浅析美国袖珍公园典型代表——佩雷公园

美国城市中的袖珍公园也称“迷你”公园,指规模很小的城市开放空间,常呈斑块状散落在城市结构中,主要为附近居民服务。城市中的各种小型绿地、小公园、街心花园、社区小型运动场所等都是身边常见的袖珍公园。1967年5月23日,美国纽约53号大街的佩雷(Parlay Park)公园正式开园,这一新形式的城市公共空间的问世,标志着袖...     

经营措施对林地长期生产力影响的研究策略

随着社会对木材需求量的增大及更多的天然林被划为环境保护林,人工林在未来木材生产中将起越来越大的作用,致使林地长期生产力的维护问题引起了全世界的重视.主要介绍了经营措施对林地长期生产力影响的研究策略,并比较了演替时序研究、追溯研究及长期定位试验3种研究方法的优缺点及应用概况.     

我国发展木结构房屋的前景分析

本文简要介绍了国内外木质结构房屋的发展状况。结合实际国情分析了我国发展木结构房屋的优势以及存在的问题 ,认为目前我国发展木结构建筑的市场潜力很大 ,但真正的开发需要一个过程 ,尚有许多问题有待解决。     

改性处理在提高木材耐腐性方面的研究概况

随着人类环境意识的提高,某些对环境和人体健康有较大影响的木材防腐剂(如铬化砷酸铜CCA)的使用受到限制或禁止。除了开发新的环保型木材防腐剂外,木材改性处理作为木材保护的另一手段,它在提高木材耐腐性方面的研究日益受到关注。本文主要介绍了木材改性处理的方法及防腐机理,并综述了国内外关于木材化学改性处理(以及热处理)后木材的耐腐性(以及抗虫蚁性)方面的研究现状,指出了我国在利用改性方法提高木材耐腐性方面研究所存在的问题,展望了今后研究和发展的方向。     

现代框架式木结构住宅建造技术探讨

介绍了框架式木结构体系的特点,对框架式木结构住宅的建造技术进行了探讨;指出框架式木结构住宅建造中须进行防腐、防蚁处理,同时给出了框架式木结构住宅的验收和管理办法。     

基于时间序列遥感的武汉绿地景观格局与气溶胶光学厚度的相关性

绿地作为消减颗粒物污染的重要载体,对缓解空气污染具有重要作用。既往研究虽然从不同尺度对绿地和空气污染的关系进行了研究,但从遥感数据的时间序列对以AOD为代表的综合空气污染物与绿地的相关性及其模型规律研究却鲜少涉及。文章选取武汉市2000—2015年的绿地与AOD为对象,运用ENVI解译遥感影像获取绿地和MODIS AOD数据,进而运用Fragstats计算绿地及其因子的景观指数,在10km网格尺度探讨绿地及其因子的景观指数与其对应的平均AOD值的相关规律,并得出规律模型,旨在为城乡规划设计、生态类相关规划设计与空气污染防治等提供参考。     

当代木材科学的发展趋势

文章从木材的解剖、化学、物理、力学、干燥、防腐等领域,阐述了现代木材科学正向纵向深入和横向交叉的方向发展。木材科学正面临着因环境、木制品性能和木材优化加工等社会重大问题的挑战。国际间共享木材科研成果、共享设备的呼声日益高涨,研究的合作化和国际化正成为现代木材科学发展的重要途径。     

小区景观设计对居住环境的影响

21世纪人类居住环境具有科学性、设施配套智能化、环境艺术设计人性化等多方面的特点。居住区一一作为人类居住生活的物质载体,具有居住性、舒适性、耐久性、经济性等基本要求,方便、舒适、和谐是构建21世纪未来居住区的主题,人居环境的可持续发展,为新世纪的人居环境建设的重点,可持续发展的人类居住区是人们所渴望的,绿色住宅、生态住宅也是21世纪居住区必须的发展方向。     

实体木材中甲醛释放研究

甲醛释放限量是人造板及其制品健康环保的重要指标。确定科学合理的绿色人造板及其制品甲醛释放限量值,必须研究实体木材中甲醛的释放规律。为了制定绿色人造板及其产品的评价标准,文中介绍了实体木材的甲醛含量、甲醛的来源以及影响因素,分析木材中醛和酮的释放机制,并基于制定绿色人造板标准的需要提出了研究展望。     

木质剩余物制备模塑包装材料研究进展

以木质剩余物为主要原料研制模塑包装材料,既能使我国林区剩余物得到有效利用,促进经济发展,又能满足包装市场对绿色包装材料的需求.分析我国木质剩余物的广阔利用空间和植物纤维模塑包装材料的研究价值,论述国内外有关植物纤维制备包装材料的研究现状,阐述利用木质剩余物制备模塑包装材料的制备工艺,对剩余物植物纤维模塑包装材料的发展趋势进行展望.     

异叶南洋杉人工林木材生材性质研究

为合理利用异叶南洋杉人工林木材,通过排水法、质量法和数值法对异叶南洋杉人工林的生材性质展开研究,结果表明,异叶南洋杉人工林木材树皮体积百分率、质量百分率、生材密度、基本密度和生材含水率的平均值分别为11.39%、13.78%、0.842 g/cm³、0.394 g/cm³和121.43%。随异叶南洋杉树高的增加,树皮体积百分率和质量百分率总体呈增大趋势;生材密度和基本密度总体呈下降趋势;生材含水率总体呈先升高后降低的趋势。以期为异叶南洋杉人工林木材的合理利用提供数据支持和理论支撑。     

Impact of urbanization on plant diversity: A case study in built-up areas of Beijing

Urbanization is developing rapidly in the world, which seriously changes the habitat of organisms and has clearly a negative effect on biodiversity. Preservation of biodiversity is crucial in urban planning and management, which is also an important symbol for the level of greening. Problems such as scarcity of urban green space and plant species have become obstacles to the establishment of ecological friendly cities. However, coexistence of nature and modernization, as well the coordination of economic development and biodiversity, are goals that people are seeking. We have taken the builtup areas of Beijing as a study case and discussed the impacts of urbanization on plant diversity, with the support of fieldwork and SPOT remote sensing data. The results are as follows： 1） in the process of urbanization, exotic plants have been widely introduced, which has affected species composition and the proportion of native plants; it is clear that artificial green spaces always will have a lower level of plant diversity than natural green spaces; 2） functional differences of green space types partially decide their species abundance, so that plant diversity in greenbelts and streets is generally lower than in parks; 3） the spatial variety of plant diversity contributes much to the imbalance of district de- velopment and the planning of different functional zones; this variation is embodied in different ring-belts and directions; 4） habitat fragmentation also affects plant diversity to a great extent; there is a significant positive correlation between high fragmentation and low plant diversity. According our results, some suggestions are proposed, which would be suitable for the preservation of plant di- versity and ecological improvement during urbanization.     

中国木材资源结构变化与木材科学研究对策

我国木材资源形势严峻,现木材年缺口量已达到5000万m3,随着天然林资源的减少以及人口、能源、环境问题的日益突出,木材供求矛盾随之加剧。大力定向培育人工林并对木材资源充分合理利用、高效利用是缓解我国21世纪木材供求矛盾的根本途径,而加强木材科学基础研究是实现人工林定向培育及木材资源高效利用的前提。随着木材资源结构的变化,木材科学研究需要突破传统内涵,开创新的外延,实行一个中心,两个结合的战略研究对策,重点开展以人工林木材性质为中心,及其与营林培育和加工利用相结合的基础研究,为实现林木定向培育和木材资源高效利用,以缓解我国21世纪木材供求矛盾提供科学依据和理论指导。     

城市鸟类群落与绿地关系研究进展

城市化进程的加快使城市生物多样性保护及发展面临严峻的考验。城市鸟类对环境变化敏感，与人类活动关系密切，是衡量城市生物多样性的重要指示物种。鸟类在城市化地区的分布和生活，与城市绿地关系密切。探究城市绿地与鸟类的关系对城市生物多样性提升、生态系统保护，以及动物景观环境改善等方面具有重要意义。文中从城市绿地的尺度、空间分布、破碎化、边缘效应、连通性、类型和结构等方面对城市鸟类群落的影响进行归纳评述，并提出今后的研究拓展方向，以期为保护城市绿地中鸟类的多样性提供参考。     

佳木斯市保障性住房建设浅析

东北边陲名城佳木斯市于2011～2012年建设规模近90万m2的保障性住房工程,此工程解决了当地近三万中低收入居民的居住问题,本项目是扶持城市居民住房困难群体政策性补助工程,具有良好的社会效益。     

Smallholder perceptions of agroforestry projects in Panama

The potential effects of agroforestry systems on conservation and development have been well documented. Panama has seen a substantial rise in the number of projects with an agroforestry component in the 1990s. There has been insufficient research on the actual impacts of these projects on smallholders and of farmers' attitudes towards these systems. This study explores the perceived socioeconomic and environmental impacts of five agroforestry projects in Panama. A total of 68 smallholders were administered semi-structured interviews. In addition, 13 agroforestry experts from NGOs, government departments and research institutes were interviewed, and their responses were compared with those of the smallholders. While the projects led to an increase in the standard of living by providing wood products and fruit for domestic consumption, farm income levels generally remained unchanged. This was due primarily to limited market development, the lack of marketing organizations and poor access roads. In terms of environmental impacts, the farmers' responses suggested a slight decline in slash-and-burn agriculture, and an increase in tree planting activities. Some environmental benefits were observed by farmers, including reduced soil erosion, increased soil fertility, and improved quality and quantity of water sources. Nevertheless, slash-and-burn agriculture was still the norm for the majority of farmers. Most farmers continued to harvest wood from primary and secondary growth to meet their domestic wood requirements, rather than relying on trees planted in agroforestry projects. The main obstacles preventing increased agroforestry adoption included insufficient agroforestry extension, inappropriate project design or management (such as top-down management approaches, and the use of food incentives), smallholders' economic constraints, and larger policy issues. Recommendations are proposed to improve project design and management, and to address the economic and policy constraints. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于公共健康风险感知的城市广场更新策略研究

在全球公共卫生传染性疾病事件频发背景下,广场空间既要满足人们的休闲娱乐需求,又要兼顾预防公共健康风险的要求。基于图像数据,通过机器视觉识别以及图像评分的方式探究海珠广场环境要素对公共健康传染性疾病风险感知的影响。结果表明,道路、人行道、建筑、栅栏、地形和人是影响公共健康风险感知的重要环境要素。其中,道路、人行道、建筑、栅栏和人与可控性风险感知呈显著负相关,与易染性和恐慌性风险感知呈显著正相关。地形与可控性风险感知呈显著正相关。基于此,提出更新策略:提升绿色空间品质,构建疗愈性户外环境;优化空间布局,营造弹性化的城市广场空间;优化人流量管理,发挥城市广场公共健康效应。     

广东省河源市城区绿地彩叶植物资源调查及应用

为进一步掌握河源市城区彩叶植物种类、观赏特性及应用状况，对河源市城区主要公园、广场、单位、居住区、道路绿化等绿地开展实地调查。结果表明，河源市城区绿地彩叶植物种类较为丰富，共有62科108属149种，以乔灌木为主，有114种，占比76.51%；景观可持续时间长，全年有彩叶植物景观可赏；植物配置形式丰富多样，以基础种植、丛植、片植和列植居多。基于调查结果，提出河源市城区绿地应合理运用彩叶植物配植结构、增加乡土彩叶植物应用和加强养护管理等建议。     

城市森林火灾成因及预防扑救技术

随着经济发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们更愿意在森林中或靠近森林的地方居住。但伴随而来的是居民用火对森林造成威胁,与此同时,森林火灾也对居民住宅带来隐患。住宅在森林中的出现导致森林火灾的危险性增高,住宅、木棚、院落、车库及其他建筑物分布靠近森林,也给森林火灾的预防和扑救敲响警钟,近年来"家火上山,山火进城"的情况屡有发生,需加强有关研究。       

Application and Prospect of Organic Biocides in Timber Preservation

Organic biocides as timber preservatives have aroused more and more attention,because metal salts especially arsenic,chrome and so on, have been suspected to be poisonous to the soil and aquatic animals,as well as the disposal of preserved timber wastes.Therefore,a number of effective organic biocides have been selected to prevent wood or bamboo from decay,mildew, stain and so on.Most of these products have entered into the market.With people’s increasing awareness of the environmental protection,organic biocides will eventually play important roles in timber preservation in the future.This paper summarized the studies on application of organic biocides as wood or bamboo preservatives,including resistant mechanisms,commonly applied types and effects against wood or bamboo fungi,approaches to detecting the amount of organic biocides in timber and their influences on the environment.Based on the discussion above,the authors predicted the developing prospect of organic biocides in timber preservation.