健康猪群的建立与维护——我国猪群健康管理体系的构建

新中国成立以来,养猪业在我国得到了较快发展,我国城镇居民人均猪肉消费量由1957年的6．72kg升至2007年的18．2lkg,我国的猪肉产量由1983年的l316．1万t升至2007年的4287．8万t。特别值得一提的是,我国农村居民肉类消费的增长更快,猪肉的消费占居民消费的比重较高,我国猪的饲养量占世界总饲养量的一...     

健康猪群的建立与维护——我国猪群健康管理体系的构建

新中国成立以来,养猪业在我国得到了较快发展,我国城镇居民人均猪肉消费量由1957年的6．72kg升至2007年的18．2lkg,我国的猪肉产量由1983年的l316．1万t升至2007年的4287．8万t。特别值得一提的是,我国农村居民肉类消费的增长更快,猪肉的消费占居民消费的比重较高,我国猪的饲养量占世界总饲养量的一半。由此可见,养猪业在我国农业中的地位举足轻重。     

猪群健康管理体系的构建

猪群健康管理体系涉及的内容比较广泛,除了有疾病防治之外,还有其保健和康复等内容,因此其复杂度比较高,其最主要的思想就是通过治疗以及预防、干预等措施来确保猪群的健康生长。构建猪群健康管理体系需要长期的坚持,我国的养猪生产中问题比较多,各类影响猪群健康的因素都普遍存在,构建猪群健康管理体系难度比较大,也是目前阻碍养猪业发展的主要因素。因此,构建猪群健康管理体系,是目前养猪业发展的必然渠道。     

猪群的健康管理

养猪业市场行情的轮回波动,总是让养猪人几多欢喜几多愁。但这是正常规律,是市场调节的结果,以后也将循环往复下去。生产水平低下、猪病接连不断,才是养猪业的真正灾难,才是让养猪人承受痛苦的根本原因!就拿每头母猪每年提供的肥育猪数来说,全国平均不到15头,可见有相当数量的猪场是赚不到钱的!     

谈猪场猪群健康管理的漏洞

今年夏季，在部分省份发生的“猪无名高热”不仅给部分养猪业者造成惨重损失，同时给养猪界带来一片恐惧。猪为什么会发病呢？笔者认为猪群的健康管理漏洞未被及时发现或引起高度重视是最根本的管理原因。任何一个普通猪场的猪群都存在各种各样的疾病风险，这种风险如果得到有效控制，猪群就处于健康状态，相反，这种风险未得到有效控制，猪群存在健康漏洞，疾病就会乘虚而人并如同洪水破堤，势不可挡。笔者认为能够认识到自己的猪群所存在的疾病风险并在日常管理中予以消除是猪群健康管理的关键，在这里谈一谈猪场猪群健康管理的漏洞．     

绿色健康猪群的构建

近年来,随着我国养猪场规模化、集约化、工厂化程度的大幅度提高,猪病频发,新的疫苗、药物层出不穷,养猪行家常说：猪场生存看环保,养猪赚钱看防疫。构建一个既环保,又少发病的绿色健康猪群是本文讨论的问题。     

谈猪场猪群健康管理

在部分省份发生的"猪无名高热"不仅给部分养猪业者造成惨重损失,同时给养猪界带来一片恐惧。猪为什么会发病呢?笔者认为猪群的健康管理漏洞未被及时发现或引起高度重视是最根本的     

健康猪群的建立与维护

目前,很多猪场的猪群健康状况不容乐观,猪群健康状况制约了养猪生产水平的提高,对食品安全也构成威胁,如何建立高度健康的猪群并使高健康猪群的健康状况维持下去,是摆在养猪业面前的一个难题。猪场     

猪瘟净化乃猪群健康的根本保障

疾病的连绵不断，已经成了困扰养猪业发展的“老大难”问题。2006年5月起在南方部分地区开始流行猪的所谓“无名高热病”，据各种报刊大量报道，波及面甚广，损失很大。具体发病原因，众多专家仁者见仁、智者见智，尚未达成最终的统一观点。笔者冒昧地从基层种猪生产的角度出发，感觉猪瘟在这场所谓的“无名高热病”当中扮演了重要角色一如果没有猪瘟，死亡率不会这么高；如果没有猪瘟，流行时间不会这么长：如果没有猪痛，控制起来不会这么难。     

猪群健康与生物安全管理

我国是养猪大国,但近年频繁暴发的猪病对我国养猪业的健康发展产生了严重制约,甚至给养猪生产造成了巨大经济损失.本文主要介绍了猪群健康与生物安全管理的相关问题,供参考.     

The Michigan swine health information management system

An information management system is described that combines information on physical, biological and financial aspects of market hog production. Data collection methods are described. Data on feed use were the most difficult to collect reliably on-farm. Off-farm, it was critical that health data at slaughter be obtained without disrupting normal hog marketing routines. A summary of diseases observed in market hogs at slaughter is provided. Sample size estimations to achieve statistical confidence in market hog disease prevalence rates at slaughter are presented for number of shioments per farm per year and number of hogs per shipment. Results indicate that slaughter health checks should be performed at least four times annually and at least 50 hogs should be evaluated per shipment. Recommendations for future efforts include decreasing the total amount of data to be collected and improving producer incentives to collect data.     

Database system for herd health management of dairy herds especially for udder health

Integrated herd health management is an effective method to improve animal health as mastitis and fertility disorders in dairy herds. For optimizing the costs and work load for the herd health management, it is necessary to have a data tool that enables a quick and comfortable data handling and provides practicable handouts for extension. The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture in Switzerland (FiBL) has developed such a database-system for the animal health management project "pro-Q". Objective of this database is to combine external available and on-farm collected data and to provide routine tools on herd and cow level (incl. udder quarter level) for farmers, veterinarians and advisers. These tools should give a comprehensive overview over the animal health situation of the herd and the single animal level. Furthermore, the database presented in this article, meets the requirements of a multi-user system with remote-access which enables different instances to gain the requested information.     

Results of herd health management in veal calf production

The aim of this study was to document experience gained with herd health management in veal calf production and to describe the calves' most frequent health problems. Fifteen farms with an 'all-in-all-out' animal flow system and 20 farms with a continuous animal flow system were investigated and data on animal movements, housing, feeding, medical treatments, and management were collected. Cadavers underwent pathological examination, and data were recorded from the carcasses of slaughtered calves. On the 15 'all-in-all-out'-farms, 2'747 calves were clinically examined by the contract-veterinarian upon arrival at the farm, and 71,1 % of the calves showed at least one sign of illness. The main causes of death were with 54,9 % digestive disorders (a perforating abomasal ulcer being the most frequent diagnosis), followed by respiratory diseases (29,6 %, mainly pneumonia). The meat color of 25 % of the carcasses was red. Calves from farms with the continuous animal flow system, which recruit mainly animals originating from the same farm, showed significantly better results regarding antibiotic use, performance and carcass quality than those calves from farms with the 'all-in-all-out'-system.     

Improving management for higher reproduction accelerates genetic improvement in closed herd of swine

The present study compared responses to selection at different conception rates and litter sizes at weaning in a simulated closed herd in a swine breeding program. The base population consisted of 10 males and 50 females, and 10 generations of selection was practiced by using individual phenotype or best linear unbiased prediction of breeding values for a trait with heritability (h²) of either 0.2 or 0.5. The probability of conception in a single mating was assumed to be 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0. Litter size at weaning was sampled randomly from a normal distribution with mean 8, 10 or 12 and variance 8.1225. Genetic response increased by approximately 6% for h² = 0.2 and approximately 5% for h² = 0.5 at generation 10 when conception rate was increased from 0.8 to 1.0. However, litter size at weaning did not affect response to selection. In conclusion, improving conception rate by environmental management increases genetic response indirectly in a breeding program of a closed swine herd.     

Llama herd health

Herd health programs for llama owners offer veterinarians the opportunity to provide preventive care to an expanding market. Some aspects of llama herd health programs are unique but should be based on herd health principles used for other livestock species. Vaccinations, parasite control, nutritional consultation and reproductive examinations, coupled with feet and teeth care, are some areas to cover in herd health programs. Each herd will have slightly different requirements and the program should be tailored to the goals of the producer.     

Congenital meningocele-encephalocele in an experimental swine herd

Fourteen instances of meningocele-encephalocele in an experimental herd were recorded over a 5-year period. Thirteen of these affected animals were subjected to extensive pedigree analyses. Familial associations were strong, and clearly the meningocele-encephalocele in this herd was under genetic influence. However, additional studies are needed to clarify the mode of inheritance and, perhaps, to identify other factors that might be involved.     

Water medication of a swine herd with amoxycillin

A swine herd, consisting of 201 swine, was treated with amoxycillin. Amoxycillin was administered in the water system for 5 days, at a mean dose of 23 mg/kg body weight per day. Twice a day the water consumption was monitored, and blood samples collected from 10 randomly selected pigs. The plasma concentration of amoxycillin was measured by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three days after initiating amoxycillin treatment, the plasma concentration reached a constant level, at which it varied between a maximum of 1.3 μg/mL and a minimum of 0.5 μg/mL. The plasma concentration was compared with a predicted curve based on pharmacokinetic variables obtained previously. The plasma concentrations were at the same level as the simulated ones. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the common respiratory pathogens Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida are about 0.1 μg/mL. In pigs the distribution between bronchial mucosa and plasma ( AUC _mucosa/ AUC _plasma) is 0.3, which indicates a therapeutic plasma concentration of 0.3 μg/mL. Data from the present study indicates that water medication with amoxycillin is effective as follow-up treatment.     

Veterinary dairy herd health management in Europe: constraints and perspectives

The nature of veterinary work in dairy health management in Europe has changed over the past years and will change even more dramatically in the near future. The consumers and the media show increasing concern about animal welfare, safety of products of animal origin and traceability of animal products. Farmers in Europe have to produce under strict, often expensive and laborious regulations, while still commercially competing with farmers outside the EU and not subject to the same rules. Veterinarians should adapt their knowledge and skills to the new challenges and developments of the dairy sector. Dairy farmers nowadays ask for support in areas that go beyond clinical activities: environmental protection, welfare, nutrition, grassland management, economics and business management. Bovine practitioners should be able to advise in many different areas and subjects--that is the challenge to our profession. Veterinary education with regards to cattle health management should start with individual animal clinical work, which constitutes the basis of herd health advisory programmes. The bovine practitioner should then look beyond that and regard the herd as the unit. Each diseased cow or group of cows should be detected early enough to avoid financial losses or such losses should be prevented altogether by detecting and managing risk factors contributing to disease occurrence. Herd health and production management programmes represent the first level to optimise dairy farm performance. Expansions to that should further be considered, comprising both animal health and welfare issues, as well as food safety and public health issues. The latter could be addressed by quality risk management programmes following the HACCP-principles. Cattle veterinarians should follow recent developments and invest in new skills and knowledge in order to maintain their usefulness to the modern dairy farmer. Finally we are convinced that the cattle practitioner should evolve into this direction, otherwise the veterinarian as we know him will miss the train in the next years.     

Lightning injury in an outdoor swine herd.

Three pigs, weighing 63 kg-70 kg each, from a group of 8 pigs in an outdoor pen that was struck by lightning were necropsied. All 3 pigs presented with hind limb paralysis. The only lesions identified were multiple fractures of the last (seventh) lumbar vertebral body and first sacral vertebral segment, with dorsal displacement of the sacrum and transection of the distal spinal cord and spinal nerves. Hemorrhages extended from the fracture sites into muscles immediately surrounding the lumbosacral junction and retroperitoneally into the pelvic cavity. These hemorrhages were not clearly visible until the pelvic region was dissected. Lesions commonly found in human lightning-strike victims were not present in these pigs. Because vertebral fractures may be the only lesions and may be grossly subtle in heavily muscled pigs, careful pelvic and vertebral dissection is recommended in cases of suspected lightning strike and electrocution.     

A herd management survey on culling guidelines and actual culling practices in three herd groups based on reproductive productivity in Japanese commercial swine herds

The objective of the present study was to investigate culling guidelines for gilts and sows in Japanese commercial herds and to compare differences between culling guidelines and actual culling practices in different herd productivity groups. A questionnaire survey was undertaken to obtain information on culling guidelines in 115 commercial swine herds that participated in the PigCHAMP data-share program. The questionnaire included questions on guideline values for culling intervals and the number of conception failure occurrences that would trigger a culling decision to be made. Ninety-two of the 115 herds (80.0%) returned appropriate data for the study and were included in the present study. In addition to questionnaire data, culling data regarding the actual culling intervals and number of reservices for gilts and sows culled during 2007 to 2008 were also obtained for the same herds from a PigCHAMP database. Culled gilts and sows were divided into 4 female groups on the basis of the stages of their reproductive life when they were culled: unmated gilts, mated gilts, unmated sows, and mated sows. Culling intervals in unmated gilts and sows were defined as the number of days from birth or weaning to culling, respectively, whereas in mated gilts and sows culling intervals were the number of days from last service to culling. Three herd productivity groups were formed on the basis of the upper and lower 25th percentiles of pigs weaned mated female(-1)·yr(-1):high-,intermediate- or low-performing herds. For unmated gilts and sows actual culling intervals were 15 d shorter than the guideline culling intervals in the surveyed data submitted by producers (P < 0.05). This shorter actual culling period for unmated gilts and sows did not vary significantly between herd productivity groups in any parity. However, for mated gilts and sows the actual culling intervals were at least 30 d longer than the guideline culling intervals (P < 0.05). Guideline and actual culling intervals for mated gilts and sows were at least 10 d shorter in high-performing herds than in low-performing herds (P < 0.05). High-performing herds had lower proportions of sows culled after the second reservice than intermediate- or low-performing herds in parity groups 0 to 5 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, culling guidelines for mated sows differed between herd productivity groups, and culling guidelines for mated gilts and sows were not strictly followed in any herd group in the commercial herds.