The occurrence of Fusarium varieties and their mycotoxins in silo corn. 3. The effect of silaging on the zearalenone content of CCM corn

The influence of silaging on zearalenone already formed and on the growth of Fusarium culmorum in naturally contaminated CCM maize was studied. The zearalenone content remained approximately constant (13.35 +/- 2.94 mg/kg, n = 59) over the whole test period (12 weeks), whereas Fusarium culmorum could not longer be detected after 11 days. Thus the hypothesis that zearalenone survives the silaging process unchanged is experimentally strongly supported. The study confirms the view that zearalenone detected in maize silages is probably already formed in the field or during intermediate storing. Relations between the fermentation process and the toxin content of the silage could not be ascertained.     

The occurrence of Fusarium strains and their mycotoxins in corn silage. 4. The occurrence of zearalenone in the first cut zone of horizontal silos

Studies of the occurrence of zearalenone in the cutting surface of a horizontal silo were carried out over 12 days. On all sampling days the silage contained less than 0.1 mg/kg zearalenone (detection limit of the thin-layer chromatographic procedure). Zearalenone could not be detected in silage put into interim store over a period of 17 days either. The results document that zearalenone-producing Fusarium species have no considerable share in the decay of maize silage.     

薄层色谱和液相色谱法鉴别中兽药散剂中掺加的磺胺喹噁啉钠

对磺胺喹噁啉钠采用硅胶GF254板为固定相,以正丁醇-浓氨水(15∶3)为展开剂,用薄层色谱鉴别中兽药散剂中磺胺喹噁啉钠分离较好,斑点显色清晰且无干扰,可用于中药散剂中非法添加物磺胺喹噁啉钠的快速筛选。采用C18柱为固定相,以甲醇-乙腈-水-冰乙酸(2∶2∶9∶0.2)为流动相,紫外检测波长为270 nm。液相色谱鉴别中药散剂中非法添加磺胺喹噁啉钠分离良好,无干扰峰,可用于中兽药散剂中非法添加物磺胺喹噁啉钠的鉴别。     

薄层色谱和高效液相色谱联合检测玉米赤霉烯酮的方法研究

建立了薄层色谱法(TLC)定性检测和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)定量检测相结合的检测玉米粉中玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)的方法。以石油醚∶乙醚∶冰醋酸(70∶28∶2)为展开剂,TCL定性检测ZON,ZON的比移值(Rf值)约为0.26。HPLC对ZON进行定量分析,ZON在0.25~5μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,回收率高,检测限为3μg/kg。试验表明:TLC快速、简便,可作为大批量、快速检测ZON的有效方法;HPLC精确、灵敏度高可作为定量检测ZON的有效手段。     

液相色谱-荧光检测法检测水产品中甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素及代谢物氟甲砜霉素胺残留

建立了以带荧光检测器的液相色谱检测水产品中甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素与氟甲砜霉素胺残留的新方法.采用碱性乙酸乙酯-乙腈提取试样中残留的化合物,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化,荧光检测器的激发与发射波长分别为225 nm与295 nm,可疑样品以液相色谱-质谱/质谱进行确证.在添加浓度为0.050～2.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率在86.4%～96.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在5.63%～9.71%之间(n=5);甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素在0.20～5.0 mg/L范围内、氟甲砜霉素胺在0.10～5.0 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,甲砜霉素与氟甲砜霉素的检测限达0.020mg/kg、氟甲砜霉素胺的检测限达0.010 mg/kg.     

Occurrence of Fusarium strains and their mycotoxins on corn silage. 6. Formation of zearalenone and trichothecenes (type A) by indigenous Fusarium isolates

A total of 399 indigenous Fusarium strains mainly isolated from silage maize were tested for the production of zearalenone and type A trichothecenes by thin-layer chromatography and biological assays. About 45% of the isolates examined were capable of producing different levels of zearalenone and trichothecene toxins on a cracked corn substrate. The majority of these strains (75%) produced zearalenone only and no trichothecenes type A. The results of the biological tests indicated a higher rate of toxin-positive extracts than chemical analysis. Isolates of nine out of seventeen Fusarium species examined produced one or several mycotoxins looked for. The most important toxin producers were F. culmorum and F. crookwellense (zearalenone) and F. sporotrichioides (trichothecenes type A), respectively. F. avenaceum, the species most frequently isolated from silage maize, produced neither zearalenone nor trichothecenes but avenacein Y a antibiotic compound. First results of a study of the production of type B trichothecenes have shown that indigenous F. culmorum isolates were capable of producing high levels of deoxynivalenol.     

高效液相色谱法测定青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量条件探讨

本文应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量测定进行了研究。通过对色谱柱、流动相、流速及样品处理条件进行优化，建立了一种应用HPLC法同时测定青贮饲料桑中乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量的方法。研究结果表明：乳酸、乙酸和丙酸在一定浓度下具有良好的线性关系，且相关系数R2均大于0.999，加标回收率为98.35% ~ 104.24%，标准品中回收率和精密度试验相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.01%~0.58%，表明该方法准确性较好。3种物质检出限为4.928 ~ 9.489 mg/L，适用于青贮饲料桑中有机酸的定量检测。 [关键词] 高效液相色谱（HPLC）|青贮饲料桑|乳酸|乙酸|丙酸     

气相色谱法测定青贮玉米中4类农药残留量的研究

试验建立青贮玉米中4类6种(异丙甲草胺、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、腐霉利、虫螨腈)农药残留的气相色谱检测方法。样品经组织捣碎,乙腈提取,振荡分层,弗罗里矽固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液于50℃氮吹至5 mL以下后用正己烷定容,过0.22μm有机系滤膜,采用RTX-5和wondacap-1色谱柱分离。结果表明:青贮玉米中的4类农药在0.02、0.06、0.10 mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为82.92%~105.83%,RSD值为2.44%~7.02%,方法的定量限是0.02 mg/kg。该方法样品前处理操作简便快捷、安全性高、准确度和灵敏度高,适用于青贮玉米中杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、杀螨剂4类农药残留的检测。     

Detection of T-2 toxin in grains using thin layer chromatography with silica gel (TLC)

The TLC method of the detection of T-2 toxin in grains is described. A thin layer of silica gel with a sensitivity of 3 mg/kg is used in this method. In comparison with the biological assay for dermal irritability, the TLC method is 30 times less sensitive. However, it has one great advantage over the bioassay: its specificity. It is recommended for practice to use a screening method based on the test for the dermal irritability of rabbits. When the content of toxins is higher, the analytic method can be used for trying to identify the given mycotoxin of the trichothecene group. T-2 toxin was detected in none of the 33 samples of tested grains (14 samples of barley, 7 wheat, 5 rye, 5 oats, 2 samples of maize).     

免疫亲和色谱高效液相色谱法检测鲟鱼肌肉中常山酮的残留

试验建立了由免疫亲和色谱-高效液相色谱方法检测鲟鱼肌肉中常山酮的残留。样品经胰蛋白酶酶解,乙酸乙酯提取,再用0.125mol/l的醋酸铵缓冲液分离,经免疫亲和色谱柱净化,以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲液-水为流动相(含0.1%三乙胺),反相液相色谱-紫外检测法检测,检测波长243nm。在20～200μg/kg添加浓度的范围内,样品回收率分别为75.4%～82.0%,变异系数分别为0.7%～8.6%。方法检测限为10μg/kg。结果显示:本方法灵敏度高,干扰少,重复性好。     

A simple thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of ergovaline in leaf sheaths of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum.

A relatively simple and inexpensive thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method is described for the detection and semiquantitative measurement of ergovaline in leaf sheaths of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Samples were finely ground and extracted with methanol. The extracts were filtered and the methanol was evaporated. The aqueous residue was extracted with hexane, followed by chloroform at pH 9. The chloroform extract was concentrated and further purified on a preparative silica gel TLC plate, developed with toluene/ethyl acetate/acetonitrile (50:10:40). The ergovaline band was scraped and eluted with methanol. The eluant was concentrated and an aliquot was applied to a silica gel TLC plate. The plate was developed successively with chloroform/acetone/acetic acid (90:10:5) and chloroform/ethanol (9:1). Ergovaline was visualized with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and sulfuric acid. Semiquantitation of ergovaline was achieved by comparison with a known standard of ergotamine, which was shown to have the same Rf as ergovaline in this system. Spike recovery of ergotamine averaged 60%, with a limit of detection of 200 microg/kg of dry tall fescue leaf sheaths. The method was applied to 15 tall fescue samples with varying degrees of fungal infection, and ergovaline was identified in all contaminated samples with endophyte infection above 15%. Thin-layer chromatography may be also applicable for tall fescue seed, where the ergovaline content is usually higher and the amount of interfering pigments is much lower.     

"饲用玉米-黑麦草"草地农业系统的研究Ⅳ饲用玉米新品种生产性能比较

采用小区试验方式,在施肥水平、管理一致、同一播种密度的条件下,进行了不同饲用玉米Zea mays品种产量性能的比较研究.结果表明:在各个点不同饲用玉米品种产量差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01),3个点都是奥玉5102产量最高,其全株干物质平均产量达21 419.61 kg/hm2,且该品种品质好,植株健壮,叶片浓绿,保绿性好,株型半紧凑,是一个良好的饲用玉米品种.     

Determination of zearalenone in grains using high pressure liquid chromatography

The determination of zearalenone content in cereals (maize, wheat and barley) was performed by means of liquid chromatography using the Czechoslovak-made apparatus. This method enables to determine this mycotoxin up to the concentration of 8 micrograms per 1 kg of grain with the accuracy exceeding +/- 9%.     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)理化检测方法的研究

比较了检测饲料中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的3种方法:薄层层析法(TLC)、高效液相色谱分析(HPLC)、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS),建立了TLC的定性检测及HPLC的定量检测相结合的方法。同时通过反复试验,结合HPLC检测,确定了以展开剂氯仿:甲醇(90∶10)展开DON毒素的R f值约为0.45。     

甜瓜蒂质量标准完善研究

完善甜瓜蒂质量标准并提高。采用薄层色谱法对甜瓜蒂进行定性鉴别,并采用高效液相色谱法测定葫芦素B的含量,色谱条件:Agilent HC-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(60∶40)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为228 nm。结果表明,薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,专属性强,重复性良好;高效液相色谱法测定葫芦素B的回归方程为:Y=1 367 962.09X+465.59,r=0.999 6,在0.0340~4.247 0 mg/mL线性关系良好;平均回收率为98.4%,RSD为1.6%。说明该研究建立的薄层色谱鉴别和高效液相色谱含量测定方法简便、快捷、结果准确、可靠,为甜瓜蒂质量标准的修订完善提供了可靠依据。     

贞苓增免散的质量标准研究

通过对贞苓增免散进行定性鉴别、定量分析,建立该制剂的质量控制方法。本研究采用薄层色谱法对女贞子、茯苓进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定贞苓增免散中特女贞苷的含量,条件为:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂、甲醇-水(40:60)为流动相、检测波长224 nm、流速1.0 mL/min、柱温室温、进样量10μL;同时采用硫酸-蒽酮法测定贞苓增免散中茯苓多糖的含量,以葡萄糖为对照品,硫酸-蒽酮溶液为显色剂,在620 nm处测定OD值。结果显示:薄层色谱斑点清晰、无阴性干扰、专属性强、分离度高,能有效鉴别女贞子、茯苓;加样回收试验测得特女贞苷与茯苓多糖的含量分别在0.03~0.30 g/L、0.052~0.100 g/L呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为98.28%、99.20%,RSD分别为2.17%、2.22%;高效液相法测得贞苓增免散中特女贞苷含量为12.3 mg/g;硫酸-蒽酮法测得0.1 g/L中贞苓增免散中茯苓多糖含量为0.077 8 mg。本研究建立的方法简便易行、稳定性、重复性好,可有效控制贞苓增免散的质量。     

鸡肝组织中拉沙洛西钠残留的高效液相色谱检测方法

建立了鸡肝组织中拉沙洛西钠残留的高效液相色谱检测方法.甲醇提取鸡肝组织样品中残留的拉沙洛西钠,硅胶柱净化,以磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈-甲醇作为流动相,反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法检测.方法平均回收率为82.1%,平均变异系数为7.75%,方法的检测限为0.02 mg/kg.     

Occurrence of Fusarium strains and their mycotoxins in corn silage. 7. Formation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in a silage corn plot artificially inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and the effect of silaging on the stability of the DON formed

The formation of deoxynivalenol in a maize plot inoculated with Fusarium culmorum was studied over a growing season. Already three weeks after inoculation 4.9 mg/kg of DON were measured in the infected ears. The toxin concentration increased continuously up to harvest after eight weeks to a value of 261 mg/kg. Ensilage experiments in laboratory scale silos have shown that the DON content of naturally contaminated corn-cob-mix was not reduced during the ensilage process. It was concluded that infection of maize plants by toxin-producing Fusarium species followed by DON production in the field seems to be the most probable way of contamination of maize silage with this mycotoxin.     

中兽药乌梅颗粒质量标准的研究

为了建立乌梅颗粒的质量标准,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对乌梅、黄连进行鉴别;用高效液相色谱法测定乌梅颗粒中枸橼酸的含量。色谱条件为Silgreen C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢铵溶液(3∶97)(用磷酸调节p H值至3.0);检测波长为210 nm;流速为0.6 m L/min;柱温为室温。研究建立了乌梅、黄连的薄层色谱定性鉴别的方法;建立了HPLC测定乌梅颗粒中枸橼酸含量的方法。建立的乌梅颗粒鉴别及枸橼酸含量测定方法简单、易于操作、准确度高、重现性好,可用于乌梅颗粒的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中艾司唑仑的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定预混合饲料、配合饲料和浓缩饲料中艾司唑仑含量的检测方法。试样用正己烷-二氯甲烷(1∶1,V/V)提取,经MCX固相萃取柱进一步净化,采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测法进行定量分析。饲料中艾司唑仑的检测限为0.1 mg/kg,定量限为0.25 mg/kg。在饲料中添加0.25、0.5、2.5 mg/kg水平的药物回收试验中,平均回收率均在82.8%~105.9%之间,相对标准偏差为1.62%~8.40%。该方法灵敏、准确,适用于饲料中艾司唑仑含量的分析检测。