环境温度和饲粮金荞麦提取物对蛋鸡肝脏超微结构及线粒体抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮金荞麦提取物（FDR）对不同温度条件下的长顺绿壳蛋鸡肝脏组织超微结构和线粒体抗氧化功能的影响。采用3×4的双因子完全随机试验设计,将192只鸡分为22℃常温、28℃中温和33℃高温以及4个FDR添加水平：0、200、400、800 mg/kg,共12个处理组。每个处理4个重复,每个重复4只鸡。将试验鸡只按照温度梯度分别安排到3个独立的温控鸡舍,于试验结束采集肝脏样品用于超微结构及线粒体抗氧化指标检测。结果显示：（1）33℃高温下蛋鸡肝脏组织超微结构损伤最严重,高温处理下不同浓度FDR添加肝脏组织超微结构损伤有所减轻,添加400 mg/kg组损伤程度最轻;（2）33℃环境条件下,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性分别下降了13%和6.1%,丙二醛（MDA）含量和蛋白质羰基（PC）含量分别上升了17.3%和13.9%,FDR添加与温度的影响呈相反趋势,环境温度和FDR两因子添加对蛋鸡GSH-Px活性、SOD活性、MDA含量和PC含量均有显著的互作影响（P <0.05）;(3)饲粮中添加FDR可上调蛋鸡肝脏中Nrf2信号通路与Trx2系...     

温度胁迫下几种冷季型草坪草抗性机制的研究

研究了３种冷季型草坪草的５个品种在不同温度下地上部分可溶性糖含量,硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）活化的活化,根系中可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物经酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性的变化及其与草坏草抗寒性和耐热性的关系,同时用综合评定法判定了它们的抗寒性和耐热性。结果表明,５℃的低温胁迫下,草坪叶片中的可溶性糖含量和ＮＲ活性增加,根系中的蛋白质含量和ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ活性增强;３３℃的高温下可溶性糖含量和ＳＯＤ活     

贮藏条件对苜蓿叶蛋白功能性酶的影响

以苜蓿为原料,采用酸碱法沉淀叶蛋白凝聚物。冷冻干燥后,分析叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量和氨基酸组成,以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量;得到的苜蓿叶蛋白分别在常温、4℃、-20℃、-40℃条件下储藏,在2周、4周、8周、12周时取样,分析超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在储藏过程中的变化。结果表明：苜蓿叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量远高于日常食品,各种氨基酸种类齐全;苜蓿叶蛋白中含有丰富的SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶;低温对SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的酶活性保存率保存效果最好。     

蜂王浆肌动蛋白是蜂王浆质量的一种可能的标记物

镰仓昌树 (2 0 0 2 )研究蜂王浆成分及生理活性与其新鲜程度的关系时 ,发现一种能够用于鉴别蜂王浆质量的标记物。首先研究的是贮藏温度与时间对蜂王浆成分的影响。在 4 0℃温度下贮藏 7天 ,蜂王浆的 1 0_羟基_2_癸烯酸含量及一些维生素没有变化。而一种特有的蛋白质 ,指定为王浆蛋白质_1(RJP_1 )在 4℃～ 5 0℃和 1～ 7日的贮藏条件下 ,逐渐降解。RJP_1的降解与贮藏温度和时间呈正比。将RJP_1纯化 ,均质 ,定性为一种单体糖蛋白 ,分子量5 7kDa。之后 ,又研究了蜂王浆对雄性小鼠的抗疲劳作用。一次强迫全体小鼠游泳 1 5min ,休息后测定最…     

不同酶促反应条件及热处理对木聚糖酶活的影响

本试验研究了还原糖法不同酶促反应时间、温度和ｐＨ值及干热、温热处理等因素对木聚糖酶活的影响。结果表明：大多数酶制产品获得最高木聚糖酶的促反应条件是１０ｍｉｎ、６０℃和ｐＨ６．３５。酶活测定时各酶制剂具有较宽的温度适应范围（３５￣７５℃）和较宽的ｐＨ值适应范围（ｐＨ４．５￣７．４）。各酶制剂在较高温度（６５￣９５℃）下干热处理１０ｍｉｎ，其酶活损失较少，而在８５℃温热处理时间愈长，其酶活损失愈多。     

低温处理对西番莲扦插苗生长及生理特性的影响

本试验以芭乐黄金果、紫香1号和台农1号西番莲品种扦插苗为试验材料,研究西番莲在低温条件下其植株生长及其体内保护酶活性变化情况,并通过恢复生长试验,测定植株存活率,进一步探明西番莲耐冷机理。试验结果表明,在低温处理下,各参试材料中丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性糖（SS）含量随温度降低而逐渐增加;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性测得值呈下降趋势、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和脯氨酸（Pro）含量测得值呈先增加后减少,在温度为10℃时,测得值均达到最大,在温度低于3℃时,测得值均低于对照;恢复生长试验中,3℃处理后的芭乐黄金果西番莲品种存活率为0,0℃处理后的三个参试品种,存活率均为0。综上所述,西番莲扦插苗受到低温伤害时,其叶片中MDA含量增加,诱导出POD、SOD和CAT保护酶活性,同时体内脯氨酸（Pro）和可溶性糖（SS）含量会逐渐积累增加,从而进一步提高植株抗寒性。     

不同温度对马蹄金草坪生理生化特性的影响

在不同温度处理下，马蹄金叶片中还原糖含量，可溶性蛋白质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均发生明显的变化。结果表明，在温度胁迫下，马蹄金叶片中还原糖含量均增加；可溶性蛋白质含量在低温胁迫下呈下降趋势；MDA含量在-5℃时最大，在其他温度下均低于对照，随温度处理时间的延长MDA含量逐渐增加；SOD、POD和CAT活性在温度胁迫下均下降，但在0℃时SOD和POD活性上升。     

储存温度和时间对蜂王浆10-HDA含量的影响

为了研究蜂王浆的储存条件对其质量的影响,试验将新鲜蜂王浆置于-20℃、4℃、20℃条件下分别存放1 d、5 d、10 d,采用高效液相色谱法测定蜂王浆中的10-羟基-2-癸烯酸(10-HDA)含量。结果表明:蜂王浆中的癸烯酸含量没有发生显著变化。说明蜂王浆中的10-HDA成分相对比较稳定,在一定时间内温度的变化不会影响其重要成分10-HDA的含量。     

不同条件下木聚糖酶稳定性的研究

本试验研究了木聚糖酶在不同温度、pH值和保存条件下酶活变化情况.结果表明:木聚糖酶整体耐高温性能较好,85℃下相对酶活仍然能保持在70%以上,同时随着处理时间的延长在不同温度下酶活损失也呈增加趋势;偏酸性条件木聚糖酶能保持较高的酶活,碱性条件不利于木聚糖酶的存活;在常温和37℃恒温保存条件下木聚糖酶都具有良好的稳定性.     

不同贮存温度和时间对蜂王浆中SOD活性的影响

试验采用总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力试剂盒对贮存在不同时间和温度条件下的蜂王浆SOD活性进行了检测,结果表明:蜂王浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随贮存温度和时间的变化表现十分敏感,新鲜蜂王浆的SOD活性为109.37 U/g,贮存30 d后活性几乎消失.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.