ISOLATION OF MYCOPLASMA HYOPNEUMONIAE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PNEUMONIA OF PIGS IN AUSTRALIA

Nine strains of mycoplasmas were isolated from the lungs of 5 pigs with clinical signs of naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was isolated from the lungs of 1 pig and M. hyorhinis from the lungs of 4. An unidentified mycoplasma, which utilized arginine, grew rapidly in broth culture and produced centred colonies on solid medium, was isolated from the lungs of 4 pigs. The pathogenicity of the isolated strain of M. hyopneumoniae was determined by inoculation of pigs from an enzootic pneumonia-free herd. Enzootic pneumonia was produced in the lungs of all 5 pigs inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with broth cultures of the organism isolatied by limit dilution techniques. Enzootic pneumonia was produced in 3 of 6 pigs inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with M. hyopneumoniae purified by the passage of colonies on agar blocks. M. hyopneumoniae was isolated in pure culture from the lungs of all pigs with induced pneumonic lesions.     

苄青霉素在猪链球菌实验性感染的猪体内代谢动力学研究

本文报道苄青霉素在健康猪(8头)和人工感染猪链球菌病猪(6头)体内代谢动力学的比较研究。按每公斤体重肌肉注射15000单位苄青霉素后,不同时间采血,用微生物法测定血清药物浓度。两组猪的药时数据均符合有吸收因素二室开放模型。 除了动力学参数α、Ka、K_(12)、t1/2α、t1/2Ka和Tmax外,其他参数在健康和感染猪间具有显著差异。猪链球菌实验性感染猪的动力学参数B、β及K_(21)的值显著增加,而参数A、K_(10)、t1/2β、Cmax、AUC与Tcp(ther)的值显著减小。     

国内火鸡体内霉形体的分离与鉴定

从北京和呼和浩特市4个火鸡场的95只火鸡、50只火鸡胚和42份精液样品中分离到15个分离物,用国际霉形体分类分会推荐的生化、遗传学和血清学方法证明其中有两个分离物是两种霉形体混合物,共17株霉形体。所有分离物在无抑菌剂的培养基上连续传代5次未出现细菌形态、对毛地黄皂苷敏感、不水解尿素、DNA的G C含量介于26-34mol％之间。生长抑制试验和间接表面免疫荧光技术的试验结果将其中的15个株分属于霉形体属的5个种,即鸡毒霉形体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum)4株、滑液霉形体(M.synoviae)2株、衣阿华霉形体(M.iowae)1株、鸡霉形体(M.gallinarum)和雏鸡霉形体(M.pullorum)各4株。其余2株也属霉形体属,但尚未鉴定到种。     

THE ISOLATION OF MYCOPLASMA HYOSYNOVIAE AND EXPOSURE OF PIGS TO EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION

Arginine-utilising mycoplasmas isolated from the pneumonic lungs of 4 pigs were identified as M. hyosynoviae by their growth characteristics, biochemical activity and serological similarity to each other and to 2 type strains of M. hyosynoviae in growth inhibition tests. A purified culture of one M. hyosynoviae isolate was inoculated intravenously into 3 pigs which were killed 9 days later. Although arthritis was not observed clinically, M. hyosynoviae was isolated from 8 of 9 joints cultured, the tonsils and retropharyngeal lymph nodes of all 3 pigs and the lungs of 2 pigs. No histopathological changes were observed in synovial membranes of the joints cultured or lungs but severe depletion of lymphocytes in the cortex of lymphoid follicles in lymph nodes and tonsils was observed.     

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF BACTEROIDES NODOSUS FROM FOOT LESIONS OF CATTLE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA

SUMMARY Thirty one isolates of Bacteroides nodosus were obtained from foot lesions observed on cattle at 3 abattoirs. All isolates were similar to the B. nodosus of ovine benign footrot (BFR) in their response to the degrading proteinase test. At one abattoir, where the interdigital lesions were examined in detail, 9 of 10 isolates were obtained from hyperkeratotic lesions with deep fissures. Traceback to 8 of the farms of origin which carried both sheep and cattle, revealed BFR in sheep on 4 farms. The significance of B. nodosus in interdigital lesions in cattle, and its possible pathogenicity, are discussed.     

猪源艰难梭菌的分离鉴定及特性分析

为了解河南省规模化猪场猪源艰难梭菌的流行、耐药以及毒素基因携带情况,收集来自豫西地区5个养殖场中疑似艰难梭菌感染(clostridium difficile infection,CDI)猪的粪便标本(n=41)。采用厌氧培养法,用艰难梭菌选择性培养基环丝氨酸-头孢西丁-果糖琼脂(cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar,CCFA)完成分离培养。采用表型培养法进行菌株分离和鉴定,以多重PCR同时鉴定菌株并检测tcdA和tcdB毒素基因及二元毒素编码基因cdtA和cdtB。采用E-test法检测艰难梭菌对常用抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)值并判定菌株对药物的敏感性。结果从分离的41份样本中,经染色镜检及PCR鉴定,分离出符合艰难梭菌生长特性的菌株1株。药敏结果显示分离菌株对万古霉素和甲硝唑呈现高度敏感,对氟喹诺酮类药物以及四环素等表现出不同程度的耐药。艰难梭菌的研究大多集中在人源方面,本研究首次在河南省规模化养猪场中分离出艰难梭菌,对所分离菌株进行毒素基因检测,毒素A、B呈阳性,而无二元毒素基因。分离的猪源艰难梭菌对红霉素、万古霉素、甲硝唑、利福平均呈现高度敏感,对克林霉素、阿莫西林、左氧氟沙星、利奈唑酮和青霉素呈现不同程度的耐药。     

DETERMINATION OF TIME OF ONSET AND LOCATION OF EARLY SKELETAL LESIONS IN YOUNG DOGS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH HEPATOZOON AMERICANUM USING BONE SCINTIGRAPHY

Canine hepatozoonosis caused by Hepatozoon americanum has periosteal proliferation on long bones, pelvis, vertebrae, and skull. The pathogenesis of the periosteal proliferation is unknown but may be similar to hypertrophic osteopathy. Objectives were to determine the time frame for onset of bone lesions, to characterize spatial distribution of early bone lesions, and to describe the scintigraphic appearance of bone lesions in six immature dogs infected with 400 H. americanum oocysts on day 0. 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy was performed before and after infection. The onset bone lesions noted using scintigraphy was before day 35/36 in three dogs, day 46 in one dog, day 53 in one dog, and between days 46 and 67 in one dog. Early bone lesions primarily occur proximal to the carpus/tarsus and on the axial skeleton. Bone lesions were diffuse, bilaterally symmetric, homogenous, high intensity regions of radiopharmaceutical uptake.     

家鹅感染痘病毒的瘤样病变病理学

在80只放牧鹅群中发现7例病鹅伴有喙部或腿部上皮组织肿瘤样病变。经光、电镜检查证实为痘病毒感染。     

鸭坦布苏病毒在雏麻鸭体内的分布及排毒

为了解鸭坦布苏病毒感（Duck Tembusu virus, DTMUV）染麻鸭的组织嗜性和排毒情况,应用RT-PCR方法检测鸭坦布苏病毒在麻鸭体内各组织的动态分布及和泄殖腔棉拭子的排毒情况。结果显示最早在感染第1 d于心脏、脾脏、肺脏、气管、胰腺、直肠可检测到鸭坦布苏病毒核酸的存在;至第7、9 d时,在各组织脏器中均仍能检测到该病毒核酸;至第21 d时,仅能在脑、胰腺和直肠中可检测到病毒核酸。病毒在脑和直肠中时间最长（25 dpi）,胰腺（21 dpi）和肝脏（21 dpi）次之。对不同时间采集的泄殖腔棉拭子检测结果显示,于感染第1 d即能检测到该病毒核酸,25 d后即检测不到该病毒的存在。以上检测结果表明鸭坦布苏病毒感染雏麻鸭后能迅速入侵麻鸭各组织脏器,主要侵染肝、肺、肾、胰腺和直肠,并可通过粪便等途径向外界排毒。