbon due to location errors of sample plots for Lin-An County of China. National forest inventory plot data and Landsat TM images were combined using co-simulation algorithm. The findings show that randomly perturbing plot locations within 10 distance intervals statistically did not result in biased population mean predictions of aboveground forest carbon at a significant level of 0.05, but increased root mean square errors of the maps. The perturbations weakened spatial autocorrelation of aboveground forest carbon and its correlation with spectral variables. The perturbed distances of 800 m or less did not obviously change the spatial distribution of predicted values. However, when the perturbed distances were 1600 m or larger, the correlation coefficients of the predicted values from the perturbed locations with those from the true plot locations statistically did not significantly differ from zero at a level of 0.05 and the spatial distributions became random.     

Loss of carbon sequestration potential after several decades of shifting cultivation in the Southern Yucatán

Cumulative losses from shifting cultivation in the tropics can affect the local to regional to global balance of carbon and nutrient cycles. We determined whether shifting cultivation in the Southern Yucatán causes feedbacks that limit future forest productivity and carbon sequestration potential. Specifically, we tested how the recovery of carbon stocks changes with each additional cultivation-fallow cycle. Live aboveground biomass, coarse woody debris, fine woody debris, forest floor litter and soil were sampled in 53 sites (39 secondary forests 2–25 years old, with one to four cultivation-fallow cycles, and 14 mature forests) along a precipitation gradient in Campeche and Quintana Roo, Mexico. From the first to the third or fourth cultivation-fallow cycle, mean carbon stocks in live aboveground biomass debris declined 64%. From the first to the third cycle, coarse woody debris declined by 85%. Despite declining inputs to soil with each cultivation-fallow cycle, soil carbon stocks did not further decline after the initial conversion from mature to secondary forest. The combined aboveground and soil carbon stock declined almost 36% after conversion from mature forest, however two additional cultivation cycles did not promote further significant decline, largely because of the stability of the soil carbon pool. Although age was the dominant factor in predicting total carbon stocks of secondary forests under shifting cultivation, the number of cultivation-fallow cycles should not be neglected. Understanding change beyond the first cycle of deforestation will enhance forest management at a local scale by improving predictions of secondary forest productivity and related agricultural productivity. A multi-cycle approach to deforestation is critical for regional and national evaluation of forest-based carbon sequestration. Finally, models of the global carbon cycle can be better constrained with more accurate quantification of carbon fluxes from land-use change.