加快农村劳动力转移的对策研究

加快农村劳动力转移是建设社会主义新农村的主要内容。通过实证研究湖北农村劳动力转移就业的现状、特点、问题、对策。结果表明,实施阳光工程加快了农村劳动力转移就业速度、效益增高、分布区域集中、特色培训模式形成、特色劳务品牌效应明显。针对农村劳动力素质低、受教育程度低、就业技能缺乏、信息不畅、职业技术教育薄弱、适宜岗位选择面太窄等突出问题,提出了加快发展职业技术教育、提高阳光工程质量、开辟就业途径,重点开发小城镇、中小企业、乡村旅游业、服务业、园艺业、特种养殖业、农产品加工业,促进农村城镇化、农村工业化、农业产业化,发展农村经济,提供适宜农村劳动力转移就业的更多岗位,是当前加快农村劳动力转移就业的根本对策。     

Spatial Diffusion of Management Practices in Urban and Rural Areas

Data on production and management practices across firms are scarce.Therefore studies of rural and urban industrial development have usually abstracted from this issue or have invoked product cycle theory to explain comparative urban and rural productive ingenuity. Several qualitative studies of rural production have contradicted the product cycle hypotheses, but attempts to generalize these results have not succeeded. An attempt is made here to test the product cycle explanation of industrial location using the registry of firms with ISO 9000 certification in nine southern states. These data suggest a bifurcation of rural counties. Urban and rural counties containing certified firms have been much more likely to increase the number of such firms, but in those counties without certified firms the probability of new certified firms has declined     

Geographical and Gender Differences in Labor Force Participation: Is there an Appalachian Effect?

ABSTRACT. A recent article in this journal concluded that West Virginia's low labor force participation rates cannot be attributed to economic, demographic, or institutional factors and that they probably result from an Appalachian culture which has a strong preference for non-market activities. This article reviews the diverse social science literature on determinants of labor force participation and then takes a closer look at Appalachian participation. It presents and uses a more comprehensive model, focuses on the county level instead of the state, and examines variations within Appalachia and over time. The main findings are that the Appalachian labor force gap is either nonexistent or very small and that there is no statistical evidence of a unique or pervasive Appalachian cultural effect. Appalachian labor force behavior appears to be quite average given the conditions faced by Appalachians.     

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rural Tourism Attractions in Yangzhou City

By using geography quantitative methods and Arc GIS,the spatial distribution characteristics,types,rules and influencing factors of 20 representative rural tourism attractions in Yangzhou City were analyzed.The results show that the traffic accessibility of various regions in Yangzhou City correlated positively with the spacial distribution of rural tourist attractions in quantity in these regions.The rural tourist attractions were dense in regions 10-20 km away from the center of the city;there was only one rural tourist attraction in regions 40-70 km away from the center of the city;some big rural tourist attractions were distributed in regions 70-90 km away from the center of the city;market orientation influenced the spatial distribution of the rural tourist attractions obviously.In regions 0-30 km away from the center of the city,most rural tourist attractions mainly provided recreation and entertainment services for tourists;in regions more than 70 km away from the center of the city,most rural tourist attractions mainly provided health and recuperation services for tourists;in regions 30-50 km away from the center of the city,the service functions of the rural tourist attractions were compound and diversified.     

水稻异交力及其数学模型

异交力是表达制种难易的概念。影响柱头受粉量的全部亲本性状为异交力，以最佳花期相遇状况下柱头平均受粉量表示。给出水稻异交力的数学模型。     

山楂叶螨活动螨空间格局及空间动态研究

据１９８９年４－９月在北京延庆辛庄堡苹果园调查资料，以Ｉｗａｏ回归法，Ｔａｙｌｏｒ幂法则及４个聚集指标对山楂螨活动螨在苹果内的空间格局（静态水平），空间动态（时－空－量水平）进行了测定。初步结果表明，该活动螨呈聚集分布，分布的基本成分为个体群。全年发生期可分为前期，中期、后期三个时期（４月、５－６月、７－９月）。前期（叶族）为赵冬螨出蛰期，以东方，上层及内膛的螨口密度大；中期（叶片）为螨口增长期；     

Labor Market Segmentation in Urumqi,Xinjiang: Exposing Labor Market Segments and Testing the Relationship between Migration and Segmentation

Labor market segmentation and migration are two phenomena that are dramatically reshaping the spatial, economic, and social relationships of many urban cities in both developed and developing countries. To this point, the bulk of Chinese literature falls within the context of area studies, without much effort to link Chinese migration and emerging labor market outcomes to larger global trends and discourse. This research attempts to link the body of internal Chinese migration and emerging labor markets to labor market segmentation theory, primarily developed by urban economists and sociologists. My findings provide evidence that applying labor market segmentation theory to examine emerging markets in China offers fruitful results that help to identify the new urban stratification that exists in China. I employ a set of quantitative methods using employee‐level field data that I collected in Urumqi in 2008 to identify distinct segments within Urumqi's labor market and argue that migration is a major driver of labor market segmentation. Cluster analysis shows Uyghur minorities and women are found to be overwhelmingly concentrated in the lower sector, composed mostly of “bad” jobs. Discriminant analysis reveals that migrant status and ethnicity are the most important variables that deepen the gap among the labor market segments. The social inequality created as a result of market segmentation can partially explain Uyghur discontent in the region and the July 2009 riots, one of the worst riots in Xinjiang's modern history.     

State Lottery Sales: Separating the Influence of Markets and Game Structure

ABSTRACT State lotteries are the fiscal gimmick for the 1980s, receiving widespread popular and legislative approval. Unfortunately, the impact of structural and external influences on lottery sales is not well understood. This analysis sheds light on these influences, demonstrating that state economic activity, age of the game, interstate lottery competition, and game portfolios significantly affect sale and, consequently, benefit to the state.     

The Internal Force Calculation of the Whole-Raising-Scaffold

Because of the different configurations of buildings to be constructed, the arrangement of the whole-raising-scaffold used for practical construction is not always the same, which results in difference of the internal force of the whole- raising-scaffold in application. Based on the abovementioned, in this paper, the design method of the whole-raising-scaffold is investigated, a mechanical model based on the three-span continuous beam is set up, the mechanical characteristics due to the action of various load of the whole-raising-scaffold under the worst working condition is analyzed. Then the calculating method for the internal force of its main structure can be found. Combining the internal force calculated by this method, the security of the scaffold can be verified. The method introduced by this paper can be used as a general method for the scaffold design.     

Spatial Dimensions of the Savings and Loan Crisis

Large numbers of savings and loan companies (S&Ls) failed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This paper explores the origins and development of the S&L Crisis, embedding the topic within the wider theorization of the post-Keynesian state, particularly the critical role played by deregulation. Next it focuses on the geography of S&L failures and their causes. Third, an econometric analysis of the determinants of S&L failures finds them to be highly susceptible to local economic conditions. Fourth, it examines inter-regional transfers of failed S&L assets and liabilities, and measures statistically the importance of proximity between buying and selling regions as well as the economic structure of the purchasing region. The conclusion contrasts these findings to those of commercial bank failures.     

论农业劳动过程的革命

农业劳动过程是某一次或某一项农业劳动自始至终的过程,现时具有时间性、工程性、投入性和付出性等特点,应该使其成为一个理想的过程,即继续作为生产农业物质产品的过程,同时作为生产农业审美产品的过程,并且作为享受的过程。因为农业劳动过程的本质目的是人类生命的存在和享受;同时,人类生命本身就是一个过程;此外,农业作为以提供物质享受为主的产业已经成熟。而要实现此目的,必须做到劳动过程与生命过程的统一、劳动投入与劳动能量的统一,生命过程与生命情趣的统一。     

Labor Environment and the Location of Electrical Machinery Employment in the US. South

This study focuses on the location of electrical machinery manufacturing in South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama (with special attention given to the first three states), and the degree to which this industry is associated with labor environments attractive to firms in the late stage of the product cycle. Labor-environment variables were selected from published sources and then collapsed into principal components. County-level component scores were then correlated with selected electrical machinery employment variables. The analysis suggests that, with the possible exception of electronic components manufacturing, there has been no widespread locational response by electrical machinery manufacturing in these states to labor environments attractive to firms in the late stage of the product cycle.     

Dynamics of Adjustment and the Social Division of Labor in the Tsubame Cutlery Industry

This paper examines the Tsubame cutlery industry as an example of one of Japan's community-based industries (CBI's). CBI's are localized, closely inter-linked concentrations of small businesses which manufacture and export a distinctive product on the basis of a social division of labor. To demonstrate the dynamic nature of the social division of labor in CBI's we outline the origins and evolution of the cutlery industry in Tsubame and then we analyze in more detail how the industry has adjusted to deteriorating cost conditions since 1970, especially during the late 1980s. The discussion is based on published studies and on field work which investigated the strategies and operations of entrepreneurs as summarized in terms of employment, subcontracting and product trends. We find that the Tsubame cutlery industry has successfully adapted its social division of labor to changing circumstances and that it appears to be in another transition stage at the present time.     

Labor and the Geographic Reorganization of Container Shipping in the U.S.

The globalization of production and the geographic dispersion of economic activity have elevated the importance of the transportation and logistics sectors of the economy. One sector in particular that has experienced significant expansion is maritime transport and container shipping. As the cargo has become increasingly “discretionary” such that it can conceivably be transported through any port that allows intermodal access to the hinterland, the industry has become much more foot‐loose vis‐à‐vis a particular port of entry. The enhanced mobility of the cargo results in more intense port competition. One particular place to observe and study this dynamic is in the port and terminal selection of shippers and shipping lines and the role of port authorities in attempting to attract these carriers to their facilities. In this paper, the focus is on the role of labor and labor relations in such decisions. These issues will be studied in the context of the potential container traffic rerouting from the West to the East Coast of the U.S. and, as an illustrative case study, how these developments have played out for the East Coast port of Jacksonville, Florida.     

Application of Systematic Fuzzy Clustering in the Analysis of Real Estate Markets

This paper discusses mainly how to use the method of systematic clustering to subdivide the markets of the real estates and choose target markets. Then a method for solving this problem was put forward.