张掖市规模养鸡场生物安全体系的建立

张掖市的集约化养鸡业起始于上世纪80年代中期,从少有到普及,从无序的分散饲养向集约化、产业化生产过渡,发展较为迅速,已逐渐进入由数量型向效益型过渡的新发展时期。经过20多年的发展,养鸡业为优化畜牧业产业结构,发展农村经济找到一条行之有效的发展之路,既丰富了市场供应,满足了广大城乡人民不同消费层次的需求,又给广大养殖户带来了可观的收入。     

鸡病流行特点及防治措施

<正>当前我国的养鸡业发展迅速,农户进行集约化、规模化养殖已成为养鸡业发展的主旋律。然而各类鸡病的频繁发生和反复发作严重制约了我国养鸡业的健康发展,因此了解鸡病的流行规律和特点,并基于此开展有效的综合预防和防治措施,对保障我国养鸡业的健康发展,增加农民的经济收入意义重大。1鸡病的流行特点1.1鸡病种类不断增加随着养鸡业规模化、集约化水平的不断提     

通过127份病料检验浅析鸡病防制中存在的问题

近几年全省养鸡业发展迅速,1989年饲养量达10070万余只。饲养方式已由高密度集约化生产代替了传统的分散饲养。集约化的生产方式促进了养鸡业的发展,但是也给禽病防制带来了新的问题。主要表现为先进的生产方式与落后的经营管理的矛盾日益突出,现就省站1989年接受鸡病料127份之检验结果分析,提出一些看法。     

我国养鸡业的现在和将来

我国幅员辽阔,发展养鸡业具有广阔的空间.20多年来我国养鸡生产从少有到普及,从无序的分散饲养向集约化、工厂化、产业化生产过渡,发展较为迅速,已逐渐进入由数量型向效益型过渡的新发展时期.养鸡业的发展为优化畜牧业产业结构,发展农村经济找到一条行之有效的发展之路,既丰富了市场供应,满足了广大城乡人民不同消费层次的需求,又给广大人民带来了可观的收入.     

浅谈蛋鸡高效养殖措施

改革开放以来,我国的家禽生产得到了快速发展,尤以养鸡业更加突出。养鸡业发展不仅促进了经济的增长,也提高了人民群众的生活水平,为我国农业的崛起兴盛作出了巨大贡献。本文就蛋鸡饲喂技术进行论述,可为今后科学养殖、提升养殖质量提供理论和技术借鉴。     

把牧业“蛋糕”做大做好

中央经济工作会议提出“尽快把畜牧业发展成一个大产业”,这是党中央、国务院从全球经济一体化、我国国民经济发展的实际出发所作出的英明决策,对我国农村经济的发展极具指导意义,必将促进我国农村经济工作的新发展。     

浅析当前农村养鸡存在的问题及对策

随着农村经济的进一步发展 ,养鸡业在我省广大农村地区已成为一大经济支柱产业。但是 ,因近几年来有些地区养鸡业发展过于迅猛 ,出现了饲养品种太杂 ,饲料及畜产品流通等方面存在一些问题。本人结合几年来基层工作实践经验 ,提出当前农村影响养鸡业发展的几项问题 ,仅供同仁参考。1　重规模 ,不能正确对待自身条件与高科技投入有些农民在一无资金、二无技术、三无设施、四无场地情况下土法上马。有人人能养鸡 ,家家能办鸡场错误心态 ,轻视了自身情况和养鸡技术问题。有些养殖户一味扩大生产 ,追求规模效益。一年内多次引雏 ,多次淘汰鸡 ;一…     

禽病防控综合措施

近二十年来,随着养鸡业的快速发展,我国禽病危害越来越突显。尤其是发生禽流感以后,广大养鸡户承受着心理上和经济上双重压力,养鸡业前途未卜。所以能否有效控制如禽流感、新城疫等烈性传染病是关系到我国养鸡生产能否健康发展的主要因素。     

农村规模化养殖场及动物疫病综合防疫要点

养殖业是我国农业经济的重要组成部分,从我国畜牧业的发展历史来看,千家万户的散养是我国畜牧业的传统生产方式。近年来,随着大量农村外出务工人数的增加和我国农业经济结构的调整,我国畜牧业的生产方式发生了新的变化,农村分散养殖的生产比例大幅减少,适度规模化养殖场相继出现并逐渐增加。在当前动物疫病复杂多变的新形势下,农村规模化养殖场畜禽群体数量逐步扩大,周转流动速度加快,饲养密度逐渐提高,但动物防疫水平较低,因此极易造成疫病的流行,给农村规模化养殖场造成极大的损失,甚至破产,从而严重阻碍我国畜牧业生产方式的转变和我国畜…     

河北省蛋鸡产业发展新动向

伴随着改革的步伐，河北省养鸡业从弱到强，从农家副业逐渐过渡到区域化、规模化、集约化的一大产业，已成为一些地方农民增收、农村经济持续发展的一项产业。，在河北省，养鸡业是畜牧业中市场开放最早、科技应用水平最高、产业发展最快的行业。二十世纪八十年代以来，通过大量引进国内外良种蛋鸡，加强饲养管理和提高疫病防治技术水平，使全省的鸡蛋产量迅速攀升，成为全国蛋品生产大省。养鸡业的快速发展也带动了饲料、兽药等相关行业的发展。如何在较好的产业基础上继续优化、提升和发展河北的蛋鸡产业，是河北省各级部门值得研究的一个问题。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。