种鸡个体育种信息自动采集系统的研究与应用

将RFID电子标签、手持机、自动称重台相结合,研发了一套基于物联网的适合种鸡个体育种信息自动采集系统。雏鸡出生时佩戴RFID超高频电子翅标,上笼后电子翅号与电子笼位卡信息进行关联,利用手持机自动采集种鸡的体重和产蛋等育种信息。手持机采集的信息可通过网络或者数据导入的方式同步到种鸡育种信息库中,为选育系统提供准确的个体信息和生产性能数据。本系统将传统的数据记录和数据输入合二为一,实现了育种数据的实时采集,避免了数据输入造成的误差和时间延误。从整体上来看,本系统数据采集的准确性和速度均明显优于传统的纸质记录方式。     

肉鸡育种信息管理与数据分析系统

在肉鸡育种中，准确而完整的数据记录是进行有效选择的基础。传统的手工纸上记录方法，需经数据整理后，在办公室将数据输入计算机。这种方法不仅耗时耗工，而且由于记录输入环节多，数据准确性受到一定的影响。商业化肉鸡育种具有群体规模大、世代间隔短、整个生活期内实施育种措施多的特点，设计一个完善的肉鸡育种计算机管理系统，及时收集处理所有的肉鸡育种资料，指导选种、选配工作的顺利进行，是整个育种工作中的一个重要环节。     

雉鸡育种信息无纸化测定采集系统的开发

为了更准确和高效地开展雉鸡育种所需相关性状的测定和采集,根据雉鸡的育种技术要求和射频识别(RFID)技术特点,利用条码、手持机、电子秤及计算机相结合,成功研发了一套基于物联网的雉鸡育种信息无纸化测定采集系统,实现了育种数据的实时采集,避免了采用纸质记录数据,再输入计算机造成的操作环节多、误差多和时间延误等不足。通过开发应用,证明育种信息无纸化测定采集系统具有广阔的应用前景。     

内蒙古白绒山羊育种信息管理系统的研究与应用

内蒙古白绒山羊育种信息管理系统是为了对内蒙古白绒山羊育种资料进行管理和分析而开发设计的.系统由系统管理、数据输入、统计查询、育种分析、报表打印和帮助6大功能模块组成.可实现对羊场产羔记录、断乳记录、生产记录、鉴定记录和配种繁殖记录等信息的全面管理和维护;在育种方面还可以进行遗传参数和育种值的估计,能为羊场制定育种方案提供服务.     

北京市种猪基因组选择育种平台的构建与应用

2006年,北京市建立了种猪遗传评估数据平台。截止到2021年底,平台共收录371.46万头种猪系谱信息,51.23万条达100 kg体重日龄记录,50.90万条达100 kg活体背膘厚记录和45.15万条窝产仔记录。2015年,北京市将常规育种与基因组育种相结合,启动了种猪基因组选择育种平台构建工作,北京市种猪遗传评估进入基因组选择时代。截止到2021年底,平台建立了大白猪基因组选择参考群体,规模达到5 335头;开发基因组遗传评估系统,实现了将复杂的基因组选择计算过程转化为“一键式”操作;利用一步法（ssGBLUP）对9个种猪场的4 631头大白猪进行基因组遗传评估。基因组选择实施后,选择准确性大幅提高。早期选择时,达100 kg体重日龄的育种值准确性由0.56提高至0.66,达100 kg活体背膘厚的基因组育种值准确性由0.56提高至0.70,总产仔数育种值准确性由0.41提高至0.60。终选时,达100 kg体重日龄的育种值准确性由0.69提高至0.79,达100 kg活体背膘厚的基因组育种值准确性由0.72提高至0.80,总产仔数性状育种值准确性由0.41提高至0.61。基因...     

数据自动采集系统在高山美利奴羊育种资料管理中的应用

本文结合高山美利奴羊(个体、断奶)鉴定生产实际情况,研究引进了先进的进口育种数据自动采集设备,免去纸质记录数据繁琐的电脑录入,大幅度提高了育种数据采集的精度,并实现数据的即时统计,整个鉴定过程轻松流畅高效。可将所有种羊的系谱等终身信息和不同阶段性能测定信息、性状育种值和选种指数等历史育种信息提前载入系统,系统会自动按照绵羊个体识别耳号关联其所有信息,在进行种羊鉴定选种时可根据需要方便高效地查阅每个种羊的育种信息,大大提高选种决策的效率和准确度,值得应用推广。     

辽育白牛良种登记系统的设计与研发

为准确、快捷记录和使用辽育白牛育种过程中各项数据资料,提高育种工作效率。采用Visual Studio2013.NET开发环境下的语言C#设计和研发了辽育白牛良种登记系统,替代了育种过程中数据资料收集和统计的繁琐手工操作,大大地减轻了工作强度并提高了准确性,提高了育种工作效率,还实现了对育种牛群及其相关数据、信息的动态管理,为辽育白牛深度育种和精准化育种提供了有效依据。     

现代办公设备在种猪生产及销售环节中的应用

<正> 在计算机越来越普及的今天,计算机的应用前景越来越广阔,涉及到科学研究、工业流程、农业生产、畜牧业等多个领域。计算机的应用,给种猪场管理、生产和销售带来了高质量、高效率和高效益。1 育种、生产管理种猪场传统的育种数据分析和管理具有一定的局限性,表现在数据零散和记录不完全、不系统,不能准确快捷地运用现代遗传育种理论进行育种分析,这就直接导致种猪场数据资料的延迟利用和种猪种用价值评定的准确性差以及种猪场育种目标和生产决策的盲目性,使种猪场育种生产表现为低质量和低效率。计算机技术在育种巾应用能促进了种猪生产的发展和品种改良,提高种猪的生产性能。建立一个数据库,给每又种用猪建立档案,将其配种时间、妊娠期、产仔数、亲仔性状等输入微机,依靠人们设定的评     

千分尺检定工作需要注意的事项

随着科学技术的发展,外径千分尺已经和数据采集仪形成一套完整的测量系统,利用数据采集仪直接将外径千分尺通过自动数据采集来完成数据记录,这样不仅在操作性上能够降低数据记录节省人力,同时使数据的采集性更加准确,本文针对外径千分尺在检定工作中注意事项进行分析,总结出使用要点。     

警犬气味鉴别行为数据采集系统的建立

正警犬气味鉴别行为是警犬气味鉴别工作的基础,警犬行为数据的采集记录与贮存是进行评价分析的前提条件,根据警犬气味鉴别行为分析评价工作的具体要求,根据《警犬气味鉴别工作规则》中对警犬气味鉴别工作流程的具体要求及警犬气味鉴别行为的特点,我们构建了警犬气味鉴别行为数据采集系统。该系统主要由鉴别行为视频数据采集系统、行为数据存贮系统、实时传输与专家评判系统等几个功能区集成组合而成。     

狮头鹅个体产蛋智能记录系统的研制

产蛋性能低和育种进展缓慢是制约狮头鹅产业发展的主要问题,研发母鹅个体产蛋量智能记录系统可实施精准选育,提高母鹅产蛋量.基于RFID(Radio frequency identification,RFID)技术,利用915 MHz非接触式无线超高频芯片和EPC Class 1 Gen 2(ISO 18000-6C)超高频...     

Histamine in egg yolk: heat resistance and relation to production status

1. The presence of histamine in egg yolk, its losses during storage, incubation and heating, and its relationship to cage density stress and the egg production status of hens are described. 2. A significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in the histamine concentration of egg yolk was noted after incubating or heating egg yolks or on storage eggs. 3. Histamine concentration was greater in the yolks of high egg producing hens. 4. The concentrations of histamine in egg yolks did not change significantly (P less than 0.05) on keeping the hens individually in a cage, pairing them in the same size cage or after separating them again to individual cages.     

Estimation of genetic parameters based on individual and group mean records in laying hens

(1) The study was conducted to estimate the heritability, genetic correlations and breeding values of laying hens based on individual records and group mean records. (2) Records of two pure lines from a commercial breeding programme of White Leghorns from three generations housed in single cages and in group cages were used. A total of 8483 and 8817 individual records of lines A and D, respectively, and a total of 1358 (line A) and 1161 (line D) group mean records were analysed. (3) An animal model using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) was used to estimate variance components of individual records. Group mean records were analysed using the sire model, taking heterogeneity of error variance and correlated residual effects into account. Breeding values of sires were estimated based on the BLUP method using a multivariate sire model. Spearman Rank correlations were used to compare sire breeding values estimated from individual records and from group mean records. The traits studied were monthly egg production, cumulative production and egg weight. (4) Heritability estimates based on individual records were higher than from group mean records. Heritabilities for cumulative production records were higher than for monthly production, based on individual as well as group mean records. The estimates of genetic correlations between monthly egg production and cumulative production were moderate to high. Egg production and egg weight recorded individually were highly genetically correlated with those recorded on group means. Sire breeding values estimated from individual records showed high correlations with those from group mean records. (5) Differences in the ranking of sire breeding values estimated from individual vs group mean records were negligible, indicating that no genotype x environment interaction exists. Selection based on individual performance records of laying hens housed in single cages could give a good response on performance of laying hens housed in group cages. Cumulative egg production over periods 1 to 6 is the best trait for the selection programme.     

Excess sodium bicarbonate in the diet and its effect on Leghorn chickens.

1. A commercial 62-week-old layer flock experienced an acute drop in egg production and an increase in shell-less egg production within 2 days of consuming feed erroneously formulated to contain over 30 g/kg instead of 3 g/kg sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Other symptoms included increased water consumption, diarrhoea and increased mortality associated with visceral gout. 2. An experiment was conducted to assess the responses of hens under controlled conditions. Twenty Dekalb XL Single Comb White Leghorn hens (50 weeks old) were placed in individual cages, having ad libitum access to water from trough waterers. Ten hens were fed the TEST (High NaHCO3) feed for one week (Test group), and ten hens remained on normal commercial layer ration (Control group). 3. Hens in the Test group had high water consumption and watery droppings, but egg production and mortality were not affected. Physiological evaluations indicated the Test feed caused metabolic alkalosis. Plasma sodium, urine pH and urinary sodium excretion were increased, and glomerular filtration rates were decreased in the Test group. 4. These physiological effects are consistent with known responses to excess sodium intake in domestic fowl. The reduced egg production and increased mortality caused by the Test feed under commercial conditions may be related to more severe dehydration experienced by hens in multi-bird cages supplied by cup-type watering systems.     

Self-selection of dietary protein and energy by turkey breeder hens

1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of self-selection of dietary protein and energy by turkey hens on reproductive performance in a warm environment. 2. Dietary self-selection had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight, or body weight of turkey hens. 3. Fertility and hatchability of eggs produced by self-selecting hens were significantly reduced compared to eggs from control hens fed on a complete diet. 4. Protein intake was significantly reduced among self-selecting hens when compared to control hens fed on a complete diet (P less than or equal to 0.001). 5. Food and energy intake decreased as the ambient temperature increased. Nevertheless, protein intake of self-selecting hens increased over the course of egg production despite decreasing food intake. Therefore, self-selecting hens preferred a diet with a greater protein content (g protein/kg diet) in the last 10 weeks of egg production than during the first 10 weeks of egg production.     

Experimental infection of laying chickens with egg-drop syndrome 1976 virus

Brown layer hens (BC and HC strains) and white layer hens (WL strain) orally infected with the H-162 strain of the egg-drop syndrome 1976 virus developed few clinical signs except for abnormal egg production. Depressed and/or aberrant-egg production was observed for 3 days or longer in 17 of 18 BC hens, 13 of 15 HC hens, and 10 of 17 WL hens. On the average, abnormal egg production began 8.8, 10.3, and 12.2 days after infection of the BC, HC, and WL hens, respectively. Egg production was depressed in the WL hens, but little depression was observed in the BC and HC hens. Aberrant-egg production was much less frequent in the WL hens than in the BC and HC hens. Aberrant eggs were shell-less, soft-shelled, thin-shelled, and/or discolored. No eggs of abnormal internal quality or shape were observed. The virus spread from infected BC and WL hens to contact hens.     

高温应激对高产蛋鸡的不利影响及应对策略

夏季高温应激会对高产蛋鸡的生产性能产生不利影响。综述了高温对蛋鸡采食量,营养物质的代谢、消化和吸收,产蛋量和蛋品质,免疫机能等方面的影响,并提出了应对高温应激对蛋鸡不利影响的策略,以期为蛋鸡养殖业的发展提供参考意见。     

Comparison of the effects of two lathyrogens on the reproductive system of the laying hen

The effects of two lathyrogens (beta-aminopropionitrile and semicarbazide) on the reproductive system of the laying hen were compared by measuring the changes in the ovary and oviduct associated with a diminished egg production rate. The laying hens were fed diets containing either beta-aminopropionitrile, the toxic constituent of certain legume seeds in the genus Lathyrus or semicarbazide to induce lathyrogenic effects in which reduced egg production was one of the toxic effects. The gross examination of the reproductive system of the hens revealed that ovarian activity was greatly impaired. The reduced egg production after feeding beta-aminopropionitrile was due to the reduced growth rate of the ovary, and in the case of semicarbazide, to the atresia of large yolky follicles.     

Genetic adaptation of White Leghorn hens to life in single cages

Specific adaptations of selected lines to their conditions of management were found for egg production, but not for several other traits, when hens of different selection histories were tested under both conditions. Floor selected sublines were superior to cage selected sublines in floor pens but inferior when both were tested in individual cages. The study involved three populations of two sublines in each of which selection for egg production had been practised over seven generations. Under one management birds from the three populations were intermingled in large floor pens; under the other, among individual cages.

The role of social dominance as expressed in competition for food was explored. Floor selected hens were the more dominant in floor pens as well as in paired tests in cages.     

Effects of Cage Location and Tier Level with Respect to Light Intensity in Semiconfined Housing on Egg Production and Quality During the Late Laying Period

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity on egg production and egg quality of hens housed in a semiconfined facility. Hens (ISA Brown, n = 225) at 75 wk of age were placed into 3-tier cages as top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) tiers located in cages illuminated artificially (EI), by window (FW), or between corridors (C) for 2 mo. Light intensity was measured monthly for each cage at 5 cm from feeders every 6 h. Egg production was recorded daily and egg quality was assessed biweekly. Light intensity was the greatest for cages in the FW group (151.9, 119.8, and 89.8 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), followed by EI (52.6, 54.5, and 51.0 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), and C (44.5, 23.4, and 4.7 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively). Hens at location EI had greater egg production than hens at FW and C. Egg production for hens at tier T was also greater than for hens at tiers M and B. Egg production for hens at EI and C decreased quadratically, whereas that for hens at FW decreased linearly from tiers T to B. Cage location, but not tier level, affected egg weight. Hens at EI and FW produced heavier eggs than hens at C. Shape index, yolk color, and yolk index were independent of cage location and tier level. Hens at EI and FW produced eggs with thinner and weaker shells than hens at C. Moreover, eggshell strength increased linearly from tier T to B. Both albumen index and Haugh unit were the greatest for hens at FW, followed by EI and C. Their responses to cage location varied with tier levels. In conclusion, variation in light intensity in multitier cage systems in semiconfined laying hen houses may be a contributing factor for depressed laying performance and egg quality.