中药原植物浸制标本的保色保存方法研究进展

"医者不辨药,如将不识兵"。中药标本在中兽医教学中不可缺少的是教学用具,中药植物原色标本是将新鲜植物的全株或一部分,经浸渍液和保存液的化学试剂或快速干燥等方法处理,保存在标本瓶内,使其保持植物原色。植物浸制标本色泽鲜艳,立体感强,形态逼真,     

一种解决因颗粒干燥过度而无法压片的方法

一种解决因颗粒干燥过度而无法压片的方法蒋佩英（广州白云山兽药厂广州，５１０４０５）蒋佩莲（华南农业大学兽医系药理教研室）众所周知，目前兽药的品种剂型较多，有片剂、粉剂、水剂、针剂、颗粒剂等，使用较为普遍的为片剂和散剂两种，由于片剂具有便于携带、服用方...     

ELISA在动物病毒病检测中的应用现状

前言酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay,ELISA)是一种敏感、快速、简便、不需要特殊仪器及实验室易于掌握的新技术;试验仅需小量标本,成本低,便于发展至自动化操作。ELISA在兽医病毒病方面主要     

一种便携式多功能养蚕盒

一种便携式多功能养蚕盒,包括模仿蚕幼虫外形的中空盒体和盒盖,盒体和盒盖通过活动连接,还包括盒腔内设计的笔筒等。养蚕盒不仅外观新颖、功能多样,而且可重复利用、便于观察、方便携带。     

一种便于携带的小猪去势刀

去势小猪是弯腰干,直腰完。随时随地的工作,畜牧兽医人员走屯串户,需要刀不离身,便于为群众劁猪。虽然传统的桃形刀、透口刀有其使用优点,但因刀头太尖,刀杆太长,不便于携带,尽管有皮套装着,体积大,带起来也觉不便。下面介绍一种便于携带的小猪去势刀。     

青干草粉的加工和贮藏

将牧草和饲料作物在最适收获期收割,进行自然干燥和人工高温快速干燥,生产优质青草粉和草颗粒等产品,是新鲜牧草加工的一种重要方式。因此,生产青干草粉,笔者认为不仅需要营养丰富的原料植物,而且要有一套规范化的加工工艺流程。 1 草粉原料     

基于CREO的美术色彩画板设计

为满足传统美术画板的结构不能满足美术色彩绘画对画面快速干燥和画纸方便固定的使用要求,使用三维软件CREO完成一种美术色彩绘画专用画板设计与结构分析,设计完成后的画板可对色彩画面的正、背两面同时吹风使画面干燥且能快速方便地固定画纸.     

一种便于穿戴的宠物雨衣设计

宠物雨衣主要用于维持宠物被毛干燥,便于雨天犬只的正常出行。传统的雨衣功能单一、不易穿戴,难以满足犬只的需求。结合目前宠物犬雨衣只有防水功能,本文设计了一款既防雨又便于穿戴,同时安全醒目、功能多样的宠物雨衣。     

云南乳扇形成工艺条件研究

<正> 一、前 言 我国西南地区当地农民利用牛乳经加热,加酸产生凝块,再经捏揉、拉制、干燥等过程,将其制成扇形,片状的乳制品。由于乳扇具有独特的风味,便于携带,具有较好的贮藏性能,并且可以利用乳扇制成多种风味食品,因而乳扇倍受人们的欢迎。乳扇又是一种营养食品,经分析,其成品中水分5.5％,蛋白质35.0％,脂肪49.3％,乳糖6.8％,灰分2.5％。近年来,乳扇的需求量日益增加,但目前乳扇生产工艺     

散放式牛舍的管理

舒适的奶牛能产更多的奶，效益也好。设计散放式牛床的目标是为奶牛提供干净、干燥的场所，必须舒适，便于奶牛起卧，才便于推广。     

The importance of convection in the determination of the water vapour conductance of avian egg shells

1. It was confirmed that convection across the avian egg shell surface does not affect diffusive transport of water vapour through the shell.

2. Relative water vapour conductance, i.e. the ratio between the water vapour conductance as determined in a desiccator and the actual water vapour conductance, as well as relative humidity in the desiccator are influenced by the total rate of water loss of the eggs in the desiccator.

3. The total rate of water loss is influenced by the number of eggs in the batch, their average actual water vapour conductance, desiccator temperature and barometric pressure.

4. Therefore water vapour conductance is easily underestimated, in particular when determined in still air at a small surface area of desiccant.

5. All the above effects are considerably reduced by convection.

6. Further improvements in technique are suggested, particularly for practice where determinations have to be made for a relatively large batch of eggs.     

Evaluation of a portable glucose meter for use in cattle and sheep

Background: In farm animal practice, determination of blood glucose concentration under field conditions is often necessary. Objective: As there is no portable glucose meter device developed for use in farm animals, the analytical accuracy of a portable glucometer designed for people was evaluated for its use in cattle and sheep. Methods: Blood samples from 90 cattle and 101 sheep were used in the study. Glucose concentration was determined in whole blood immediately after blood collection from the jugular vein with the One Touch Vita portable glucometer and in serum with an enzymatic colorimetric method. The agreement between methods was assessed by Passing and Bablok regression analysis. The precision and the accuracy of the measurements were determined using the concordance correlation coefficient. Results: There was a strong linear relationship between the glucose values obtained using the portable glucometer and those obtained by the bench method in both cattle and sheep. Precision was 95% for cattle and 88% for sheep, whereas accuracy was 92% and 99%, respectively. The mean glucose values obtained using the portable glucometer were significantly lower by 8.3% in cattle and 3.2% in sheep than those determined by the bench method. Conclusion: The One Touch Vita portable glucometer can be used in clinical practice to determine blood glucose concentrations in cattle and sheep, but reference intervals (RI) must be corrected to allow for negative bias. Based on these equations the RI for blood glucose in cattle and sheep using the portable glucometer were corrected to 1.84–4.17 and 2.41–4.35 mmol/L, respectively.     

天峻县应用手提半自动投饵器防治地面害鼠试验报告

为了更有效的进行大面积高原鼠兔的防治工作,2004年12月,在天峻县应用手提式投饵器进行大面积地面害鼠防治,试验表明,在同等条件下,手提式投饵器比人工防治可提高工作效率20．2％,饵料节省49％,二者的防治效果无显著差异。手提式投饵器将是今后大面积防治地面害鼠的理想器具。     

A comparison of pH determination methods in food animal practice

The accuracy of a portable pH meter in measuring blood pH in neonatal calves, urine pH, and ruminal fluid pH in cows has been assessed. Thirty-five diarrheic and 15 healthy beef calves were used for blood gas analysis; 57 healthy dairy cows provided voided urine samples; and ruminal fluid samples were obtained from 10 dairy cows with ruminal fistulas on 4 separate days. Measurements of blood pH were obtained from an automated blood gas analyzer and the portable pH meter. Measurements of urine and ruminal fluid pH were determined with the benchtop pH meter, urinalysis strips, narrow range pH paper, and the portable pH meter. The portable pH meter was more accurate in measuring urine pH and ruminal fluid pH in cows than blood pH in neonatal calves. The urinalysis strips and the narrow range pH paper were found adequate to evaluate urine and ruminal pH.     

鸡个体产蛋量无纸记录系统的研究

将条码技术与掌上型电脑终端相结合,形成了一种用作母鸡个体产蛋量记录的数据采集输入系统。其主要构成部分为:条码、数据采集终端、光笔、专用程序及通讯软件。每台终端可贮存4800只鸡1周的日产蛋量信息。数据传输简单、快速,传输回的数据以dBASE数据库的形式贮存。验证试验表明,本系统的数据记录准确性和速度略优于传统的记录方法。这一系统将数据记录和数据输入结合为一个步骤,实现了育种数据的实时采集,避免了数据输入造成的误差和时间延误,提高了育种数据的准确性。整套系统操作简便,通用性强,成本也较低廉。     

Evaluation of the reproducibility and accuracy of pH-determining devices used to measure urine pH in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of 4 portable pH meters, a reagent strip, and pH paper for measuring urine pH in dogs. DESIGN: Prospective masked randomized study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 201 free-catch urine samples from 114 hospitalized dogs. PROCEDURES: Urine samples were divided into 2-mL aliquots. Measurements of urine pH were obtained by use of a laboratory benchtop pH meter, 4 portable pH meters, a urine reagent strip, and pH paper. The pH of each aliquot was measured within 4 hours of collection by an evaluator unaware of the aliquot's origin.To assess reproducibility, the coefficient of variation for each pH measurement device was calculated. To determine which device was most accurate, the degree of agreement among the different devices was assessed in comparison with the benchtop pH meter, which was considered the reference method. RESULTS: 3 of the 4 portable pH meters had nearly perfect agreement with the reference method. The reagent strip and pH paper had moderate to poor agreement with the reference method. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Urine pH measurements should be made by use of a portable or benchtop pH meter when accurate measurements are crucial for diagnosis or treatment. Reagent strips and pH papers are useful in obtaining pH approximations but are not recommended when accurate measurements of urine pH are required.     

In Vitro Maturation and Development of Porcine Oocytes Cultured in a Straw or Dish Using a Portable Incubator with a CO2 Chamber

We investigated the effects of a portable incubator with a CO₂ chamber on the viability and development of porcine oocytes/embryos for their transportation and examined the operational suitability of a straw or dish as a container for culturing the oocytes or embryos in the portable incubator. In the first experiment, the cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were placed either in a dish or straw; and they were then cultured for 44 h in a standard CO₂ incubator, in the CO₂ chamber in an incubator, or in the CO₂ chamber in a portable incubator. The matured oocytes were fertilized with frozen‐thawed spermatozoa and then cultured in a dish in the standard CO₂ incubator for 8 days. There were no differences in the proportions of oocytes reaching metaphase II stage among the groups. However, the proportions of cleavage and development to blastocysts derived from oocytes matured in a straw were lower than those from oocytes matured in a dish, irrespective of the type of incubator used. In the second experiment, the COCs were matured in a dish in the standard CO₂ incubator, and the matured oocytes were fertilized and then placed either in a dish or straw. These were then cultured for 8 days in the standard CO₂ incubator or portable incubator. Some zygotes cultured in the portable incubator developed to the blastocyst stage. The proportions of cleavage and development to blastocysts were significantly lower for putative zygotes cultured in straw than for those cultured in dish, irrespective of the type of incubator used. Our results indicate that a portable incubator with a CO₂ chamber can maintain the viability and development of oocytes/embryos, but the straw is not a suitable system for in vitro culture of the oocytes/embryos during transportation.     

Attempt at in vitro maturation of minke whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis) oocytes using a portable CO2 incubator

The present study was conducted to investigate whether a portable CO2 incubator was effective for in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine, porcine and minke whale oocytes, and the effect of maturation media supplemented with different hormones; porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH), estradiol-17beta (E2), or pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG): human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for minke whale immature oocytes was also examined. In vitro maturation rates of bovine and porcine oocytes cultured in the portable CO2 incubator were not significantly different from the standard CO2 incubator. In minke whale IVM culture using the portable incubator, the maximum expansion of cumulus mass was observed by pFSH/E2 and PMSG/hCG at the end of IVM culture. Moreover, the IVM culture period was shortened to 28-30 h from 96-120 h previously reported. The proportion of matured oocytes cultured in the medium supplemented with pFSH/E2 (26.7%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that with PMSG/hCG (6.9%). The present study indicates that a portable CO2 incubator is a useful device for minke whale IVM culture on a research base ship, and the addition of pFSH/E2 into an IVM medium enhanced cumulus expansion and the proportion of minke whale matured oocytes.     

ESTIMATED OPERATOR EXPOSURE FOR HAND HOLDING PORTABLE X‐RAY UNITS DURING IMAGING OF THE EQUINE DISTAL EXTREMITY

Hand holding of portable X‐ray units is common in large animal ambulatory veterinary practice. Portable X‐ray equipment manuals, veterinary teaching institutions, and state regulations discourage, or prohibit, hand holding of portable X‐ray units. Our goal was to quantify surface radiation leakage of a typical portable X‐ray unit and to measure operator exposure at simulated hand and collar positions during imaging of the equine distal extremity. Each exposure for the study was performed at 80 kVp and 7.5 mAs and repeated 10 times. Measurement of tube radiation leakage was performed along each surface of the portable X‐ray unit. To determine the operator exposure more accurately, an equine cadaver limb was used to generate scatter radiation for the following views: lateral carpus, lateral foot, palmaroproximal–palmarodistal, and dorsal 60° proximal–palmarodistal obliques of the navicular region. A Pancake Ion Chamber was placed at the handle and at simulated collar position to record estimated occupational exposure. To estimate the effect of lead shielding, exposure measurements were performed within the primary beam and behind a 0.5 mm lead equivalent apron and within an >0.5 mm lead equivalent glove. The average hand and collar dose was 0.471 and 0.327 mR/exposure, respectively. The lead apron and glove attenuated the primary beam 96.9 and 99.2%, respectively. This reduced average hand and collar exposures to 0.0038 and 0.0101 mR/exposure, respectively. Theoretical occupational limits are reached for the collar (whole body) before the hand (extremity).     

Blood values of juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) obtained using a portable clinical analyzer

Background — Sick, injured, or orphaned juvenile northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustisrostris ) treated at rehabilitation centers frequently present with abnormalities in blood sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, and glucose concentrations, and HCT. These abnormalities could be detected rapidly using a portable blood analyzer, but the results with this analysis method do not necessarily equate with those obtained using other techniques.
Objective — The objective of this study was to better assess the clinical relevance of blood values obtained from a portable analyzer and to compare the results with values obtained using more common methods of analysis.
Methods — Heparinized whole blood samples were collected from 20 rehabilitated juvenile northern elephant seals. A portable clinical analyzer (i-STAT, i-STAT Corp, East Windsor, NJ, USA) was used to establish baseline values. Serum biochemical values were obtained using an automated chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU5200, Olympus America, Melville, NY, USA). HCT was determined using EDTA whole blood and a cell counter.
Results — Using the portable analyzer, mean (minimum-maximum) values were obtained for sodium, 143 (132–146) mmol/L; potassium, 4.4 (3.9–5.8) mmol/L; chloride, 106 (101–109) mmol/L; BUN, 1.8 (1.1–2.4) mmol/L; glucose, 7.55 (5.99–8.49) mmol/L; and HCT, 0.55 (0.52–0.61) L/L. Average differences between methods were small for potassium (-0.45 mmol/L), BUN (0.1 mmol/L), and HCT (0.037 L/L) but were large for sodium (-6.8 mmol/L), chloride (-6.4 mmol/L), and glucose (-0.56 mmol/L).
Conclusions — These results suggest that the i-STAT portable analyzer could be useful for clinically assessing juvenile elephant seals. However, when making medical decisions, the clinician should be aware of differences associated with various analyzers and sample types.