广东猪群传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学调查及血清抗体分型试验

对广东珠三角地区31个猪场450份血清用IHA方法进行APP抗体检查,结果30个猪场中的263份血清阳性,阳性猪场和阳性血清比例分别为96.8%和58.4%;用单因子抗原平板凝集法对263份APP抗体阳性血清进行抗体反向分型试验,结果1型106份(40.3%)、7型95份(36.1%)、3型35份(1 3.3%).     

海南省规模猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学调查

为了解海南省规模猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎(PCP)的感染情况,采集海南省8个市县16个不同规模猪场血清样品1 286份,用ELISA方法对猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)ApxⅣ抗体进行检测,分析APP的感染情况。结果显示,1 286份猪血清样品共检出阳性样品436份,抗体阳性率为33.90%。其中,检测母猪血清326份,抗体阳性率为47.85%;检测哺乳仔猪血清324份,抗体阳性率为37.65%;检测保育猪血清316份,抗体阳性率为18.99%;检测育肥猪血清320份,抗体阳性率为30.63%。8个市县均有APP感染,其中文昌市APP抗体阳性率最高;不同规模猪场均有APP感染,其中中型规模猪场APP抗体阳性率最高;不同品种猪均有APP感染,其中杜长陆三元杂猪APP抗体阳性率最高。说明PCP在海南省部分规模猪场中普遍存在,对猪场进行PCP的控制是十分必要的。     

石河子地区规模化猪场猪圆环病毒病的血清流行病学调查

试验以石河子地区7个规模化猪场为研究对象,收集不同类别猪血液样本共1208份,应用猪圆环病毒2型ELISA抗体检测方法对石河子市规模化猪场的PCV2感染状况进行血清流行病学调查。经过对石河子地区4个未免疫PCV2疫苗规模化猪场的681份血清调查,结果该4个规模化猪场PCV2平均抗体阳性率为49.93%（340/681）;经过对石河子地区3个免疫PCV2疫苗的规模化猪场的527份血清调查,结果平均抗体阳性率为92.03%（485/527）。发现PCV2目前在石河子地区规模化猪场中感染较严重,所以对该地区未免疫PCV2的规模化猪场建议净化后进行该疫苗免疫,建议免疫方案为：1）种公猪、种母猪每年免疫3～4次,1头份/头;2）仔猪14～20日龄免疫1次,间隔3周加强免疫1次,0.5头份/头。3个免疫PCV2疫苗的猪场目前免疫抗体水平比较理想,基本可以有效预防该病。     

HC-PRRS-APP高免血清对圆环病毒型感染的控制效果

2003年5月至6月,笔者观察了哺乳仔猪注射猪瘟(HC)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)、猪传染性胸膜肺炎(APP)三联自家高免血清和“猪精制六联血清”对控制圆环病毒型感染的效果。1材料与方法1.1实验猪为大通猪场猪群,选择60窝哺乳仔猪及其母猪作为实验猪,随机分为3组,每组20窝。1.2自家高免血清参照文献介绍的方法,选择本场出栏前1个月左右的健康育肥猪,分别接种猪瘟活疫苗(中牧成都,0303167-4)4头份,猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征油乳剂灭活疫苗(辽宁省益康生物制品厂,200303)2头份和猪传染性胸膜肺炎油乳剂灭活疫苗(中牧成都,0308011)6ml,每种疫苗…     

某猪场仔猪O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫程序的制定

为了制定科学合理的、适合猪场仔猪的猪O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫程序,本研究通过对该猪场仔猪母源抗体和免疫抗体水平监测,制定出该猪场仔猪的免疫程序:仔猪42日龄进行猪O型口蹄疫灭活疫苗的首免,首免后56 d进行二免,二免后每隔120 d免疫1次。     

不同毒株制备的两种猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗免疫效果对比试验

本试验采用2种不同毒株的口蹄疫灭活疫苗分别对120头35日龄仔猪进行了免疫效果试验。结果显示:首次免疫时,猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗(O/MYA98/BY/2010株)免疫组的抗体合格率和疫苗稳定性均优于使用猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗(OZK/93株+OR/80株)免疫组。75日龄二免时,使用猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗(OZK/93株+OR/80株)免疫组的抗体合格率和疫苗稳定性均优于使用猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗(O/MYA98/BY/2010株)免疫组。表明两种疫苗各有其优缺点,对不同日龄段仔猪的免疫效果存在一定的差异。     

不同类型猪蓝耳病疫苗的体液免疫效果比较

为科学评价不同猪蓝耳病疫苗对生产母猪和仔猪免疫效果,选取11个规模猪场,分别使用猪蓝耳病进口弱毒疫苗、国产弱毒疫苗、普通灭活疫苗、猪高致病性蓝耳病灭活疫苗对生产母猪和仔猪进行免疫,二免28d后,采集免疫猪群的血清,进行免疫抗体检测,结果表明:生产母猪使用不同类型的蓝耳病疫苗免疫后所产生的抗体阳性率均高于仔猪免疫后所产生的抗体阳性率。     

赤峰地区猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学调查报告

对赤峰地区5个猪场送检的未免疫猪传染性胸膜肺炎疫苗的不同年龄阶段猪的338份血清样品,用间接血凝试验进行胸膜肺炎抗体检测。结果表明,所有猪场抗体均为阳性,平均阳性率63.15%;哺乳仔猪、育仔猪、生长育肥猪和成年种猪抗体阳性率分别达到3.23%、14.08%、91.14%、95.79%,总阳性率为52.07%。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征油乳剂灭活疫苗的免疫效果研究

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的一种以母猪繁殖障碍,仔猪呼吸系统症状和高死亡率为特征的传染病.本研究用PRRSV SY株和美洲型代表株VR2332制备成油乳剂灭活疫苗,同时选用2种商品化PRRS油乳剂灭活疫苗(CH-1a株和SD1株),在曾发生过PRRS流行的某猪场进行4种疫苗的免疫试验.使用美国IDEXX公司的试剂盒检测血清中的PRRSV抗体效价,并用XCHeK软件系统处理数据.免疫试验结果显示,一免后第6组(CH1-a株)产生的抗体效价较其它组高;第3组和第4组(VR2332株)在二免后抗体效价较一免有小幅升高.对免疫试验的结果分析显示,接种灭活疫苗后抗体效价未达到预期的水平,其中具体的影响因素或工艺问题尚需要进一步探讨.此外,IDEXX公司的PRRSV试剂盒不能区分野毒抗体和疫苗毒抗体,这也可能是影响测定实际抗体效价的凶素之一.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清的制备与临床治疗试验

为筛选免疫效价高的疫苗,获得高免血清并进行临床治疗观察。本试验选用3种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗免疫健康新西兰大白兔,免疫后分别采血和分离血清,并用猪蓝耳病毒抗体PPA-ELISA检测试剂盒检测血清抗体效价,筛选出抗体效价较高的两种疫苗;免疫猪,制得高免血清对自然发病仔猪进行高免血清治疗试验。免疫兔试验表明,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗(CH-lR株)免疫后血清抗体效价最低,高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗(HuN4-F112株)血清(简称高致病疫苗血清)抗体效价比猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活疫苗(CH-la株)血清(简称灭活疫苗血清)低,用后两种疫苗免疫猪,血清抗体效价均能达到1∶1280。自然发病仔猪高免血清治疗试验显示,注射高致病疫苗血清对蓝耳病的治愈率为88%,灭活疫苗血清治愈率为76%。结果表明高免血清是无菌、安全的,所得两种血清可用于临床防治猪蓝耳病。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌菌影的制备与免疫试验

通过鲎素抗菌肽和超高静水压联合作用,制备出一种胸膜肺炎放线杆菌菌影。利用胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清5型（CVCC263）制备菌影并检测其灭活率。CVCC263菌影疫苗接种免疫仔猪,二免14d后攻毒,每天测量体温,并观察精神状态,呼吸,食欲等。攻毒第8天对存活猪进行剖杀,测量肺部病变面积,进行病理检测。结果显示,免疫组抗体效价及血清中的IgG、IgM、IgA、IL-2、IL-4含量均较对照组显著增加。免疫组临床症状和肺部病变面积均小于对照组。CVCC263菌影疫苗免疫仔猪抗APP感染的保护效果是明显的,并且APP5型的菌影疫苗可对APP7型感染有交叉保护。     

Immune response to an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccine in swine

Piglets vaccinated with an inactivated tetravalent vaccine (Pleurovac 4) against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 2, 5 and 7, produced circulating antibodies after a first intramuscular injection and showed an anamnestic reaction after a second. The rise in antibody levels in vaccinated piglets was statistically significant when compared with those of the control group. The administration of 1 or 2 mL of vaccine did not lead to significantly different antibody levels. The specificity of the immune response is demonstrated by an increase in titer to all four serotypes in pigs given the tetravalent vaccine, but an increase in titer to only two serotypes in pigs given a bivalent vaccine (Pleurovac).     

Atypical Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates that share antigenic determinants with both serotypes 1 and 7.

In the present study, the characterization of 3 atypical isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is presented. Two isolates (1B and 27E) showed positive reactions in coagglutination, immunodiffusion, and indirect hemagglutination tests for serotypes 1 and 7, whereas the third isolate (26B) reacted with antisera to serotypes 1, 4, and 7. These atypical isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae possessed a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigenically related to serotype 1 as well as an O-chain lipopolysaccharide antigenically related to serotype 7 or to serotypes 4 and 7, as shown by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Results of toxin profile and virulence assays for mice and pigs showed them to be more related to A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 field isolates. All 3 isolates induced antibodies mainly against serotype 7/4 O-long-chain lipopolysaccharide (LC-LPS) and, to a lesser extent, to the CPS of serotype 1, in experimentally infected pigs. Diagnostic laboratories that use a LC-LPS-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of A. pleuropneumoniae infection in swine would probably diagnose herds infected with these atypical isolates as being infected by A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 7 or 4, whereas those that use a CPS-based ELISA would probably consider them as infected by A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1.     

Serological cross-reactivity between a porcine Actinobacillus strain and Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae.

During serological screening of a closed SPF-herd free of pleuropneumonia, more than half of the pigs were positive for complement-fixing antibodies to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. Actinobacillus bacteria closely related to A. suis were isolated from tonsillar tissue of 14 out of 20 slaughtered pigs submitted for pathological and bacteriological evaluation. None of the pigs had evidence of respiratory disease. Two pigs inoculated endobronchially with a selected Actinobacillus strain developed mild focal pneumonia and complement-fixing antibodies cross-reacting with H. pleuropneumoniae. Five pigs exposed and vaccinated with the Actinobacillus strain and five pigs spontaneously infected with the strain also developed complement-fixing antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae and appeared to be less susceptible to experimental Haemophilus pleuropneumonia than pigs not exposed to the Actinobacillus infection. The agglutination test applied on serum treated with 2-mercaptoethanol detected antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 but not against serotype 1 in pigs exposed to the Actinobacillus strain. Antibodies reactive with the Actinobacillus strain were also found in pigs hyperimmunized against H. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-5 in 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test and rabbits hyperimmunized against serotypes 1,2 and 7, and strain 73567 in the immunodiffusion test. Conversely rabbits immunized against the Actinobacillus strain had antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6. It is concluded that pigs infected with Actinobacillus organisms may become false positive reactors against H. pleuropneumoniae.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎与猪肺疫二联亚单位疫苗的免疫效果评价

为了评价猪传染性胸膜肺炎与猪肺疫二联亚单位疫苗(由多杀性巴氏杆菌外膜蛋白H(OmpH)质粒导入胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)菌影制备)的免疫效果,于某规模化猪场选取30头无上述病原菌和抗体的4周龄(w)仔猪,随机分为安全评估组和试验组进行免疫,试验组包括APP组、OmpH组、APP+OmpH联苗组,分别于4、6 w肌肉注射2 mL/头相应疫苗,采取4、6、9 w外周血,用流式细胞术、ELISA、血常规、血生化试验分析疫苗免疫后,相关免疫因子、免疫细胞及免疫球蛋白的变化。结果显示:APP+OmpH组外周血中CD3⁺、CD8⁺细胞增加数量比APP、OmpH组显著增多(P<0.05);血清抗体结果显示,APP+OmpH组结果优于APP和OmpH组;APP+OmpH组的外周血白细胞数、淋巴细胞数、中性粒细胞数、单核细胞数在二免后增多,白蛋白、球蛋白亦明显增加,且APP+OmpH组增加数量多于APP和OmpH组。结论:APP+OmpH组能更好地刺激机体细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,进而发挥免疫保护效果。     

Non-pathogenic Actinobacillus isolates antigenically and biochemically similar to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a novel species?

Two unusual Actinobacillus isolates were recovered from pigs with no clinical signs, no lesions and no history of swine pleuropneumonia. Two representative strains (9953L55 and 0347) analyzed in this study were initially biochemically and antigenically identified as A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 9, respectively, by traditional identification methods. Both strains presented, however, negative results with three A. pleuropneumoniae-specific PCR tests and revealed in particular the absence of the apxIV toxin genes. However, both strains produced and secreted ApxII toxin although they only harbored the toxin genes apxIICA, which is an uncommon feature for any of the known A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes. Upon experimental inoculation of pigs, these strains proved to be totally non-pathogenic. Animals infected with one of the strains produced antibodies that cross-react with A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-9-11-specific LC-LPS ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that these strains form a separate phylogenetic group that is distinct from other Actinobacillus species and is particularly different from A. pleuropneumoniae.     

规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫情况调研

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种以高热、出血为主要特征的烈性、高度接触性传染病,至今仍在中国广泛流行。接种疫苗是防控该病发生的最根本的方法,为了查清山西省规模化种猪场猪瘟疫苗免疫情况,课题组采用ELISA试剂盒,对8个地市42个规模化种猪场465头哺乳猪、456头保育猪、436头育肥猪、419头母猪进行了猪瘟免疫抗体检测。查明了哺乳猪抗体阳性率平均为70.11%,保育猪抗体阳性率平均为40.57%,育肥猪抗体阳性率平均为50.22%,母猪抗体阳性率平均为69.69%,证明被检猪群免疫抗体不理想,尤其是保育猪抗体水平较低。同时对12个规模化种猪场,4类不同免疫方法免疫猪瘟疫苗的133头哺乳猪、110头保育猪、105头育肥猪、135头母猪进行了免疫抗体检测。结果表明:乳猪在吃奶前超免猪瘟高效细胞苗6头份,21日龄时二免猪瘟高效细胞苗4头份,60日龄三免猪瘟高效细胞苗2头份,母猪产后21 d跟胎免疫效果最好,使保育猪免疫抗体阳性率达到89.29%,有些猪场使用该方法免疫后,使保育猪的死亡率有了明显的降低,生长发育逐渐走向正常;而采用仔猪在断奶后28日龄至35日龄时首免猪瘟普通细胞苗4头份,60日龄二免猪瘟普通细胞苗2头份,母猪产后28 d跟胎免疫的方法效果最差,不宜推广应用。通过对山西一些规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫情况的调研,基本查清了规模化种猪场猪瘟免疫效果和最佳免疫方法,可为养猪场防控猪瘟提供依据。     

The immune response and maternal antibody interference to a heterologous H1N1 swine influenza virus infection following vaccination

This study investigated the efficacy of a bivalent swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccine in piglets challenged with a heterologous H1N1 SIV isolate. The ability of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) to provide protection against a heterologous challenge and the impact MDA have on vaccine efficacy were also evaluated. Forty-eight MDA(+) pigs and 48 MDA(-) pigs were assigned to 8 different groups. Vaccinated pigs received two doses of a bivalent SIV vaccine at 3 and 5 weeks of age. The infected pigs were challenged at 7 weeks of age with an H1N1 SIV strain heterologous to the H1N1 vaccine strain. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, virus excretion, serum and local antibody responses, and influenza-specific T-cell responses were measured. The bivalent SIV vaccine induced a high serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titer against the vaccine virus, but antibodies cross-reacted at a lower level to the challenge virus. This study determined that low serum HI antibodies to a challenge virus induced by vaccination with a heterologous virus provided protection demonstrated by clinical protection and reduced pneumonia and viral excretion. The vaccine was able to prime the local SIV-specific antibody response in the lower respiratory tract as well as inducing a systemic SIV-specific memory T-cell response. MDA alone were capable of suppressing fever subsequent to infection, but other parameters showed reduced protection against infection compared to vaccination. The presence of MDA at vaccination negatively impacted vaccine efficacy as fever and clinical signs were prolonged, and unexpectedly, SIV-induced pneumonia was increased compared to pigs vaccinated in the absence of MDA. MDA also suppressed the serum antibody response and the induction of SIV-specific memory T-cells following vaccination. The results of this study question the effectiveness of the current practice of generating increased MDA levels through sow vaccination in protecting piglets against disease.     

口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果跟踪试验报告

本试验用中农威特生物科技股份有限公司生产的猪O型口蹄疫灭活苗免疫两个不同的猪场,其中一个猪场由于母源抗体水平较高,免疫效果不理想,另一个猪场在免疫后36d、51d跟踪检测抗体,合格率为90%;用中农威特生物科技股份有限公司生产的O型-亚Ⅰ型口蹄疫二价灭活苗免疫两个不同的奶牛场,O型抗体水平明显高于亚Ⅰ型抗体水平。