黔黄多品系杂交肉鸡规模饲养技术推广

黔黄多品系杂交肉鸡——兴黔肉鸡是以“贵州黄”慢羽系为母系,与引进品种配套杂交产生的三品系杂交肉鸡,7O日龄体重达1800g,料肉比2.56∶1,红黄快羽,全净膛率69.9％,胸腿肌率39.7％,胸肌纤维直径33.4μm,保水率61.75％,具有父系生长快、肉质优良的特点,解决了贵州省多年来无多品系配套肉鸡种源的问题。     

黔黄肉鸡及其亲本的生产性能比较

黔黄肉鸡Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号、Ⅰ号父系为快“８０”隐性白白活克，Ⅱ号父系是快羽红布罗，共同的纱是慢羽贵州黄。黔黄Ⅰ号８９．９％为黄色羽，按羽型自别雌雄准确率９８．９３％；黔黄Ⅱ号１００％黄色忌，自别雌雄准确率８９．９１％。     

海新103配套黄羽肉鸡种课题总结报告

利用通过五个世代选育的海新纯系(品系)CD为母系父本,红宝配套系C×D或CD为母本,狄高配套系A×B或AB为父系组成狄×海红新配套系(命名为海新103)。海新103配套种经过三年的选育,各项指标均达到预期要求。(一)肉用仔鸡8周龄活重:1、生长潜力测定为2.44千克,耗料比2.16:1。2、扩大试验测定:6000羽苗为1.86～2.07千克,耗料比平均2.36:1.3、与引进红宝、海佩科商品代仔鸡对比试验,海新103比引进增重分别提高18.1％、10.2％。(二)母系母鸡产蛋性能测定,按母鸡饲养日计算,68周龄产蛋量三组平均162枚,能入孵种蛋153枚,每羽母鸡平均提供苗鸡110羽,指标为100羽。     

岭南黄鸡快,慢羽品系的生产性能

岭南黄鸡快、慢羽新品系雏鸡在出壳后２４小时内利用羽速自别雌雄的准确率达９４．１％，快羽Ｃ系和慢羽Ｄ系０，４，８，１２周龄的平均体重及１２周龄的料肉比的差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；１２周龄存活率快羽Ｃ系为９５．０３％，明显高于慢羽Ｄ系的８８．７６％。     

新品系AA父母代肉种鸡的高产饲养技术

从肉鸡品系的改良和品种的改进对饲养管理技术提出了新的要求。从肉种鸡的改良主要体现在两个方面：父系由普通型换成了宽胸型，母系则由快羽换成慢羽型，因此生产探索出新的管理技术及模型以适应新品系生长的需求。最近京海公司饲养的一批新品系从父母代肉种鸡取得了良好的生产实绩，现进行总结，供同行交流参考：     

畜牧业技术推广项目系列报道之十——农业部重点推广的畜牧业技术项目简介

艾维茵肉鸡艾维茵肉鸡是美国艾维茵国际有限公司培育的三系配套白羽肉鸡品种。我国从1987年开始引进 ,目前在全国大部分省 (自治区、直辖市 )建有祖代和父母代种鸡场 ,是白羽肉鸡中饲养较多的品种。艾维茵肉鸡为显性白羽肉鸡 ,体型饱满 ,胸宽、腿短、黄皮肤 ,具有增重快、成活率高、饲料报酬高的优良特点。艾维茵肉鸡祖代生产性能 :入舍母鸡平均产蛋率母系60 %、父系52 % ,累计产蛋数母系163枚、父系138枚 ,产蛋合格率平均为91 % ;平均孵化率母系为82 %、父系为77 % ,生产雏鸡母系122只、父系94只 ,生产可售父母代雏鸡母系58只、父系45只 ;4…     

封面图片——新杨种畜场的品种鸡之一 罗斯鸡简介

1981年11月上海市新杨种畜场从英国罗斯公司引进了配套的罗斯蛋用原种鸡A、B、C、D四个品系,其中A系为父系的公鸡,B系为父系的母鸡,C系为母系的公鸡,D系为母系的母鸡。商品代的初生雏可以自别雌雄,雌雏在面部和背部为棕色,雄雏为银色或白色。     

京星肉鸡杂交配套效果与其亲本某些性状的遗传差异研究

经杂交组合试验筛选出京星２０１和１０２肉鸡的母系Ｄ型矮洛克鸡Ｄ１、Ｄ２系及其配套父系Ａ系、Ｈ系和Ｂ系，并进行了血型和血浆蛋白质多态基因群体遗传学分析，发现凡优良杂交组合中的父系（Ａ、Ｈ系）与母系（Ｄ１、Ｄ２系）遗传距离远。父系纯合系数较高，母系较低。这些均与实际杂交结果基本一致。     

天府肉鹅品系及配套系通过省级审定

由四川农业大学培育的天府肉鹅品系及配套系于２００１年６月４日通过了四川省畜牧食品局组织的新品种（系）审定。天府肉鹅系四川农业大学等单位应用现代家禽育种理论，在充分利用四川白鹅的基础上，引进外国优良鹅种基因，进行肉鹅父系和母系专门化品系选育，经过十个世代的艰苦努力，培育而成的肉鹅配套系。新培育的二个纯系及配套系，体型外貌整齐，遗传性能稳定。父系成年体重公鹅５５７７．５g，母鹅４７２８．０g，开户日龄２１０－２３０d，初产年产蛋量４０～５０个，蛋重１４７．５g，受精率７４％～７７％；母系成年体重公鹅４２…     

D系与黄羽鸡杂交56日龄经济效应测定及dw基因遗传规律分析

我所选育中的D系(D型矮洛克鸡,又简称矮脚型鸡)与黄羽鸡R系、H系测交试验结果表明,在单杂交中D系作母系表现出显著的杂交优势,杂交优势率约为25％。56日龄比标准型父系体重、胸角度、跖围分别提高378.8克、5.5度、0.1厘米,跖长降低0.7厘米。D系在单杂交中作父系,其后代公母差异极显著,证实D系含有dw隐性伴性基因。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein