麻疯树扦插繁殖试验

对麻疯树进行扦插繁殖技术试验,分析激素浓度、基质、穗条粗度等对生根率的影响,结果表明：采用激素浓度ABT2 200mg/L,穗条粗度2.1～3.8cm为宜,扦插基质选用江沙、柴皮、红土的处理组合生根率较高。     

麻疯树组织培养研究进展

麻疯树被认为是具有潜在应用前景的生产生物柴油的能源植物,并在制药和病虫害防治方面具有突出优势。近年来关于麻疯树组织培养的报道日益增多,笔者结合自己的工作综述了麻疯树组织培养的研究进展,并对存在的问题作了一些讨论。     

麻疯树生物学研究进展及其开发利用

麻疯树是重要的可再生生物能源植物之一。本文概述了麻疯树的植物学特点、分布、繁殖方法、遗传改良研究及其开发利用前景。     

海南麻疯树资源及其开发利用研究

概述麻疯树的生物学特性、经济价值及主要用途。评述海南省的麻疯树资源及其利用,并对海南麻疯树开发利用和产业发展作了较为深刻的论述。     

麻疯树地理种源对比试验初报

通过对14份不同地理种源麻疯树的对比种植试验,比较当年植株生长量及种子产量。结果表明：不同种源的植株生长量和种子产量存在较大的差异,YD、QY-01、Tc002、002、007地理种源营养生长量较大,其株高达到176～192 cm,地径达7.43～8.52 cm,植株冠幅面积达到190 cm×190 cm;而REP-7、REP-3、REP-2、YS078、BC001地理种源种子产量较高,每亩种子产量达到18.18～29.36 kg。试验为进一步品种选育提供了研究材料。     

低温对麻疯树生理指标的影响

用不同的低温(25℃、12℃、8℃、4℃),分别在不同时间段内(1d、2d、3d、4d)胁迫麻疯树幼苗,以研究麻疯树的冷伤害和抗冷性.结果表明,低温对麻疯树幼苗造成显著伤害,表现为叶绿素含量减少,根系活力降低,生物膜的通透性增大,膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量下降等.冷伤害程度与胁迫温度、胁迫时间密切相关,即胁迫温度越低,胁迫时间越长,麻疯树受害越严重.麻疯树在低温胁迫下生理活动减弱,以减小冷伤害.这是低温适应性反应,表明它具有抗冷性,尤其对12℃以上低温具有较大的耐受性.     

麻疯树毒蛋白(curcin)的抗真菌活性研究

以植物病原真菌水稻稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae Cav.)、松赤枯病菌(Pestalotia funerea)、玉米纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuha)、油菜菌核病菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib)de Bary]为实验菌,检测了麻疯树毒蛋白(curcin)的抗真菌活性.结果表明,5μg/mL curcin能明显抑制菌丝生长和孢子的产生.浓度提高到50 μg/mL时,水稻稻瘟病菌基本不形成孢子,对松赤枯病菌的孢子形成抑制率达83.8%.光镜下可见处理菌丝明显缩小、变形.SDS-PAGE显示,处理菌丝的蛋白质条带减少.curcin对菌丝生长和孢子发育的阻碍作用可能与curcin阻碍了蛋白质合成有关.     

不同地理种源麻疯树植物学形态变异研究

针对不同地理种源麻疯树植物学形态变异特征规律,用主成分分析、聚类分析等方法,对60份不同来源地麻疯树的22个数量性状指标进行分析。结果表明,不同地理种源麻疯树在种植3 a的植株主干高度变异范围最大(3.0~37.3 cm),变异系数为55.03%,其次是叶厚、花序柄长、雌雄开花比例、结果数、二级分枝数和雌花数,变异系数都大于27%,变异幅度最小的为果横径(2.02~3.07 cm),变异系数为7.21%;主成分分析结果显示,前7个主成分的累计贡献率为73.77%,其中第1主成分主要由冠幅(东西、南北)、叶宽、叶长、植株高度、叶柄长5个数量性状构成,第2主成分主要由雌花数、雄花数、结果数、花序长4个数量性状构成,第3主成分主要由种子横径、种子纵径、花序柄长3个数量性状构成,第4主成分主要由果横径和果纵径构成,第5主成分主要由一级分枝数和二级分枝数构成,第6主成分主要由雌雄开花比例构成,第7主成分主要由主干高度构成,方差贡献率依次为24.35%、13.89%、9.73%、8.52%、7.52%、5.02%、4.73%;以此19个数量性状为基础的聚类分析将60份麻疯树种质分为6类。     

能源植物麻疯树遗传改良国内研究进展

麻疯树作为一种具有发展潜力的生物能源物种,受到人们的广泛关注,但由于缺乏适宜的品种,限制了麻疯树的推广。为了使育种工作者对我国麻疯树遗传改良的研究进展充分了解,本文对我国麻疯树遗传改良的目标、种质资源的收集与评价、遗传性状特征的研究、常规育种和生物技术改良等方面进行详细阐述,并对麻疯树的商业化推广种植提出展望。     

不同截杆高度对麻疯树生长的影响

把1年生的麻疯树截杆成6种不同的高度,研究其对植株生长的影响。结果表明：不同截杆高度对株高、地径、冠幅和枝长增长量以及萌芽数、成枝率、枝粗、枝下高和不同长度的萌发枝数量都有显著的影响。综合这些指标来看,在实际生产中,把麻疯树幼树截成60或80cm高更为适宜,能使植株生长更快、更健壮,促进更多的侧芽萌发和成枝,并形成更合理的树冠结构。     

麻疯树优良单株筛选重要性状评价指标研究

利用方差分析、相关分析、因子分析和通径分析等方法,对筛选到的20株麻疯树优良单株的产量性状指标和种子特性等进行分析,结果表明:(1)单株果数、单株种子数、单株果重和单株种子重的变异系数均大于60%,具有较大的选择潜力,而百粒重、种子长度、种子宽度、种子厚度、种子含水量和种子含油量的变异系数分别为9.09%、1.67%、1.99%、2.04%、11.84%和7.02%,相对选择潜力较小;(2)单株果数、单株种数、单株果重和单株种子重4个性状反映了单株产量,且相互间呈极显著正相关,百粒重则反映了种子饱满程度,因此可选取单株种重和百粒重作为麻疯树优良单株筛选评价的主要指标;(3)种子含油量可在将来获得麻疯树高产稳产品种的基础上作为高油品种的筛选评价指标;(4)优良单株CPT1的单株种重、百粒重和种子含油量分别为676.84g、62.04g和34.43%,其产量性状和含油量表现较好,可作为生产上优良品种进一步筛选和培育的对象。     

麻疯树营养器官和种子的蛋白质组成及对水分和温度胁迫的反应

用不同溶剂提取麻疯树根、茎、叶及种子的蛋白质,结果表明总蛋白以种子中含量最高,而营养器官中蛋白质主要集中在叶。萌发种子中蛋白质组分变化显著,而贮藏种子中蛋白质组分无太大变化。当年生种子、贮藏种子、茎和叶中所含蛋白质,以碱提组分含量最高;萌动种子和根中的蛋白质以水提组分含量最高。种子中抗癌蛋白质(28KD)、抗真菌蛋白质(22KD、21KD和20KD三亚基组成64KD)在碱提组分中含量最高。用30％PEG-6000处理麻疯树苗,发现在叶中诱导产生55KD、46KD、36KD、30KD、19KD、16KD和13KD多肽,在茎中产生33KD、30KD和23KD多肽,同时42KD和17KD多肽的含量减少。用4℃和51℃处理麻疯树苗,发现叶中54KD和24KD多肽在4℃和51℃均被诱导增加,44KD和36KD多肽在4℃和51℃均减少;茎中4℃和51℃诱导产生52KD、44KD和14KD多肽,诱导32KD、30KD和14KD多肽的增加。水分胁迫和温度胁迫在麻疯树根中未引起蛋白质组成的明显变化。     

Moisture-dependent physical properties of jatropha seed (Jatropha curcas L.)

The study was conducted to investigate some moisture-dependent physical properties of jatropha seed namely, seed dimension, 1000 seed mass, surface area, sphericity, bulk density, true density, angle of repose and static coefficient of friction against different materials. The physical properties of jatropha seed were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 4.75–19.57% d.w. The average length, width, thickness and 1000 seed mass were 18.65 mm, 11.34 mm, 8.91 mm and 741.1 g, respectively at moisture content of 4.75% d.w. The geometric mean diameter and sphericity increased from 12.32 to 12.89 mm and 0.66 to 0.67 as moisture content increased from 4.75 to 19.57% d.w., respectively. In the same moisture range, densities of the rewetted jatropha seed decreased from 492 to 419 kg m⁻³, true density increased from 679 to 767 kg m⁻³, and the corresponding porosity increased from 27.54 to 45.37%. As the moisture content increased from 4.75 to 19.57% d.w., the angle of repose and surface area were found to increase from 28.15° to 39.95° and 476.78 to 521.99 mm², respectively. The static coefficient of friction of jatropha seed increased linearly against the surfaces of three structural materials, namely plywood (44.12%), mild steel sheet (64.15%) and aluminum (68.63%) as the moisture content increased from 4.75 to 19.57% d.w.     

Breeding and biotechnological efforts in Jatropha curcas L. for sustainable yields

Jatropha is a non-edible, important bioenergy plant, which can grow in marginalized land. The seeds possess about 36% oil and this would be converted into biodiesel or biojet-fuel. Jatropha provides an option for sustainable feed and fuel production due to its inherent qualities including hardy nature, drought tolerance and surviving with limited amount of water, tolerance to unfavorable conditions and excessive moisture. However, heterozygosity, low productivity and poor understanding of its genome are the major impediments to elite line development. Further, classical breeding and advanced technological investments remain limited owing to long juvenile phase and breeding cycles. Scientific technologies that lead to identification of elite genotypes and development of high yielding elite Jatropha lines and effective methods of detoxification of seeds needs immediate priority. Efficient tissue culture system, doubled haploids (DH) and genomic tools are increasingly made available to improve the seed yield and its oil quantity through the development of geminivirus disease resistant lines. The application of advanced, sequencing technologies has presented a repertoire of genomic information for this important yet orphan crop. In the present investigation, we highlight the achievements made in Jatropha towards development of high yielding, virus resistant elite lines and hybrids with yield potential ranging from 3 to 5 tons per hectare in a year, which is a first ever report in the world. We also developed potential biotechnological tools such as genetic transformation, genome editing and next generation genomics tools including linkage maps and QTLs for accelerating breeding efforts through marker assisted selection. Because of our concerted and continuous efforts during the past 15 years, we have overcome all the obstacles and developed high yielding, disease resistant hybrids/lines, advanced cultivation technologies with thorough knowledge on Agronomy of the Jatropha crop. The Jatropha cultivation technology developed for the first time in the world, could open up new avenues for higher yield productivity of commercial viability.     

120份小桐子种质的分子遗传多样性分析

应用32条ISSR引物对13个自然居群的小桐子(Jatropha curcas Linnaeus)共120个个体进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明:(1)小桐子的遗传多样性水平很高.在物种水平上,平均每个位点的多态位点百分率PPB=90.68%,有效等位基因数Ne=1.4005,Nei遗传多样性He=0.2430,Shannon多态信息指数Ho=0.3743;在居群水平上,PPB=69.64%,Ne=1.1138,He=0.1098,Ho=0.163 3.(2)居群间的遗传分化低于居群内的遗传分化.居群间遗传多样性分化系数Gst=0.4718,居群间遗传分化占总遗传变异的47.18%,居群内的遗传变异为52.82%,基因流Nm=0.5598.导致居群内高的遗传变异水平原因主要是有限的基因流和遗传漂变.根据Nei遗传多样性分析和主成分分析结果,居群间的地理距离与遗传一致度不存在相关性.     

Cloning and expression analysis of HXK1 gene from Jatropha curcas L.

HXK (Hexokinase) gene family and the role of JcHXK1 in Jatropha curcas L. were explored. Totally 4 HXK genes JcHXK1, JcHXK2, JcHXK3 and JcHKL1 were identified and complete ORF of JcHXK1 was cloned. Functional domain, phylogenetic evolution and low-temperature expression characteristics were analyzed. Results showed that full-length JcHXK1 cDNA was 1497 bp, encoding 498 amino acids with molecular weight of 53.81 ​kDa and pI of 5.03. Further phylogenetic evolutionary analysis demonstrated HXK1 protein was clustered into 6 small branches and 2 large branches. Sequence alignment showed that HXK1 contained several conserved glycine residues and hydrophobic channels. Prokaryotic expression vector of JcHXK1 was constructed and 12% SDS-PAGE detection showed that it was highly expressed in E. coli. These research was expected to lay a foundation for further gene functional verification and cold signal transduction mechanism for HXK1 in Jatropha curcas L.     

渗透胁迫下水杨酸诱导的小桐子甜菜碱积累涉及Ca2+/CaM信号

本研究以小桐子幼苗为材料,在水培条件下,研究了外源水杨酸（SA）对PEG 6000胁迫下小桐子幼苗甘氨酸甜菜碱含量、代谢关键酶BADH活性和相关基因表达,以及Ca²⁺和CaM抑制剂对SA诱导甜菜碱积累的影响。结果表明:外源1.5 mmol/L SA处理可显著提高渗透胁迫下小桐子幼苗的甜菜碱含量、增加甜菜碱合成关键酶BADH的活性,以及上调JcCMO和JcBADH的表达水平。与单独用PEG处理的幼苗相比,SA处理也提高了渗透胁迫下小桐子幼苗的钙调素（CaM）活性。此外,CaCl₂处理能增强SA诱导的甜菜碱积累效应,提高BADH的活性和上调JcBADH的表达水平,而Ca²⁺通道阻断剂 LaCl₃、CaM抑制剂CPZ和TFP处理得到相反的结果。这些结果表明,外源SA处理可提高渗透胁迫下小桐子幼苗甜菜碱的生物合成能力,且SA诱导的甜菜碱积累过程可能受到Ca²⁺/CaM信号的调控。