泰国龙脑香科树种的营林生态学

在泰国,龙脑香科有8个属、65种.属于印度—缅甸、印度—中国和马来西亚三个植物区系成分,其中马来西亚成分占优势。在泰国的干旱落叶龙脑香林中共有5个旱生树种,缠结羯布罗香(Dipterocarpus intricatus)、钝叶羯布罗香(D.obtusifolius)、羯布罗香(D.turbinotus),钝叶娑罗双(Shorea obtusa)和暹罗娑罗双(S.siamensis),它们常混生在一起,有时成为纯林。其他的龙脑香科树种都属于热带常绿雨林和干旱常绿林的成分。分布在石灰岩和其他岩系的有铁坡垒(Hopea ferrea)、灰青皮(Vatica cinerea)、罗氏娑罗双(Shorea roxburghii)、云南娑罗双(S.assamica)和暹罗娑罗双。对泰国龙脑香科的一些树种的更新、生态特性、生长速度和物候学的营林观察作了简要讨论。     

不同光照和土壤水分对3种龙脑香科植物种子发芽的影响

2007和2008连续两年的1月、10月,分别采集云南龙脑香科的东京龙脑香、望天树、狭叶坡垒的种子,将种子在不同光照(20%、40%、60%和80%)和不同土壤水分(土壤含水量20%、40%、60%和80%)条件下进行种子萌发试验,研究不同光照和土壤水分对3种植物种子发芽率和苗木生长的影响。结果表明,龙脑香科植物种子发芽率在光照强度为20%、40%时较高,80%时较低;种子发芽率在土壤含水率60%时较高,80%和20%均较低;在同等条件下,狭叶坡垒种子发芽率最高,最高时可达88%,东京龙脑香种子发芽率最低,最低时仅为9%;在相同条件下,3种云南龙脑香科植物苗木生长最快的为狭叶坡垒,15个月苗龄苗高为86 cm,地径达1.23 cm。     

娑罗双属商品材

娑罗双属(Shorea)是龙脑香亚科(Dipterocarpideae)中最大的一属,系高大乔木,有16种。分布很广,东起印度、斯里兰卡,经缅甸、泰国至菲律宾。我国有2种,即云南娑罗双(S.     

香坡垒等龙脑香科树种在粤西地区引种生长的初步分析

在粤西地区开展香坡垒等7个龙脑香科树种的引种试验,对生长进行初步分析,结果表明:7个龙脑香科树种在粤西地区有较强的适应性;生长表现较好的树种有钝叶娑罗双、香坡垒和具翼龙脑香,其2.5年生的树高分别达到196.3,160.0,156.9 cm,平均地径分别为1.5,3.1,4.6 cm。     

不同基质和摆放方向对云南娑罗双种子萌发的影响

该文通过研究不同的基质和不同的种脐摆放方向对云南娑罗双种子发芽率的影响,筛选出云南娑罗双种子萌发的最佳条件。结果表明：不同基质和不同种脐摆放方向对云南娑罗双种子发芽率均存在显著差异。基质为江沙时种子发芽率最高,达82.7%;火烧土次之,为73.3%,二者间无显著差异;种子点播时种脐向上摆放发芽率最高,达82%,种脐向下摆放和种脐横置发芽率分别为63.3%和62.0%,且二者间无显著差异。鉴于火烧土烧制费时、费力、成本较高,为节约成本,在实践生产中,播种基质宜用江沙,种子点播时种脐向上摆放。     

云南娑罗双种子育苗技术

指出了云南娑罗双是是婆罗双属植物分布于中国境内的唯一代表种类,分布非常有限,中国仅云南西部的少数地方有分布,是一种稀有树种,现为国家二级保护稀有树种,对研究中国热带植物区系有科学价值。阐述了云南娑罗双的概况、种子采收、种子处理、苗圃地选择、催芽、苗木管理及育苗出圃等技术,以期使云南娑罗双基因得到有效的保存和发展。     

龙脑香科树种在中国的分布及引种概况

对中国原生龙脑香科5属13种——青梅(青皮,Vatica mangachapoi)、坡垒(Hopea hainanensis)、无翼坡垒(Hopea exalata)、狭叶坡垒(Hopea chinensis)、多毛坡垒(毛叶坡垒,Hopea mollissima)、河内坡垒(Hopea hongayeasis)、望天树(Parashorea chinensis)、广西青梅(Vatica guangxiensis,与版纳青梅Vatica xishuangbannaensis合为一种)、云南娑罗双(Shorea assamica)、羯布罗香(Dipterocarpus turbinatus)、盈江龙脑香(Dipterocarpus gracilis)、东京龙脑香(Dipterocarpus retusus)和纤细龙脑香(Dipterocarpus gracilis),以及引入外来种香坡垒(Hopea odorata)和小瘤龙脑香(Dipterocarpus tubeculatus)等在中国海南、云南、广西、广东和西藏等地区的分布情况进行了概述,并做了样树调查,为促使龙脑香科树种的有效保护提供了一定的依据。     

阿萨姆娑罗双分布于中国的海拔新记录

云南省铜壁关自然保护区盈江管理所的科技人员在近期的珍贵树种调查中发现,东南亚热带雨林主要树种之一阿萨姆娑罗双(Shorea assamicaDyer)在云南省勐乃河流域海拔为1 160m的阳坡、半阴坡有零星分布,比此前分布于中国的记录值升高了近300m。阿萨姆娑罗双,又称云南娑罗双,是龙脑     

香果树播种育苗技术研究

本文采用随机区组试验设计,选择赤霉素(GA)、吲哚丁酸(IAA)、双吉尔(GGR)和温水浸种等4种处理方式开展香果树场圃播种育苗试验。研究表明,经赤霉素(GA)浸种处理后,香果树种子的场圃发芽率和发芽势分别可达33.80%和27.53%,出苗时间可提早25 d,成苗率和苗木生长效果最好;双吉尔(GGR)浸种处理的场圃发芽率和发芽势亦十分良好,分别达到31.00%和23.27%,但整体略次于赤霉素(GA)浸种效果;吲哚丁酸(IAA)浸种处理对提高香果树种子发芽率、出苗时间和幼苗生长具有较好促进作用;温水浸种也能一定程度促进香果树种子萌发和苗木生长。     

海南珍贵用材树种北移引种的初步调查

一、扩大热带珍贵用材树种资源的必要性海南岛地处热带,以阔叶树为主的大小乔木多达800种以上。在400余种商品材中,以材质优良称著的不下四、五十种①。诸如:坡垒,可与东南亚名贵的坤甸木②相媲美,与印度的光叶坡垒、小花坡垒,以及过去从柬埔寨进口的多种坡垒属、双翅龙脑香属、娑罗双属木材相比,均有过之而无不及;母生是我国天料木科天料木属10个树种中材质最优良的一种,     

13种竹种子低温储存条件及种子育苗环境研究

为解决竹子种子长期保存问题,以马来龙竹、云南龙竹、巨龙竹、金平龙竹、麻竹、长节勒竹、云南箭竹、棉花竹、爪哇巨竹、大泰竹、笻竹、方竹和毛竹13种竹子的成熟种子为材料,通过研究不同低温、低温下不同储存时间、不同含水量、不同发芽设施和不同基质对种子发芽率的影响,来判断竹子种子保存的适合条件。结果表明：1）除笻竹和方竹的种子外,大多数竹种的种子在低温储存5个月内,随着温度由10℃逐渐降低到-16℃,种子发芽率会有不同程度的增高;2）在-16℃条件下,随着储存时间的延长,种子发芽率会有所下降;3）种子含水量会在很大程度上影响种子的发芽率,含水量超过在一定临界值,随着含水量的增加,种子发芽率会显著下降;4）选择不同的种子发芽设施也会影响种子发芽率,生产中宜选用具有微喷灌条件的温室进行育苗;5）在无菌红土、黑土和蛭石这3种基质中,蛭石是竹子播种育苗的适宜基质。     

不同催芽方法和播种期对福建山樱花种子发芽率与幼苗生长的影响

介绍了福建山樱花种子采集和处理方法,并研究了不同催芽方法和播种期对种子发芽率与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,变温沙藏或冷藏的种子次年春播种的发芽率分别达94.5%和90.03%,变温沙藏的种子当年夏季播种的发芽率达83.8%,均能获得较高的发芽率;采种当年播种的苗木,以变温沙藏的地径和苗高为最大,分别达0.49 cm和24.47 cm,即采即播的地径和苗高为最小;采种次年播种的,以常温沙藏的地径和苗高最大,分别达0.90 cm和77.65 cm。     

七叶一枝花种子育苗技术研究

采用种子冷藏和沙藏后控温催芽的方法,研究七叶一枝花种子育苗技术。结果表明:种子的出苗率达到了70%~80%。冷藏的种子育苗,其苗床育苗和种植地直播育苗的发芽率和出苗率均高于沙藏的;种植地直播育苗的发芽率和出苗率大小为核桃林杉木林金银花林;苗床育苗1年后移栽于不同林分下,其成活率冷藏的也高于沙藏的,其大小为核桃林杉木林金银花林,与不同林分下种子直播的结果基本一致,但移栽的成活率比种子直播的成活率要低。     

Tree regeneration in gap-understory mosaics in a subtropical Shorea robusta(Sal) forest

Spatial variation in tree-regeneration density is attributed to the specialization of tree species to light availability for germination and growth. Light availability,in turn, varies across the gap-understorey mosaic. Canopy gaps provide an important habitat for the regeneration of tree species that would otherwise be suppressed in the understory. In subtropical forests, there is still a knowledge-gap relating to how canopy disturbances influence tree-regeneration patterns at local scale, and if they disproportionately favor regeneration of certain species. We aim to analyze whether canopy gaps promote tree regeneration, and tree species are specialized to gaps or understory for germination and growth. We sampled vegetation in 128 plots(0.01 ha), equally distributed in gaps and below canopy, in two subtropical Shorea robusta Gaertn.(Sal) forests in Nepal, recording the number of tree seedlings and saplings in each plot. We compared the regeneration density of seedlings and saplings separately between gaps and the understorey. The mean densities of seedlings and saplings were higher in the gaps at both sites;although there was no difference in the seedling density of the majority of the species between the habitats. No species were confined to either gap or understorey at the seedling stage. We conclude that gaps are not critical for the germination of tree species in Sal forests but these are an important habitat for enabling seedlings to survive into saplings. The classification of trees into regeneration guilds mainly based on germination does not apply to the majority of tree species in subtropical Sal forests. Our results reaffirm that gap creation promotes tree regeneration by favouring seedling survival and growth and can influence forest management for conservation, as well as for plantations.     

Allelopathic effects of eucalyptus and the establishment of mixed stands of eucalyptus and native species

Allelopathic effects of eucalyptus are widely reported and are considered the major factor limiting the establishment of native species in eucalyptus forests. However, reports of the allelopathic effects of eucalyptus are mostly based on laboratory bioassay, not on field trials. In the present study, we conducted field trials to determine the allelopathic effects of eucalyptus and to develop strategies for establishment of mixed stands of native species and eucalyptus. In the field, seed germination and seedling survivorship of native species were determined in the presence and absence of eucalyptus leaf litter or living roots. In the seed germination experiment, seed germination rate of Delonix regia was higher than for Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Tsoongiodendron odorum. Seed germination rates of E. sylvestris and T. odorum were low in both the presence and absence of eucalyptus treatments. The germination rate of D. regia was significantly inhibited by all eucalyptus treatments, but only during the early period. In the seedling establishment experiment, seedling survivorship of E. sylvestris and Michelia macclurel was not inhibited by any treatments, but the seedling survivorship of Schima superba was significantly inhibited by eucalyptus litter addition alone. Seedling height of S. superba and M. macclurel was significantly suppressed when eucalyptus roots were present in treatments, but the seedling height of E. sylvestris was only significantly suppressed by the treatment of roots alone. We propose two strategies for establishment of mixed stands of native species and eucalyptus: (1) direct seed-sowing is effective only for those species (e.g. D. regia) with high germination rates in natural conditions; (2) seedling transplants are more efficient approach for establishing species (e.g. E. sylvestris) with low germination rates. We suggest that mixed plantations of eucalyptus and E. sylvestris can be established by transplanting seedlings of E. sylvestris into eucalyptus plantations.     

天目木兰的引种驯化研究

天目木兰为木兰科木兰属落叶乔木,渐危种,庐山植物园于1964年由浙江天目山引入,2001年开始开花结果,2005年采得种子850粒。我们用5种种子处理方式进行播种试验,结果表明,当年采集去除种皮后播种的种子萌芽率较高,可达61%,且生长整齐,保留种皮的萌芽率也能达到38%;自然条件下干藏的种子第二年播种,播种前经过浸种处理的萌芽率为21.2%,但生长不整齐,不经过浸种处理直接播种的萌芽率只有6%;经过沙藏层积处理后播种的种子萌芽率最高,可达75%。1年生苗平均高度9.9cm,平均根长10.2cm,平均侧根17级,苗木生长健壮,可在室外正常越冬、度夏。     

凹叶厚朴种子保存方法及幼苗生长规律

对凹叶厚朴的种子保存方式及相应的播种苗的发芽情况、幼苗生长规律进行统计分析。结果表明:冷藏处理的凹叶厚朴种子发芽慢、发芽持续时间长;播种苗株高生长呈"S"型的慢—快—慢的规律,地径与叶幅生长表现出快—慢—快—慢的规律;株高、地径、叶幅三者之间的生长呈极显著正相关;种子经沙藏的凹叶厚朴发芽时间、出苗速度及发芽率均优于冷藏处理,而且,沙藏处理的苗高、地径、叶幅的累积生长量相应地大于冷藏处理。     

山苍子苗木培育技术

对山苍子种子贮藏、种子育苗、扦插、嫁接等进行了为期3年的研究,结果表明:山苍子种子贮藏以沙藏为好,春季育苗发芽率达46.4%;山苍子种子催芽采用80℃的热水浸种,可提高发芽率和发芽势;与春播相比,秋播种子发芽率、发芽势相对较低,但无论是苗高、地径还是冠幅都更大;无论是春播或者秋播,浸种催芽的比无浸种催芽的发芽率或发芽势都更高,而且生长量也更大;扦插用吲哚丁酸100 mg.kg-1+萘乙酸50 mg.kg-1溶液浸泡60 m in成活率最高;嫁接以T字形芽接成活率最高。     

黄檗种子不同沙藏层积时间和播种密度研究

以黄檗种子和1 a生播种苗为材料,研究不同沙藏层积时间对发芽率与出苗率和不同播种密度对苗高与地径生长的影响,结果表明:当沙藏层积时间达到150 d时,种子发芽率和出苗率均最高,分别为80.85%和64.09%;当播种密度为90株·m~(-2)时,单位面积Ⅰ级苗产量最高,达到96.15%。