当前制约小规模养禽企业发展的几个瓶颈

2006年入春以来，受到禽流感的影响，我国家禽养殖行业市场仍未见阳光，禽蛋、禽肉产品价格持续走低，消费低迷。 目前国内有实力的大型集约化养禽企业．由于资金充足，市场分析准确，因此早有规避风险的能力。而一些小规模的养殖场户，大多难以维持继续生产，加上目前鸡蛋国标的出台，以及人们对食品安全的逐渐重视，小规模养殖场户即将面临生存危机。     

在行业危机中把握机会

<正>自去年末以来笔者从市场形势持续低迷、国家管理逐步强化、养殖企业快速规模化等几个方面论述了兽药企业目前面临的形势和未来的出路。总的来说2014年兽药行业会面临着前所未有的危机。但是正像很多业内有识之士所说的那样,危机中一定孕育着机会。兽药行业今天所面临的危机中蕴藏着许多机会。谁能在危机中发现机会并有效地把握这些不多的机会,谁就能找到出路,谁就能获得发展。那我们看看兽药行业现在有哪些机会呢?笔者觉得至少有下面四个机会在等待着那些善于发现机遇更善于把握机遇的人。     

冬季规模化白羽肉鸡养殖呼吸道疾病的防治措施

近年来，随着现代规模化白羽肉鸡行业的不断发展以及气候变化异常，养殖环境恶劣等因素影响，呼吸道疾病在国内大部分地区发生情况日趋严重，给养鸡业造成了巨大的损失。尤其冬春寒冷季节，气温较低，标准化鸡舍通风就很有问题，再加上饲养密度较大，造成鸡群呼吸道疾病多发、高发。     

当前我国饲料养殖行业特征与未来发展方向

2009年上半年的世界经济终于在危机中看到了曙光。二季度相关经济数据显示．全球多数大型经济体即将摆脱衰退．从欧元区和英国．到美国、墨西哥和日本——总体指标目前显示出“复苏”,而非自去年8月起一直困扰它们的“强劲放缓”。然而,在全球经济复苏拐点即将出现以及通胀预期增强的经济背景下．我国饲料养殖行业也出现了新的特点。企业规模化程度不断提高、市场集中度明显上升,新的盈利模式快速发展．整体行业进入品牌化效应带动下的流动发展阶段。     

今后5年内兽药行业的走势

<正>未来五年内大部分的兽药小厂都存在危险,就拿石家庄的兽药厂为例,会有70%甚至走向灭亡的边缘,但并不是这个行业将要重新洗牌带来的后果,而是目前养殖行业从分散养殖正在走向集约化养殖带来的必然影响,以前生产出来的兽药都会卖给经销商,做到"库存转移"。     

牛养殖现存问题与疾病防控途径探析

目前,我国的牛养殖业呈现逐年上升的趋势,这也对群众的生活提供了很好的保障作用,但随着牛产业规模的扩大,其养殖过程中也是暴露了越来越多的缺陷,这些问题对牛养殖效率影响显著,同时也阻碍了牛养殖行业的整体发展.所以,我国的牛养殖户就必须探究科学有效的养殖途径来保证牛养殖业的蓬勃发展.     

降低养殖业风险的有效措施

俗话说：家有万贯带毛不算，足以证明从事养殖行业的高风险性。人们炒股时还经常会得到提醒“投资有风险，入市需谨慎”。可从来没有人为加入我们养殖行业的朋友敲响这样善意友好的“警钟”。因此我们必须提高自己的饲养管理水平，将养殖环节中的所有风险降到最低，只有这样才能使我们的利益达到最大化。     

专业化 标准化 简化——畜牧养殖机械设备行业发展之路

近几年。随着国家一系列对养殖行业扶持和优惠政策的出台，以及畜牧业市场本身的不断发展，畜禽养殖机械与设备行业也如同雨后春笋般发展起来了。但如何壮大该行业，更好地为畜牧业发展服务，是我们所有养殖设备生产企业共同关注的问题。     

食品安全任重道远

自2008年乳业行业暴发三聚氰胺事件以来，奶业行业遭受重创，发生严重危机，经过国务院联合相关部门对奶业的强力整治，使得饱受危机冲击的奶业逐步复苏，目前产量已经恢复到危机前95％以上的水平。进入2010年，沉寂一时的三聚氰胺阴魂未散，在市场上再现踪影。     

食品安全任重道远

自2008年乳业行业暴发三聚氰胺事件以来，奶业行业遭受重创，发生严重危机，经过国务院联合相关部门对奶业的强力整治，使得饱受危机冲击的奶业逐步复苏，目前产量已经恢复到危机前95％以上的水平。进入2010年，沉寂一时的三聚氰胺阴魂未散，在市场上再现踪影。     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.