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1.
Henning Nordmeyer 《Precision Agriculture》2006,7(3):219-231
Site-specific weed control in winter cereals was performed on the same fields every year over a 5-year period (1999–2003). The most common weeds (Apera spica-venti, Galium aparine, Veronica hederifolia, Viola arvensis) were counted by species, at grid points which were georeferenced and the data were analysed spatially. For weed control, weeds were grouped into three classes: grass, broad-leaved weeds (without Galium aparine), and Galium aparine. Based on weed distribution maps generated by the spatial analyses, herbicide application maps were created and site-specific herbicide application was carried out for grouped and or single weed species. This resulted in a significant reduction in herbicide use. Averaging the results for all fields and years, the total field area treated with herbicides was 39% for grass weeds, 44% for broad-leaved weeds (without Galium aparine) and 49% for Galium aparine. Therefore, site-specific weed control has the potential to reduce herbicide use compared to broadcast application, thus giving environmental and economic benefits. 相似文献
2.
Hai Xu Hongguang Liu Chunjie Zhu Li Yang Yanhua Guo Jiayu Wang Qianhua Yang Zhengjin Xu Jiakui Zheng Wenfu Chen 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2008,2(1):23-29
Two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) populations, RILSA derived from the cross between “Zhongyouzao8” (indica) and “Toyonihiki” (japonica) rice cultivars, and RILSB derived from the cross between “Qishanzhan” (indica) and “Akihikari” (japonica) rice cultivars, were grown in Liaoning and Sichuan Provinces, China to understand the effects of ecological environments
on the subspecies characteristics and economic traits in filial generations of cross between indica and japonica. The results showed that both the subspecies characteristics and economic traits changed significantly. The effects of ecological
environments on Cheng’s index and six subspecies characteristics were different on the basis of populations or characteristics.
The distribution of Cheng’s index in RILSA was japonicalinous in Liaoning and Sichuan. The distribution of Cheng’s index in RILSB approached to normal distribution in Liaoning, but it
was japonicalinous in Sichuan. As a whole, the two populations were more japonicalious in Sichuan than in Liaoning. The panicle number, seed setting rate and per-thousand-grain weight were decreased significantly
in Sichuan. The grain number per panicle showed no significant change. A significant positive correlation was found between
Cheng’s index and the economic traits, including six subspecies traits. It suggested that the reason that the filial generation
of cross between indica and japonica in northern China showed japonicanous subspecies characteristics might be the artificial selection by breeders on the economic traits. In addition, indica-japonica differentiation and the relationship with ecological environments were discussed.
__________
Translated from Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(8): 42–47 [译自: 自然科学进展] 相似文献
3.
Michael S. Carolan 《Agriculture and Human Values》2006,23(3):325-339
This paper examines sustainable agriculture’s steady rise as a legitimate farm management system. In doing this, it offers an account of social change that centers on trust and its intersection with networks of knowledge. The argument to follow is informed by the works of Foucault and Latour but moves beyond this literature in important ways. Guided by and building upon earlier conceptual framework first forwarded by Carolan and Bell (2003, Environmental Values 12: 225–245), sustainable agriculture is examined through the lens of a “phenomenological challenge.” In doing this, analytic emphasis centers on the interpretative resources of everyday life and the artful act of practice – in other words, on “the local.” Research data involving Iowa farmers and agriculture professionals are examined to understand how social relations of trust and knowledge are contested and shaped within and between agricultural social networks and organizational configurations. All of this is meant to further our understanding of what “sustainable agriculture” is and is not, who it is, and how these boundaries change over time.
Michael
S. Carolan
is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Colorado State University. His areas of specialization included environmental sociology, sociology of science and knowledge, sociology of food systems and agriculture, and the sociology of risk. Some of his recent writings have focused on the theorizing of nature–society relations, epistemological issues related to agriculture (and sustainable agriculture in particular), and the processes by which knowledge claims are constructed and contested in response to environmental threats. 相似文献
4.
Steffen Gebhardt Jürgen Schellberg Reiner Lock Walter Kühbauch 《Precision Agriculture》2006,7(3):165-178
Digital image processing has the potential to support the identification of plant species required for site-specific weed control in grassland swards. The present study focuses on the identification of one of the most invasive and persistent weed species on European grassland, the broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L., R.o.), in complex mixtures of perennial ryegrass with R.o. and other herbs.A total of 108 digital photographs were obtained from a field experiment under constant recording geometry and illumination conditions. An object-oriented image classification was performed. Image segmentation was done by transforming the red, green, blue (RGB) colour images to greyscale intensity images. Based on that, local homogeneity images were calculated and a homogeneity threshold (0.97) was applied to derive binary images. Finally, morphological opening was performed. The remaining contiguous regions were considered to be objects. Features describing shape, colour and texture were calculated for each of these objects. A Maximum-likelihood classification was done to discriminate between the weed species. In addition, rank analysis was used to test how combinations of features influenced the classification result.The detection rate of R.o. varied with the training dataset used for classification. Average R.o. detection rates ranged from 71 to 95% for the 108 images, which included more than 3,600 objects. Misclassifications of R.o. occurred mainly with Plantago major (P.m.). Between 9 and 16% R.o. objects were classified incorrectly as P.m. and 17–24% P.m. objects were misclassified as R.o. The classification result was influenced by the defined object classes (R.o., P.m., T.o., soil, residue vs. R.o., residue). For instance, classification rates were 86–91% and 65–82% for R.o. exclusively and R.o. against the remaining herb species, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Keiko Tanaka 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):567-580
Using the case of food safety governance reform in Japan between 2001 and 2003, this paper examines the relationship between
science and trust. The paper explains how the discovery of the first BSE positive cow and consequent food safety scandals
in 2001 politicized the role of science in protecting the safety of the food supply. The analysis of the Parliamentary debate
focuses on the contestation among legislators and other participants over three dimensions of risk science, including “knowledge,”
“objects,” and “beneficiaries.” The metaphor of “seven samurai” and the relationally situated roles of “samurai,” “bandits,”
and “beneficiaries” are used to show that in the process of policy making certain moral and ethical expectations on a new
expert institution for food safety were contested and negotiated to frame responsibilities and commitments of social actors for creating the food
system based on trust.
相似文献
Keiko TanakaEmail: |
6.
Ann Finan 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(1):81-96
Small-scale, artisanal livestock production is framed as “other” by conventional livestock producers, and rural communities.
This alterity, although not without cost, allows women to be involved as active entrepreneurs and managers in artisanal livestock
production and also allows farmers to pursue management strategies with the explicit purpose of enhancing animal welfare.
The case study presented here, an artisanal goat dairy farm managed by three women, demonstrates that by embracing feminine
care identities, these women carve a space for themselves within livestock production in which they can pursue their own economic
and affective goals. Analysis of ethnographic data also demonstrates that farmers’ decision-making regarding animal production
is based on both affective and instrumental concerns. If we are to understand and operationalize the affective component of farmer decision making based
on the livestock–farmer relationship, we must begin to consider to what extent livestock themselves are social actors. 相似文献
7.
Differences in perceptions and knowledge of crop diseases constitute a major obstacle in farmer–researcher cooperation, which
is necessary for sustainable disease management. Farmers’ perceptions and management of crop diseases in the northern Ethiopian
Regional State of Tigrai were investigated in order to harness their knowledge in the participatory development of integrated
disease management (IDM) strategies. Knowledge of disease etiology and epidemiology, cultivar resistance, and reasons for
the cultivation of susceptible cultivars were investigated in a total of 12 tabias (towns) in ten weredas (districts). Perception of diseases involved both scientific and spiritual conceptual frameworks. Of the more than 30 crop
diseases recorded on the major crops in the region, only rusts and powdery mildews (locally called humodia) and a few root rots were considered by farmers to be important. Farmers’ awareness of other diseases was extremely low;
some highly damaging but less conspicuous diseases, such as faba bean chocolate spot and chickpea ascochyta blight (also called
humodia), were not regarded by farmers as disease but as problems caused primarily by excessive soil moisture. Considering that some
of these “unrecognized” diseases can cause complete yield loss and genetic erosion in epiphytotic years, there is an urgent
need for bringing together farmers’ and scientists’ knowledge to complement each other. Even when farmers had access to disease-resistant
or disease-tolerant cultivars, they grew susceptible local varieties because of multiple criteria including earliness, good
yield in years with low humodia severity, suitability for home consumption, market demand/quality, and low soil fertility
and land management requirements. Farmer innovation and knowledge were evident in their use of diverse disease control measures,
but these were a mixture of the “useful and the useless.” Our findings stress the necessity for extension workers and researchers
to understand and improve farmers’ knowledge of crop diseases, and farmers’ ability to observe and experiment, through the
Farmer Field School or a similar experiential learning approach. These insights about farmers’ knowledge of crop diseases
provide a basis for further collaborative maintenance of crop genetic diversity, development of germplasm, and IPM-related
research in Africa.
相似文献
Mathew M. AbangEmail: |
8.
This paper contributes to the growing social science scholarship on organic agriculture in the global South. A “boundary”
framework is used to understand how negotiation among socially and geographically disparate social worlds (e.g., non-governmental
organizations (NGOs), foreign donors, agricultural researchers, and small-scale farmers) has resulted in the diffusion of
non-certified organic agriculture in Kenya. National and local NGOs dedicated to organic agriculture promotion, training,
research, and outreach are conceptualized as “boundary organizations.” Situated at the intersection of multiple social worlds,
these NGOs engage in “strategic bridge building” and “strategic boundary-work.” Strategic bridge building involves the creation
and use of “boundary objects” and “hybrid forms” that serve as meeting grounds for otherwise disconnected social worlds. Strategic
boundary-work involves efforts to “scientize,” and thereby legitimize, organic agriculture in the eyes of foreign donors,
potential research collaborators, the Kenyan state, and farmers. Examples of strategic bridge building and boundary-work are
presented in the paper. The Kenyan case illustrates that different social actors can unite around a shared objective – namely,
the promotion and legitimization of organic agriculture as an alternative to the Green Revolution (GR) technological package.
相似文献
Jessica R. GoldbergerEmail: |
9.
Dongyan Qu Zhangping Yang Xiaoya Guo Yongjiang Mao Wei Sun Rongqing Gen Xianglian Ren Guobing Chang Danli Huang Hong Chang Yuehui Ma 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2007,1(4):472-477
The genomes of six populations were screened using microsatellites as molecular markers, including Ujmuqin sheep, small-tailed
Han sheep, Tan sheep, Hu sheep, Tong sheep and Yangtse River Delta (YRD) white goat. A total of seven microsatellite markers
were used and genetic diversity and genetic distance were also determined. The results showed that there were 224 alleles
in six populations, all seven loci showed polymorphism in all populations. The average heterozygosity of all populations was
0.949 9, and the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of all six populations was 0.842 5–0.929 4. The six sheep (goat) popualtions were lowly differentiated with all loci, and
the coefficient of phaenotype differentiation (Fst) was 2.6%, which was consistent with the coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst). The global heterozygote deficit across of all populations (Fit) amounted to 0.5%. The overall significant deficit of heterozygotes because of inbreeding within breeds (Fis) amounted to −2.2%. Two Unweighted Pair-group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) dendrograms were constructed on the
basis of Nei’s standard genetic distance (DS) and Nei’s genetic distance (DA) respectively. Hu sheep and Tong sheep were grouped
at first, Ujmuqin sheep and small-tailed Han sheep clustered and then clustered with Tan sheep. Finally, Yangtse River Delta
white goat joined in with all above. From this study, Ujmuqin sheep belongs to “Mongolia sheep” group, which corresponds with
the historical records exactly. Ujmuqin sheep and small-tailed Han sheep, Tan sheep, Hu sheep and Tong sheep all vest in the
“Mongolia sheep” group. 相似文献
10.
Joe D. Luck Santosh K. Pitla Rodrigo S. Zandonadi Michael P. Sama Scott A. Shearer 《Precision Agriculture》2011,12(4):534-545
Pesticide application is an essential practice on many U.S. crop farms. Off-rate pesticide application errors may result from
velocity differential across the spray boom while turning, pressure fluctuations across the spray boom, or changes in boom-to-canopy
height due to undulating terrain. The sprayer path co-ordinates and the status (on or off) of each boom control section were
recorded using the sprayer control console which provided map-based automatic boom section control. These data were collected
for ten fields of varying shapes and sizes located in central Kentucky. In order to estimate potential errors resulting from
sprayer turning movements, a method was developed to compare the differences in application areas between spray boom control
sections. The area covered by the center boom control section was considered the “target rate area” and the difference in
these areas and the areas covered by remaining control sections were compared to estimate application rate errors. The results
of this analysis conducted with sprayer application files collected from ten fields, many containing impassable grassed waterways,
indicated that a substantial portion of the fields (6.5–23.8%) could have received application in error by more than ±10%
of the target rate. Off-rate application errors exceeding ±10% of the target rate for the study fields tended to increase
as the average turning angles increased. The implication of this is that producers may be unintentionally applying at off-label
rates in fields of varying shapes and sizes where turning movements are required. 相似文献
11.
Acquirement of a new male sterile germplasm of Chinese jujube 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A male sterile germplasm of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), named ‘male sterile No.1’ (JMS1), was firstly identified from a natural population through studies of pollen amount
and vitality and its anatomy. Its microspores got massed and then disaggregated after the tetrad stage during pollen development.
Then its anthers became empty, or only pollen vestiges remained in the yellow buds. The pollen became abortive after the tetrad
stage. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of tapetum at the tetrad stage were related to pollen abortion. In view of its moderate
embryo fertility, big fruit-size and early maturing, ‘JMS1’ could be used as a worthwhile female parent in the cross breeding
of Chinese jujube.
__________
Translated from Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2006, 33(2): 374–377 [译自: 园艺学报] 相似文献
12.
In light of growing concerns about obesity, Winson (2004, Agriculture and Human Values 21(4): 299–312) calls for more research into the supermarket foodscape as a point of connection between consumers and food
choice. In this study, we systematically examine the marketing of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals to children in Toronto, Ontario
supermarkets. The supermarket cereal aisle is a relatively unstudied visual collage of competing brands, colors, spokes-characters,
and incentives aimed at influencing consumer choice. We found that breakfast cereal products with higher-than-average levels
of sugar, refined grains, and trans-fats are more likely to feature child-oriented marketing in the form of spokes-characters,
themed cereal shapes/colors, and child incentives on cereal boxes. These forms of visual communication are consistent with
a “health exploitive” pattern of targeted marketing to children in the supermarket setting. Only one aspect of visual communication
is consistent with a “health protective” pattern of marketing to children—cereals shelved within reach of children aged 4–8
had less sugar per serving and were less likely to contain trans-fats than less reachable products. We discuss the implications
of our findings for the measurement and regulation of marketing to children in North American supermarkets.
Brent Berry who has a PhD from the University of Michigan, is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. His most recent research has sought to untangle the casual processes underlying socioeconomic disparities in health over the lifecourse. Brent has also developed innovative visual approaches for systematically studying interracial friendships, homelessness, and marketing in supermarkets. Brent has also published work on race and ethnic relations, residential segregation, social theory, and family intergenerational support. His work has been published in Demography, Health, Evaluation Review, Ethnic and Racial Studies, the Journal of Family Issues, and the American Journal of Economics and Sociology. Taralyn McMullen is a doctoral candidate in Sociology at the University of Toronto. Taralyn is interested in the sociology of health and illness, with emphasis on issues of food insecurity. In addition to her collaborative work with Brent Berry, Taralyn has completed a research project examining the link between food insecurity, obesity, and gender discrimination in Canada. 相似文献
Brent BerryEmail: |
Brent Berry who has a PhD from the University of Michigan, is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. His most recent research has sought to untangle the casual processes underlying socioeconomic disparities in health over the lifecourse. Brent has also developed innovative visual approaches for systematically studying interracial friendships, homelessness, and marketing in supermarkets. Brent has also published work on race and ethnic relations, residential segregation, social theory, and family intergenerational support. His work has been published in Demography, Health, Evaluation Review, Ethnic and Racial Studies, the Journal of Family Issues, and the American Journal of Economics and Sociology. Taralyn McMullen is a doctoral candidate in Sociology at the University of Toronto. Taralyn is interested in the sociology of health and illness, with emphasis on issues of food insecurity. In addition to her collaborative work with Brent Berry, Taralyn has completed a research project examining the link between food insecurity, obesity, and gender discrimination in Canada. 相似文献
13.
Delineating productivity zones in a citrus grove using citrus production,tree growth and temporally stable soil data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The productivity of a citrus grove with variation in tree growth was mapped to delineate zones of productivity based on several
indicator properties. These properties were fruit yield, ultrasonically measured tree canopy volume, normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI), elevation and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). The spatial patterns of soil series, soil color and ECa, and their correspondence with the variation in yield emphasized the importance of variation in the soil in differentiating
the productivity of the grove. Citrus fruit yield was positively correlated with canopy volume, NDVI and ECa, and yield was negatively correlated with elevation. Although all the properties were strongly correlated with yield and
were able to explain the productivity of the grove, citrus tree canopy volume was most strongly correlated (r = 0.85) with yield, explaining 73% of its variation. Tree canopy volume was used to classify the citrus grove into five productivity
zones termed as ‘very poor’, ‘poor’, ‘medium’, ‘good’ and ‘very good’ zones. The study showed that productivity of citrus
groves can be mapped using various attributes that directly or indirectly affect citrus production. The productivity zones
identified could be used successfully to plan soil sampling and characterize soil variation in new fields. 相似文献
14.
This paper focuses on examining the dynamic nature of community supported agriculture (CSA) and the real-world experiences
which mark its contours, often making it distinct from the early idealized CSA “model.” Specifically, our study examines the
narratives of the farmers of Devon Acres CSA over its duration, in tandem with a survey of recent shareholders in order to
understand and explain its evolution. The framework we develop here shows that this CSA is largely characterized by instrumental and functional beliefs and practices, with some elements in the collaborative mode. A key contribution of this research is the development of a framework which helps to highlight the relative fluidity
and patchwork quality of CSA participant positions over time. At Devon Acres, the real-world factors and issues influencing
CSA evolution are seen to be products of both the local and larger contexts, evident in such areas as shifts in farmer learning
and adaptation, differences between beliefs and practices in member volunteer efforts, and changes in farm and resource conditions.
With respect to CSA more broadly, we argue that the reality of dominant food system context and site-specific influences on
CSA development compels us to rework our attachment to early idealized “model” traits. Expansion in CSA numbers, evidence
of adaptation and situated learning, and retention of the local and organic as core traits, speak to the pragmatic yet transformative potential of CSA contribution to food system change.
Robert Feagan PhD, is a faculty member in the interdisciplinary Contemporary Studies Program at the Brantford Campus of Wilfrid Laurier University in Ontario, Canada. His research and teaching interests are in local and regional food systems—farmers’ markets, CSAs, etc., in university–community partnerships, in community development, and in the green-burial movement. Ideas and objectives of “sustainability” underlie his many research directions. Amanda Henderson earned a Masters Degree from the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University in Toronto. She lives and works on a communal eco-farm in rural Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
Robert FeaganEmail: |
Robert Feagan PhD, is a faculty member in the interdisciplinary Contemporary Studies Program at the Brantford Campus of Wilfrid Laurier University in Ontario, Canada. His research and teaching interests are in local and regional food systems—farmers’ markets, CSAs, etc., in university–community partnerships, in community development, and in the green-burial movement. Ideas and objectives of “sustainability” underlie his many research directions. Amanda Henderson earned a Masters Degree from the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University in Toronto. She lives and works on a communal eco-farm in rural Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
15.
Traditional Mexican Agricultural Systems and the Potential Impacts of Transgenic Varieties on Maize Diversity 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
The discovery of transgenes in maize landraces in Mexico, a center of diversity for this crop, raises questions about the
potential impact of transgene diffusion on maize diversity. The concept of diversity and farmers’ role in maintaining diversity
is quite complex. Farmers’ behavior is expected to have a significant influence on causing transgenes to diffuse, to be expressed
differently, and to accumulate within landraces. Farmers’ or consumers’ perceptions that transgenes are “contaminants” and
that landraces containing transgenes are “contaminated” could cause these landraces to be rejected and trigger a direct loss
of diversity.
Mauricio R. Bellon is a human ecologist working in the Economics Program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in
Texcoco, Mexico. He received his MSc and PhD in ecology at the University of California, Davis. His current research includes
projects that deal with on-farm conservation of maize, gene flow in traditional farming systems, and the impact of improved
germplasm in the livelihoods of poor farmers.
Julien Berthaud is a population geneticist working for the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). He received his PhD in plant
science at the University of Paris 11. His current research includes projects related with the dynamics of genetic diversity,
especially in traditional maize farming systems. 相似文献
16.
Robin Jane Roff 《Agriculture and Human Values》2009,26(4):351-363
Third-party certification is an increasingly prevalent tactic which agrifood activists use to “help” consumers shop ethically,
and also to reorganize commodity markets. While consumers embrace the chance to “vote with their dollar,” academics question
the potential for labels to foster widespread political, economic, and agroecological change. Yet, despite widespread critique,
a mounting body of work appears resigned to accept that certification may be the only option available to activist groups
in the context of neoliberal socio-economic orders. At the extreme, Guthman (Antipode 39(3): 457, 2007) posits that “at this political juncture… ‘there is no alternative.” This paper offers a different assessment of third-party
certification, and points to interventions that are potentially more influential that are currently available to activist
groups. Exploring the evolution of the Non-GMO Project—a novel certification for foods that are reasonably free of genetically
engineered (GE) material—I make two arguments. First, I echo the literature’s critical perspective by illustrating how certification
projects become vulnerable to industry capture. Reviewing its history and current context, I suggest that the Non-GMO Project
would be better suited to helping companies avoid mounting public criticism than to substantially reorient agrifood production.
Second, I explore the “politics of the possible” in the current political economy and argue that while neoliberalization and
organizers’ places within the food system initially oriented the group towards the private sector, the choice to pursue certification
arose directly from two industry partnerships. Consequently, current trends might favor market mechanisms, but certification
is only one possible intervention that has emerged as a result of particular, and perhaps avoidable, circumstances. The article
offers tentative delineation of alternatives ways that activists might intervene in agrifood and political economic systems
given present constraints. 相似文献
17.
Jennifer Dawson Judy Sheeshka Donald C. Cole David Kraft Amy Waugh 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):349-364
Three decades of concern over consumption of potentially contaminated Great Lakes fish has led government agencies and public
health proponents to implement risk assessment and management programs as a means of protecting the health of fishers and
their families. While well-meaning in their intent, these programs––and much of the research conducted to support and evaluate
them––were not designed to accommodate the understandings and concerns of the fish consumer. Results from a qualitative component
of a multi-disciplinary, multi-year research project on frequent (average 108 meals per year) consumers of Great Lakes fish
tell the fishers’ side of the story. We present data from 87 tape recorded interviews conducted with Vietnamese, Chinese,
and English-speaking participants that underscore the quality of freshly caught Great Lakes fish and the important social
and cultural benefits of fish and fishing to the consumer. We also outline the participants’ understandings of risk from eating
Great Lakes fish and the way in which fishers and their families manage this risk. The paper concludes with a discussion of
these benefits, risks, and risk management strategies as ways that Great Lakes fish consumers “construct” rather than “perceive”
risk. We advocate for risk assessment and management protocols that involve those who will be affected the most, such as frequent
consumers of Great Lakes fish, from the initial “risk characterization” stage through to any necessary risk communication.
Jennifer Dawson has a MA in Anthropology. In addition to her five years as Qualitative Research Director for the Fish and Wildlife Project, she has conducted research for the Law Society of Upper Canada, the Ontario College of Nurses, McMaster University, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (Ontario Division), and Hamilton-based NGOs. Judy Sheeshka is a Registered Dietitian and an Associate Professor at the University of Guelph. Her research focuses on food and nutrition policy, food security, risk communication, and the social and environmental determinants of eating behaviors. Donald C. Cole is a physician-epidemiologist with over two decades of experience in applied environmental health. He currently teaches, mentors, does research, and contributes research evidence to public health practice both in Canada and internationally. David Kraft is a Senior Consulting Associate with Strategic Communications Inc. In this capacity he designs advocacy campaigns, communication strategy and opinion research for many of Canada’s most important not-for-profit organizations. Recent clients have included Greenpeace, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (Ontario Division) and UNICEF Canada. David has an MA in Sociology. Amy Waugh is a Registered Dietitian and works for a Family Health Team, an Ontario provincial approach to primary health care that brings together different allied health care providers to work with family physicians to coordinate the highest possible quality of care for patients. 相似文献
Judy SheeshkaEmail: |
Jennifer Dawson has a MA in Anthropology. In addition to her five years as Qualitative Research Director for the Fish and Wildlife Project, she has conducted research for the Law Society of Upper Canada, the Ontario College of Nurses, McMaster University, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (Ontario Division), and Hamilton-based NGOs. Judy Sheeshka is a Registered Dietitian and an Associate Professor at the University of Guelph. Her research focuses on food and nutrition policy, food security, risk communication, and the social and environmental determinants of eating behaviors. Donald C. Cole is a physician-epidemiologist with over two decades of experience in applied environmental health. He currently teaches, mentors, does research, and contributes research evidence to public health practice both in Canada and internationally. David Kraft is a Senior Consulting Associate with Strategic Communications Inc. In this capacity he designs advocacy campaigns, communication strategy and opinion research for many of Canada’s most important not-for-profit organizations. Recent clients have included Greenpeace, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (Ontario Division) and UNICEF Canada. David has an MA in Sociology. Amy Waugh is a Registered Dietitian and works for a Family Health Team, an Ontario provincial approach to primary health care that brings together different allied health care providers to work with family physicians to coordinate the highest possible quality of care for patients. 相似文献
18.
19.
Iran supports five different vegetation zones. One of those is the Irano-Touranian zone that is located in the northeast of
Iran. This vegetation zone includes arid and semi-arid lands, and its area is about 3.5 million hm2. It supports growth of pistachio (Pistacia vera), a deciduous-broadleaved species, which is one of the ecologically and economically most important native species. In this
study, we analyzed three images acquired by ALOS satellite, including 10m resolution multispectral band (AVNIR-2), 2.5 m resolution
“Backward” PRISM image, and 2.5 m resolution “Nadir” PRISM image, based on a provided rational polynomial coefficient (RPC).
Using the “Backward” and “Nadir” images, a 2.5 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was produced. Four methods with
AVNIR-2 and PRISM data were used to produce pan-sharpening images and conduct an object-based feature extraction process.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to determine the maximum distribution of pistachio in related elevation.
The accuracy of the DEM was tested on 28 ground control points in the pair image as tie points, with the value of parallax
error of 0.9027 m. The created elevation map indicated that pistachio trees grow up at 650m above sea level (a.s.l.). The
result from NDVI in the related elevation showed the maximum density of pistachio at 800m a.s.l. In addition, the result of
feature extraction in the forest showed the area of each target element calculated. The results of this research will improve
decision-making and lead to sustainable management in general. 相似文献
20.
Farmers’ markets have enjoyed a resurgence in the past two decades in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. This
increase in popularity is attributed to a host of environmental, social, and economic factors, often related to the alleged
benefits of local food, alternative farming, and producer–consumer interactions. Steeped in tradition, there are also widely
held assumptions related to the type of food and food vendors that belong at a farmers’ market in addition to the type of
experience that should take place. There remains a need to explore and analyze these fundamental aspects of the farmers’ market
and to consider how they influence their formation and function. This paper argues that discourses of authenticity are central
to the identity of the farmers’ market, and that they are constructed differently “from above” by those seeking to regulate
farmers’ markets in particular jurisdictions and “from below” by managers, producers, and consumers at individual markets.
A literature-based discussion is complemented and grounded by consideration of institutional statements regarding authenticity
and of key results from a survey of managers, food vendors, and customers at 15 farmers’ markets in Ontario, Canada. It is
demonstrated that while the general discourse about authenticity at the farmers’ market is built around strict, almost ideological
assumptions about the presence of “local food” and those who produce it, community-level responses reflect considerable diversity
in the interpretation and composition of the farmers’ market. It is suggested that a binary view of authenticity, where some
farmers’ markets are cast as “real” and others presumably not, is highly problematic as it tends to ignore a large and important
middle ground with multiple identities. 相似文献