黑龙江省甜高粱的开发利用

甜高粱是一种新型的糖料作物、绿色可再生能源作物、优质的饲料作物，近年来已引起全世界的重视。黑龙江省的自然条件和生产条件都适于甜高粱生产，充分开发和利用甜高粱资源，对黑龙江省制糖业、畜牧业和乙醇工业发展都具有重要意义。     

甜高粱可生产液体燃料

用甜高粱生产燃料酒精,也许会使它成为一种高能作物。美国农业部科教局的农学家 Kelly C.Freeman 认为,在美国和世界上许多地区,甜高粱都有广泛的适应性。每亩甜高粱可生产310～500公升的酒精。用甜高粱或其他糖类作物生产液体燃料——酒精,将有助于减少石油进口,并且由于开辟国内能源而降低外贸亏     

《中国糖料》征稿简则

《中国糖料》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院甜菜研究所主办的糖料作物专业期刊。主要报道我国糖料作物(甘蔗、甜菜、甜叶菊、甜高粱等)的育种、良种繁育、耕作栽培、病虫害防治、生物技术等方面的研究成果、高产栽培技术及国内外糖料作物科研、生产动态等。开设的栏目主要有     

《中国糖料》征稿简则

《中国糖料》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院甜菜研究所主办的糖料作物专业期刊。主要报道我国糖料作物（甘蔗、甜菜、甜叶菊、甜高粱等）的育种、良种繁育、耕作栽培、病虫害防治、生物技术等方面的研究成果、高产栽培技术及国内外糖料作物科研、生产动态等。开设的栏目主要有“试验研究”、     

《中国糖料》征稿简则

《中国糖料》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院甜菜研究所主办的糖料作物专业期刊。主要报道我国糖料作物（甘蔗、甜菜、甜叶菊、甜高粱等）的育种、良种繁育、耕作栽培、病虫害防治、生物技术等方面的研究成果、高产栽培技术及国内外糖料作物科研、生产动态等。开设的栏目主要有“试验研究”、“调查研究”、“实用技术”、     

甜高粱的生产与利用

甜高粱的生产与利用崔玉华（河南农科院粮作所４５００２０）高粱以耐旱耐涝闻名，有人称之谓作物中的“骆驼”，意指特别耐旱。据试验每生产１ｋｇ籽粒耗水３００ｋｇ，耗水量较少。而甜高粱既耐旱又耐涝，其产草量也高于一般作物，而且茎秆中富含糖分既可制糖也可造酒转...     

《中国糖料》征稿简则

《中国糖料》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院甜菜研究所主办的糖料作物专业期刊。主要报道我国糖料作物(甘蔗、甜菜、甜叶菊、甜高粱等)的育种、良种繁育、耕作栽培、病虫害防治、生物技术等方面的研究成果、高产栽培技术及国内外糖料作物科研、生产动态等。开设的栏目主要有“试验研究”、“调查研究”、“实用技     

粮改饲背景下江苏沿海滩涂甜高粱青贮饲用探讨

本文阐述了江苏沿海滩涂发展青贮甜高粱产业的必要性和可行性。发展甜高粱是利用盐碱地"粮改饲"、绿色发展的需要。甜高粱适合江苏沿海滩涂种植,其用途广泛,青贮饲喂优势较玉米明显。本文指出了甜高粱青贮方法和优良品质,介绍了甜高粱抗倒伏育种和配套技术,提出了绿色生产技术的深化和集成组装,分析了国内外竞争情况及产业化前景,以期促进和指导当地青贮甜高粱产业发展。     

《中国糖料》征稿简则

《中国糖料》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院甜菜研究所主办的糖料作物专业期刊。主要报道我国糖料作物(甘蔗、甜菜、甜叶菊、甜高粱等)的育种、良种繁育、耕作栽培、病虫害防治、生物技术等方面的研究成果、     

《中国糖料》征稿简则

《中国糖料》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院甜菜研究所主办的糖料作物专业期刊。主要报道我国糖料作物(甘蔗、甜菜、甜叶菊、甜高粱等)的育种、良种繁育、耕作栽培、病虫害防治、生物技术等方面的研究成果、     

甜高粱茎秆糖分及发酵制取乙醇研究进展

甜高粱作为能源植物主要是利用其茎秆中的糖分制取乙醇.对甜高粱茎秆糖分积累以及利用糖分发酵制取燃料乙醇两个方面的研究进行了综述,同时对如何进一步提高甜高粱的产量和糖分含量进行了探讨.     

A3、A4细胞质对甜高粱产量及其重要性状的影响

高粱杂种优势利用是以细胞质雄性不育为前提,通过利用细胞质雄性不育的“三系”配套而实现的,也是不育化育种以及杂种优势利用的主要途径。试验对可诱导高粱雄性不育的细胞质A1、A2、A3、A4开展甜高粱细胞质雄性不育研究,对于提高杂交高粱产量、品质、种子纯度,拓宽种质资源利用范围,实现异质高粱杂交种在生产中的应用提供一定的依据。     

3种生长延缓剂对甜高粱幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用不同浓度的多效唑、矮壮素、比久对甜高粱种子进行浸种处理,结果表明,3种生长延缓剂中,多效唑对甜高粱幼苗生长的抑制作用最强;0.1～0.2 g/L的多效唑浸种处理可以提高种子的发芽势和发芽率,但幼苗生长受到过度抑制而表现不正常;5g/L和10g/L的矮壮素和比九处理可以延缓甜高粱幼苗生长,使叶片缩短、厚度增加,具有提高幼苗可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量的作用,促进了幼苗对干物质的合成和积累,使幼苗十物质重显著提高,有利于培育壮苗.其中,10g/L矮壮素浸种处理效果最佳.     

Internode Characteristics of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) during Dry and Rainy Seasons in Indonesia

Abstract

We have studied establishment of cultivation technique of sweet sorghum for monosodium glutamate (MSG) production on dry land in Indonesia, where the supply of raw materials has become restrictive recently. Previously, we confirmed the feasibility of cultivation in this area during the rainy season. Meanwhile, cultivation during the dry season is also important because vast expanses of heretofore unirrigated fields have remained unused. The stem, which comprises internodes, is the main product of sweet sorghum used as a raw material by fermentation industries. This study analyzes differences in growth and yielding ability between dry and rainy seasons by comparing internode characteristics. A sweet sorghum cultivar – Wray – was cultivated in the rainy season from 1995 and in the dry season of 1996 in Madura Island of East Java, Indonesia. Stems of sweet sorghum cultivated during the dry season were shorter and lighter, with two fewer elongated internodes than those of plants raised during the rainy season. They accumulated sugar slower and to a lower peak, but they were inferred to be harvestable for a relatively long period during 30–60 days after anthesis. Through research of internode characteristics, the difference in stem length was inferred to result from differences in internode numbers (25%) and in individual internode length (75%). The difference in weight seemed to result mainly from the fewer elongated internodes. Further experiments must explore the cultivation period (sowing and ratoon crop), varieties, and planting density to establish a sweet-sorghum cultivation technique that is suitable for the dry season.     

甜高粱主要农艺性状的主成分分析

对国内外194份甜高粱品种进行了10个主要农艺性状调查。采用主成分分析,发现穗重、生育期、生物产量、穗长、茎粗、分蘖及含糖量等7个因子为农艺性状的主成分。在甜高粱育种中应加强生物产量选择,适当考虑含糖量及生育期,但穗重、分蘖和茎粗不宜过高,并且穗长越短越好。研究结果将为甜高粱的品种改良和创新提供理论依据。     

Sweet sorghum productivity for biofuels under increased soil salinity and reduced irrigation

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) is a drought-tolerant crop with high resistance to saline-alkaline soils, and sweet sorghum may serve as an alternative summer crop for biofuel production in areas where irrigation water is limited. A two-year study was conducted in Northern Greece to assess the productivity (biomass, juice, total sugar and theoretical ethanol yields) of four sweet sorghum cultivars (Sugar graze, M-81E, Urja and Topper-76-6), one grain sorghum cultivar (KN-300) and one grass sorghum cultivar (Susu) grown in intermediate (3.2 dS m⁻¹) or in high (6.9 dS m⁻¹) soil salinity with either low (120 mm) or intermediate (210 mm) irrigation water supply (supplemented with 142–261 mm of rainfall during growth). The soil salinity and irrigation water supply effects on the sorghum chlorophyll content index, photosystem II quantum yield, stomatal conductance and leaf K/Na ratio were also determined. The sorghum emergence averaged 75,083 plants ha⁻¹ and 59,917 plants ha⁻¹ in a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹ and 6.9 dS m⁻¹, respectively. The most affected cultivar, as averaged across the two soil salinity levels, was the Susu grass sorghum emerging at 53,250 plants ha⁻¹, followed by the Topper-76-6 sweet sorghum emerging at 61,250 plants ha⁻¹. The leaf K/Na ratio decreased with decreasing irrigation water supply, in most cases, but it was not significantly affected by soil salinity. The dry biomass, juice and total sugar yields of sorghum that received 210 mm of irrigation water was 49–88% greater than the yields of sorghum that received the 120 mm of irrigation water. Sorghum plants grown in a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹ produced 42–58% greater dry biomass, juice and total sugar yields than the yields of sorghum plants grown in a soil salinity of 6.9 dS m⁻¹. The greatest theoretical ethanol yield was produced by sweet sorghum plants grown in a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹ with 210 mm of irrigation water (6130 L ha⁻¹, as averaged across cultivar), and the Urja and Sugar graze cultivars produced the most ethanol (7620 L ha⁻¹ and 6528 L ha⁻¹, respectively). Conclusively, sweet sorghum provided sufficient juice, total sugar and ethanol yields in fields with a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹, even if the plants received 50–75% of the irrigation water typically applied to sorghum.     

能源用甜高粱杂交种辽甜3号选育报告

辽甜3号由国家高粱改良中心（沈阳）以自选不育系7050A为母本,自选甜高粱恢复系LTR108为父本组配而成。该杂交种含糖量高、茎汁丰富、产量潜力大,综合抗性好,是能源专用甜高粱杂交种。辽甜3号的育成,为我国甜高粱转化燃料乙醇产业的快速发展提供了强有力的品种和技术支撑。     

12个甜高粱品种在重庆地区的生产力和总糖含量表现

通过对12个供试甜高粱品种（组合）茎秆的鲜产量、总糖含量、总糖产量和籽粒产量的比较,结果为：茎秆鲜产量以A4为最高,达到41 385.0 kg/hm2,茎秆总糖含量以A9为最高,达到11.26%,茎秆总糖产量以A9为最高,达到4 285.4 kg/hm2,籽粒产量以A12为最高,达到2 723.4 kg/hm2。综合评价初步认为,在12个供试品种（组合）中,以A9组合和A3品种比较适合在重庆做生物质能源原料。     

甜高粱在海南种植的技术要点

总结了2004年以来,在海南种植甜高粱的经验,提出了品种选择、选地、种植季节、整地、栽培管理、病虫害防治和采收等技术要点,以期为海南种植甜高粱提供参考。     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.