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应用白僵菌防治荔枝蝽的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用Bbtd1、Bbt02、Bbt04、Bbtd7、Bh和Bbf2,6株白僵菌菌株对荔枝蝽若虫、成虫进行室内毒力测定和林间防治试验,结果表明,不同菌株间的毒力存在显著差异,以Bbtd1菌株毒力最强,用1×108个.mL-1的孢子液对荔枝蝽若虫、成虫进行室内和林间感染,防后15 d室内2~4龄若虫校正死亡率达97.6%,LT50为4.2929 d,林间防治效果平均达90%以上,经大面积示范应用,取得了显著的防治效果。  相似文献   

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昆虫病原真菌毒素的研究进展   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
根据昆虫病原真菌素的分子量和结构分为低分子量毒素和高分子蛋白毒素两大类,根据结构将低分子量毒素分为环缩肽类,色素类,有机酸类和其它类,根据功能将大分子蛋白毒素分为酶类毒素和非酶类蛋白毒素。对白僵菌素、破坏素等多种昆虫病原菌毒素的结构和性质进行了阐述。从昆虫病原真菌产毒素的适宜培养条件得到毒素的分离纯化方法,毒素毒力的生物测定和毒素的致病机理等方面的研究进展情况进行了评述。  相似文献   

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昆虫病原线虫研究进展(英文)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郝德军  高振环  庄倩  李华 《林业研究》2001,12(4):257-262
本文综述了国内外研究与利用昆虫病原线虫的历史和现状;详细阐述了昆虫病原线虫的分类、生活史以及与共生细菌杀死寄主昆虫的机制;介绍了共生细菌的分类、菌型、病原作用和抗菌作用;叙述了昆虫病原线虫的生产与利用概况,以及利用生物工程技术进行性状遗传改良的情况;最后就存在的问题和应用前景作了述评。  相似文献   

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从总结人类认识、利用真菌的历史出发,提出了“菌物”的概念。对运用新技术在病原真菌的研究的进展、菌物物种的多样性等方面作了综述。  相似文献   

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黄山风景区亮壮异蝽病原真菌及高毒菌株筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
该文对黄山风景区亮壮异蝽UrocheladistinctaDistant的病原真菌进行了详细的调查 ,共鉴定出 5种病原真菌 :球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana (Bals.)Vuill.、粉拟青霉Paecilomycesfari nosus (Holm .exGray .)Brown&Smith、蜡蚧轮枝孢Verticillumlecanii(Zimmermann)Viegas、芽枝状枝孢霉Cladosporiumcladosporioides(Fres .)deVries和一种顶孢霉Acremoniumsp .,其中球孢白僵菌为绝对优势种群 ,占 92 %。选用 10株不同来源的球孢白僵菌菌株对亮壮异蝽成虫进行了毒力测定 ,结果表明Bb35 7菌株毒力最强 ,是可用于林间防治的生产菌株  相似文献   

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该文综述了美国白蛾的生物学特性、发生规律及危害特点和国内外白僵菌、绿僵菌、玫烟色棒束孢在防治美国白蛾方面的研究和应用进展。  相似文献   

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危害橡胶木的真菌和昆虫   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
橡胶树[Hevea brasiliensis(H.B.K)Muell-Arg.]是一种具有很高经济价值的树种,全世界99%的天然橡胶是由它生产出来的。橡胶树原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域的热带丛林,Wickham1876年首次将它引入远东地区,随着引种栽培技术的不断进步,目前世界许多热带地区都有它的分布。橡胶树的经济价值不仅仅在于它基本保障了世界天然橡胶的市场供应,而且由于橡胶木自身具有颜色纹理美观、易于加工、供应充足且价格相对低廉等特点,近20多年来,橡胶木加工业发展迅速。国外新近研究选育出的橡胶树品系具有良好的第二特性,适于木材生产和加工,它们的更新期有些从过去的25~35a缩短到15~20a,在重视环保问题的今天,橡胶木的利用越来越受到青睐。  相似文献   

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昆虫病原线虫的制剂生产及应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
该文概述了用于防治农林害虫的昆虫病原线虫的培养方法,制剂生产步骤和目前存在的问题,讨论了制剂生产时的质量控制方案及制剂应用策略。  相似文献   

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荔枝蝽白僵菌优良菌株的筛选及应用技术的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
从林间采集的自然感染白僵菌的荔枝蝽僵虫,分离纯化菌株,进行不同菌株生长性状培养比较,以及在室内和果园中对荔枝蝽毒力生物测定,从中筛选出生长性状优良,对荔枝蝽毒力最强的菌株Bh1,应用该优良菌株的菌剂与农药混用防治,能有效地控制荔枝枝蝽的严重危害,适宜菌厂大规模生产和在闽中、南地区大面积防治推广。  相似文献   

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Pathogenicity of 13 strains of entomopathogenic fungi belonging to genera Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium, Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Lecanicillium (=Verticillium) was evaluated on fourth instar larvae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lep.: Thaumatopoeidae). Larvae were treated individually by dipping into conidial suspension with the concentration of 1.0 × 105 conidia ml−1. All the tested isolates resulted in various levels of mortality (16–100%), and eleven of them were able to grow and sporulate on dead larvae. Mortality caused by three isolates of P. fumosoroseus, one isolate of Beauveria bassiana and one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae were significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Three isolates of P. fumosoroseus, one isolate of P. farinosus, and one isolate of M. anisopliae showed mycelial growth and sporulation on significantly more cadavers compared to other treatments. Dose–mortality test was conducted with P. fumosoroseus (isolate no: 2679), which appeared to be the most promising isolate among the tested fungi, by spraying five concentrations of its conidia (1.0 × 106, 1.5 × 106, 7.5 × 106, 1.0 × 107 and 1.5 × 107 conidia ml−1). The estimation of the LC50 (95% confidence limits) was 3.4 × 106 (9.3 × 105 − 6.9 × 106) conidia ml−1. This study showed that P. fumosoroseus (isolate no: 2679) could be a good candidate as a microbial control agent against T. pityocampa in forest environment.  相似文献   

13.
The litchi stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) is one of the major pests of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in tropical Asia. Systemic effects of azadirachtin (at a concentration of 0.17 g active ingredient per centimeter trunk diameter) on T. papillosa were examined by injecting the dissolved product (NeemAzal U) into the trunks of four caged litchi trees in an orchard in northern Thailand. Four untreated caged trees served as control. Mean weekly mortality rates of individuals released on the treatment date (initially 55 nymphs per cage) were significantly higher in the treatment cages (55%) than in the control cages (10%) between the second and the fourth week of the experiment. Mortality in the treatment cages was probably due to both toxic effects (ecdysis inhibition) and antifeedant effects (starvation). Weekly mortality rates of individuals released 2 weeks after tree injection (initially 20 nymphs per cage) were not significantly different between treatment and control cages, indicating a weakening effect of azadirachtin, 2–3 weeks after tree injection. Azadirachtin concentration in ripe fruits was less than 5 mg/kg fruit pulp 18 days after tree injection. Although the results of this study are not yet sufficient for practical recommendations, they provide indications of alternative options for integrated pest management approaches. The azadirachtin tree injection method should also be tested against other pests of litchi, and of fruit trees in general.  相似文献   

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The pathogenicity of local isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown & Smith) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) were evaluated under laboratory conditions against pupae and adults of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) via different routes of exposure. Average mortality of pupae after immersing them into spore suspensions was in general low and ranged from 18.7 to 23.9 % depending on fungal species and dose applied. However, adults obtained from treated pupae appeared to have higher mortality rates compared to control with all fungi and doses tested. Adults’ average mortalities ranged from 41.9 to 88.0 % after exposing them to EPF either by feeding on a mixture of conidial suspension and artificial food or by bodily contact with conidia, depending on fungal species, dose and method of exposure. The proportion of cadavers, pupae or adults, that produced visible signs of mycosis ranged from 40.4 to 73.3 % with the exception of those that were exposed to M. anisopliae. In that case, none of the insects that died after exposure to conidia of M. anisopliae developed visible mycelium on their surface. Moreover, confining treated with untreated adults indicated horizontal conidial transmission in some cases. Our results indicate that EPF might be a promising biological control agent for the Mediterranean fruit fly and could be utilised with different modes of application: soil application against pupae and cover or bait sprays against adults.  相似文献   

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The horse chestnut leaf-miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimi?, Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) is an invasive pest causing extensive damage to leaves of the horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in Europe. In Lithuania, C. ohridella invaded in 2002 causing wilting, browning and premature fall of A. hippocastanum leaves. The aim was to get a better understanding of possible linkages between foliar fungal communities and leaf-miner damage in A. hippocastanum. Leaves of A. hippocastanum, differentially damaged by C. ohridella, were collected in 10 sites in Lithuania. The fungal communities were described through DNA isolation and amplification using an ITS rRNA marker and Ion Torrent-sequencing. Clustering of 214,897 high-quality sequences resulted in 1017 non-singleton fungal taxa, among which Aureobasidium pullulans (28.2% of all fungal sequences), Endoconidioma populi (27.7%), Phoma fungicola (11.3%), Cladosporium ramotenellum (7.6%) and Cryptococcus sp. 2185_4 (5.0%) were most common. Correspondence analysis showed that fungal communities from heavily and slightly damaged leaves were largely intermingled, showing that in both types of samples fungal communities were similar. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the phyllosphere of A. hippocastanum is inhabited by a high diversity of fungal species, the majority of which constitute generalist endophytes, epiphytes and saprotrophic fungi. The occurrence of common phyllosphere fungi was unrelated to the degree of damage by C. ohridella.  相似文献   

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The biodegradated abilities of 13 edible fungi to straw were studied. The results showed that all the experimental fungi except Tricholama mongolicum had definite biodegradated abilities to the lignin and cellulose of straw. The Ideal fungus for straw degradation was screened out as Pleurotus ostreatus, which showed a higher degradation ability for lignin (17.86%) and lower degradation rate for cellulose (2.24%), with a Selection Factor (SF) of 7.97. The degradation rates of lignin and cellulose for other fungi ranged from 2.30% to 16.54% and 5.60% to 17.32%, respectively, and the SF was very low in range of 0.14 to 2.24.The ratio of colony‘s diameters to the color-zone (d1/d2) and SF are negative correlation, with a correlation coefficient of -0.1476.  相似文献   

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树木枝干溃疡病菌致病力分化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用人工接种的方法,对不同地理区域、不同寄主上的24个Botryosphaeria dothidea菌株、6个B.berengeriana菌株在不同抗性杨树上接种后的致病力分化进行了研究.结果显示:接种后是否形成愈伤组织是树木抗性的表现,也是真菌致病力大小的表现;B.dothidea菌株存在致病力分化现象,表现为强、中、弱3种类型,中等致病力的菌株是优势类群;以杨树为接种材料,24个B.dothidea菌株的致病力呈现一定的地理分化现象,致病力从强到弱依次为:华东(华南)>西北>华北(华中)>东北,即菌株致病力从我国南方向北方有逐渐变小的趋势;苹果轮纹病菌和干腐病菌的致病力也呈现出南方菌株大于北方菌株的特点.从溃疡病菌株的致病力出发分析了5种杨树的抗病性,其结果与以往的观察结果相一致.  相似文献   

18.
13种食用菌对稻草生物降解能力的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过对13种食用菌对稻草生物降解能力的研究,结果表明除蒙古白蘑(Tricholamamongolicum)外,其他12菌株对稻草中的木素及纤维素均有一定的降解能力。其中侧耳(Pleurotus.ostreatus)表现出了很强的木素降解能力及较低的综纤维素降解能力,其木素降解率为17.86%,综纤维素降解率为2.44%,SF指数为7.97,为理想的木素降解菌。其他菌株木素降解率为2.30%~16.54%,综纤维素降解率为5.60%~17.32%,而SF指数均较低,介于0.14~2.24。通过线性回归得出菌落直径与变色圈直径比值(d1/d2)和选择性指数(SF)为负相关,其相关系数r=-0.1476,相关性不大。表5参9。  相似文献   

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Twenty‐nine fungi that were isolated from seeds and female cones of Podocarpus falcatus from natural forests in Ethiopia, were assessed for their impact on seeds and seedlings of the same host. Based on the results from in vitro seed inoculation tests, we could group the fungi into five categories as: (i) isolates that were pathogenic only to seeds and had no obvious impacts on the germlings; (ii) isolates that were pathogenic only to the germlings; (iii) isolates that were pathogenic both to seeds and the emerging germlings; (iv) isolates that were more or less harmless; and (v) isolates that were germination promoters. Inoculation tests were also performed on 4–7‐day‐old aseptically grown seedlings. Fusarium oxysporum and Polyporus sp., were strongly pathogenic to both seeds and seedlings, while Nectria gliocladioides, Peniophora cinerea and Pestalotiopsis neglecta also demonstrated pathogenicity but to a lesser extent. Other isolates, e.g. Diaporthe spp. resulted in increased germination of P. falcatus seeds and no pathogenicity to seedlings. However, further investigations are required in order to find out how these fungi behave under nursery or field conditions.  相似文献   

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