不同浓度EGOG对山羊卵母细胞成熟受精的影响

将从屠宰场采回的山羊卵巢在3h内带回实验室,从卵泡中抽取卵母细胞,取外观形态正常的卵母细胞分成5组,分别添加0、10、15、20、25μmol／L浓度的EGCG经27h体外成熟培养后受精,探索不同浓度EGCG对山羊卵母细胞成熟和受精的影响。结果表明EGCG添加浓度为15μmol／L时对卵母细胞的成熟和受精都有明显的促进效果。     

蛋白酶抑制剂E-64对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

为了研究猪卵母细胞成熟过程中在成熟液中添加蛋白酶抑制剂E-64对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,试验采用在成熟液中添加不同浓度的E-64进行体外培养44 h后统计成熟率,计算卵母细胞的成熟率,确定最佳浓度为10μmol/L。将10μmol/L组、未添加组的卵母细胞进行固定、染色,鉴定卵母细胞核成熟情况。结果表明:在猪卵母细胞成熟液中添加10μmol/L的E-64,成熟率和核成熟率显著高于未添加组,并能显著提高猪孤雌卵母细胞的分裂率和囊胚发育率。     

柠檬苦素对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟及其体外受精胚胎发育的影响

【目的】研究柠檬苦素(limonin,Lim)对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)及后续体外受精(IVF)胚胎发育潜能的影响,旨在为体外成熟培养系统的优化提供参考。【方法】在小鼠体外成熟培养液中添加不同浓度的Lim(0、10、20、50 μmol/L),成熟培养12 h后统计小鼠卵母细胞第一极体(PBI)排出率,筛选体外成熟培养液中添加Lim的最适浓度;在体外成熟培养液中添加最适浓度的Lim,以0 μmol/L Lim为对照组,成熟培养12 h,通过免疫荧光染色检测活性氧(ROS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及线粒体膜电位(MMP)水平;通过实时荧光定量PCR检测卵母细胞抗氧化及凋亡相关基因的mRNA表达水平。将最适Lim组及对照组卵母细胞体外成熟24 h后进行体外受精,于体外受精24 h和3.5 d分别统计胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率,并用Fluorescein-dUTP和Hoechst 33342染色分别检测囊胚总细胞数及囊胚内凋亡细胞比率。【结果】与0 μmol/L Lim组相比,20 μmol/L Lim组小鼠卵母细胞PBI排出率显著升高(P＜0.05),后续试验均用20 μmol/L Lim进行处理。与对照组组相比,20 μmol/L Lim组小鼠卵母细胞内ROS水平显著降低(P＜0.05),GSH、MMP水平均显著增加(P＜0.05),抗氧化相关基因(GPx3、CAT和Prdx3)、抗凋亡相关基因(Bcl-2、Bcl-xl)表达水平均显著上调(P＜0.05),促凋亡相关基因(Caspase-3)表达水平显著下调(P＜0.05);体外受精胚胎的卵裂率、囊胚率、囊胚总细胞数均显著增加(P＜0.05),囊胚内细胞凋亡比率显著下降(P＜0.05)。【结论】在体外成熟培养液中添加20 μmol/L Lim可以通过抑制氧化应激和细胞凋亡、增加MMP水平提高小鼠卵母细胞质量,从而提高体外受精胚胎的发育潜力。     

半胱胺对羔羊卵母细胞体外成熟及胚胎发育的影响

实验旨在研究半胱胺对4～8周龄哈萨克羔羊卵母细胞体外成熟和发育能力的影响。在体外成熟培养基中添加不同浓度的半胱胺(0、50、100、200μmol/L),统计卵母细胞卵裂率、囊胚率、成熟率、正常受精率及卵裂和胚泡率,并用SPSS 17.0进行方差分析。结果表明：与空白组相比,添加100μmol/L半胱胺可提高羔羊卵母细胞卵裂率、囊胚率、成熟率、正常受精率、卵裂率及胚泡率(P<0.05),添加100μmol/L半胱胺可提高卵母细胞的正常受精率和滋养层细胞数(P<0.05)。可见,100μmol/L半胱胺可显著改善羔羊卵母细胞的体外成熟、受精和发育能力。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯用于小鼠卵母细胞体外培养的效果观察

本试验以小鼠为动物模型,采用HTF和TCM-199两个基础培养体系,通过添加不同浓度的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG),研究其对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及其后期胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,在HTF和TCM-199体系中,培养卵丘-卵母细胞复合物(COCs)时EGCG的最佳添加量均为20μmol/L,可以显著提高卵母细胞的成熟率、受精率和胚胎发育率。过量添加EGCG则有负面的效应。综合比较,HTF体系的培养效果优于TCM-199体系。     

甘草酸单铵盐对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及胚胎发育能力的影响

将收集的猪COCs置于添加不同浓度(0.0,0.3,0.6,1.2μmol/L)甘草酸单铵盐(monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, MAG)的卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中培养46 h,统计成熟率，通过免疫荧光染色检测成熟卵母细胞ROS表达水平；对成熟卵母细胞体外受精，于胚胎培养液内体外培养48,120 h,分别统计体外受精胚胎卵裂率、囊胚率，并用Hochest荧光染色检测囊胚总细胞数；结合成熟率及IVF胚胎发育囊胚率选定最佳添加浓度，在体外成熟培养液中添加最适浓度MAG,以0μmol/L MAG为对照组，体外培养46 h后，利用免疫荧光染色检测猪成熟卵母细胞的线粒体膜电位水平和细胞凋亡水平。结果显示，与对照组相比，不同浓度MAG处理组猪卵母细胞体外成熟率均有所提高，但差异均不显著(P>0.05);不同浓度MAG添加均可降低猪卵母细胞ROS水平，与对照组相比，0.3,0.6μmol/L组差异显著(P<0.05),1.2μmol/L组差异极显著(P<0.01)。0.3μmol/L添加组显著提高了猪体外受精囊胚率(P<0.05),但不同MAG添加组对...     

氨基酸和半胱胺对绵羊胚胎体外发育的影响

将从绵羊卵巢采集的卵母细胞成熟培养22~24h;成熟卵母细胞去除颗粒细胞,选择排出第一极体的卵母细胞,用5μmol/L A23187(5min)联合2mmol/L 6-DMAP(4h)进行孤雌激活;激活后的卵母细胞在培养液中进行培养。研究氨基酸和半胱胺对绵羊胚胎早期体外发育的影响。结果显示:(1)氨基酸能促进胚胎体外发育,0~24h培养添加抑制卵母细胞的卵裂,24h后培养添加比全过程培养添加更能促进胚胎体外发育;(2)24~72h培养添加必需氨基酸(EAA),能促进胚胎体外发育;(3)半胱胺添加量0~100μmol/L,随浓度增高各项发育指标呈增高趋势,添加100~200μmol/L,随浓度增高各项发育指标呈下降趋势。     

维生素A对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟及后续胚胎发育能力的影响

【目的】探究维生素A对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟及后续胚胎发育能力的影响。【方法】以牦牛卵母细胞为研究对象，在其体外成熟培养液中分别添加0（对照组）、2、5、10和20 μmol/L维生素A，体外培养24 h统计第一极体排出率；对成熟后各组卵母细胞进行孤雌激活，在孤雌激活胚胎培养的第2和8天分别统计卵裂率和囊胚率；用实时荧光定量PCR检测各组MⅡ期卵母细胞中维生素A调控卵母细胞成熟典型信号通路中的节点基因RARα、RARβ、RARγ、RXRα、RXRβ、RXRγ、STRA8及非典型信号通路中的节点基因MEK和ERK1的相对表达量，筛选最佳维生素A处理浓度。在体外成熟培养液中添加最佳浓度维生素A，成熟6和24 h分别收集MⅠ和MⅡ期卵母细胞，将部分MⅡ期卵母细胞进行孤雌激活，收集激活8 d的囊胚，用实时荧光定量PCR检测GV、MⅠ和MⅡ期卵母细胞及孤雌激活囊胚中RARα、RXRα、STRA8基因的相对表达量。【结果】与对照组相比，2、5和10 μmol/L维生素A组第一极体排出率和卵裂率均显著提高（P<0.05），且2 μmol/L维生素A组均达到最高；2 μmol/L维生素A组囊胚率显著提高（P<0.05），20 μmol/L维生素A组第一极体排出率、卵裂率和囊胚率均显著降低（P<0.05）。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明，与对照组相比，2、5、10和20 μmol/L维生素A组RARα、RXRα和STRA8基因的相对表达量均显著增加（P<0.05），其中2 μmol/L维生素A组均达到最高，因此2 μmol/L维生素A对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的效果最好。与GV期卵母细胞相比，STRA8、RXRα、RARα基因的相对表达量在MⅡ期卵母细胞均极显著增加（P<0.01），在MⅠ及囊胚期差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】在体外成熟过程中，添加2 μmol/L维生素A可以促进牦牛卵母细胞的成熟，能够显著提高孤雌激活胚胎的卵裂率，且维生素A主要通过典型信号通路调控牦牛卵母细胞的成熟。     

表儿茶素对小鼠卵母细胞mtDNA拷贝数和胚胎体外发育能力的影响

本研究旨在探究表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)对小鼠体外成熟培养卵母细胞线粒体DNA(mtDNA)拷贝数及其随后孤雌激活胚胎发育能力的影响。小鼠卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)在添加不同浓度EC(0、5、10、15、20μmol/L)的成熟液中体外成熟培养16h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测卵母细胞mtDNA拷贝数;同时,通过对卵母细胞进行孤雌激活处理,探讨其后续胚胎的体外发育能力。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,添加EC各处理组的卵母细胞mtDNA拷贝数均有所增加,其中,10、15μmol/L组的mtDNA拷贝数均显著高于0μmol/L对照组(P0.05);但10μmol/L组mtDNA拷贝数更接近自然排卵周期合子的mtDNA含量(P0.05)。体外培养观察结果发现,成熟液中添加10μmol/L EC能提高卵母细胞第一极体排出率,与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但能显著提高卵母细胞孤雌激活后胚胎的囊胚发育率(P0.05)。综上表明,小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟液中添加10μmol/L EC可提高卵母细胞的mtDNA拷贝数,有利于促进卵母细胞后续的发育能力。     

血清、促性腺素、EGF和水对山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

为了通过比较培养筛选出能改进和提高山羊卵母细胞体外成熟效率的培养体系 ,培养的山羊卵母细胞以 TCM-199为基础培养液 ,添加 :(1) 10 %血清 (胎牛血清 (FBS)或发情山羊血清 (EGS) ) 2 0 m g/ L促黄体素 (L H) 10 mg/ L促卵泡素 (FSH) 1m g/ L 雌二醇 (E2 ) ;(2 ) 10 % EGS 促性腺素 (L H∶ FSH=5 mg/ L∶ 0 .5 m g/ L 或 2 0 mg/ L∶ 10mg/ L )或者 0 .0 75 IU / m L人绝经期促性腺素 (HMG) 1mg/ L estradiol 17β;(3) 10 % EGS 0 .0 75 mg/ L HMG 10～ 2 0 μg/ L EGF。此外 ,以 M199 10 % EGS 0 .0 75 mg/ L HMG 10～ 2 0 μg/ L EGF为培养基 ,溶解于自制超纯水或储存的商品化超纯水来培养卵母细胞。培养条件为 38℃ ,5 % CO2 。培养 2 4 h后 ,在体式显微镜下统计处于 M 期的卵母细胞比例。结果显示 :在卵母细胞成熟液中添加 10 % EGS比 10 % FBS的成熟培养效果好 ;添加 HMG能够促进卵母细胞的成熟 ,其效果比添加不同比例的 L H/ FSH好 ;成熟液中添加 10～ 2 0μg/ L EGF能促进卵母细胞的成熟 ,但成熟率没有明显提高 ;新鲜的超纯水对于卵母细胞的培养是必要的。结论 :新鲜超纯水配制的 M199 10 % EGS 0 .0 75 IU / m L HMG 10～ 2 0μg/ L EGF培养液可以获得最佳卵母细胞培养效果     

Effects of oxygen tension in the gas atmosphere during in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture on the efficiency of in vitro production of mouse embryos

Effects of oxygen (O2) tension in the gas atmosphere during in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) on the efficiency of in vitro production of mouse embryos were examined. Mouse oocytes recovered from large antral follicles were subjected to IVM in Waymouth medium for 15, 16 and 17 hr under 5 or 20% O2 and then subjected to IVF and IVC under 5 or 20% O2 tension. Lowering the O2 tension in the gas atmosphere for IVM from 20 to 5% improved the cleavage rate after IVF when the oocytes were subjected to IVM for 15 hr; however, no improvement in the cleavage rate was observed when the culture period for IVM was extended to 16 and 17 hr. Lowering the O2 tension to 5% for IVM and IVC improved the development of the cleaved oocytes to the blastocyst stage, regardless of the culture period for IVM. However, the O2 tension for IVF had no remarkable effect on the subsequent embryonic development. These results demonstrate that 5% O2 is superior to 20% O2 for IVM and IVC, and suggest that 20% O2 for IVM may delay oocyte maturation and/or the acquisition of fertilizability and impair the developmental competence of oocytes.     

In vitro fertilization and development of in vitro matured bovine follicular oocytes

Bovine follicular oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized in vitro using epididymal spermatozoa from five different bulls and then cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro. The fertilization rate, based on one pair of pronuclei and presence of one sperm tail, ranged from 55.2 to 64.3%. Embryo development (cleavage to blastocyst stage) ranged from 21.4 to 31.0% of the cultured ova reaching 8 cells at 3 to 4 d after insemination to 1.3 to 3.7% reaching hatched blastocysts at 9 to 10 d. It is concluded that individual variation among bulls is not a significant factor in fertilization and development rates of bovine follicular oocytes when epididymal spermatozoa are used.     

Equine endothelial cells in vitro

Certain in vitro culture conditions were determined for equine endothelial cells obtained from the aorta and pulmonary arteries. Cells were enzymatically isolated from the vessel lumen, using clostridial collagenase (2.5 mg/ml of Hanks's balanced salt solution) incubated at 37 C for 30 minutes. Cells were cultured in alpha minimum essential medium supplemented with plasma-derived and nonplasma-derived bovine fetal sera, endothelial cell-growth supplement, heparin, and antibiotics. Smooth muscle cell growth was not inhibited with nonplasma-derived animal sera, plasma-derived equine serum, or heparin. Heparin and a serum replacement were toxic to the cells used in the present study. Statistically significant differences were not found between the various media supplements.     

瘦素对体外培养新生犊牛脂肪细胞胰高血糖素受体mRNA丰度的影响

为阐明瘦素在奶牛脂肪代谢中的调控作用,应用荧光定量RT-PCR法观察了瘦素对体外单层原代培养脂肪细胞胰高血糖素受体(glucagon receptor,GLNR)mRNA丰度的影响。结果表明:随着培养液中瘦素浓度的升高,GLNR mRNA的丰度呈现先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.01),瘦素对GLNR mRNA的表达具有双重作用;研究结果表明,瘦素直接调控新生犊牛脂肪细胞GLNR mRNA的表达。     

Ghrelin对水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响

本研究的目的是探讨Ghrelin对水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响.体外成熟的水牛卵母细胞经体外受精或离子霉素孤雌激活后.分别在舍0,0.5,5,50和500 μg/L Ghrelin的培养液中进行体外培养,观察各组胚胎的卵裂率和囊胚率.结果显示,在培养液中添加不同浓度的Ghrelin对体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎的卵裂率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加500 μg/L的Ghrelin显著提高体外受精胚胎的囊胚发育率(33.5% vs 13.7%,P<0.05),50 μg/L或500 μg/L的Ghrelin均显著提高孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚发育率(32.4%和34.6% vs 14.5%,P<0.05).结果表明,培养液中添加Ghrelin对胚胎的早期卵裂没有影响,但可促进水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎囊胚的形成.     

体外培养条件对延边黄牛受精卵体外发育的影响

从延边黄牛卵巢中采集未成熟的卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养、体外受精及受精卵体外培养。结果表明 :1将卵子用 2种不同的培养液进行体外成熟培养和受精卵体外培养 ,TCM199组的卵裂率 (5 6 .3% )极显著高于 D- PBS组(33.6 % ) (P<0 .0 1) ;TCM199组的囊胚发育率和孵化率 (15 .1%、13.7% )虽高于 D- PBS组 (10 .5 %、8.7% ) ,但 2个组之间无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。2以 TCM199作为基础培养液 ,分别用含激素培养液和不含激素培养液进行成熟培养和受精卵体外培养 ,添加激素组的卵裂率、囊胚发育率及囊胚孵化率 (81.2 %、17.5 %、15 .3% )高于没有添加激素的对照组 (75 .8%、12 .1%、10 .5 % ) ,但 2个组之间无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 3体外受精卵与单层颗粒细胞共培养组的卵裂率、囊胚发育率及囊胚孵化率 (78.0 %、11.5 %、9.9% )显著高于非共培养组 (6 8.1%、5 .4 %、3.6 % ) (P<0 .0 5 )。     

两种方法对牛体外受精及体外发育的影响

本研究包括２个试验。试验１，采用由多种大分子物质组成的生物试剂Ｐｅｒｃｏｌ做成离心梯度，离心处理精液获得较高活率的精子。将其用于卵母细胞的体外受精，在使用４５μＬ大小的受精滴及２×１０６个／ｍＬ的最终受精精子浓度时，加入２０个或４０个卵母细胞，二者均获得较高的分裂率（％）８９．０±５．０、８８．１±３．８及囊胚率（％）５１．０±７．０、４６．３±１６．７。试验２，为了更接近胚胎在母牛体内发育的实际状态（动态），采用一种新的方法即将摇床振动培养引入牛早期胚胎的体外发育阶段，以期提高胚胎发育质量。结果表明，在早期胚胎基数及环境因素完全一致的前提下，振动培养组的囊胚发育率（％）及囊胚卵化率（％）分别为６１．１±１２．２、８２．６±６．８，而常规的静置培养组为６７．４±６．３、８８．０±７．４，方差计算表明二者无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

Effects of ghrelin on in vitro development of porcine in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of addition of ghrelin to in vitro culture medium on preimplantation development of porcine in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos. In Experiment 1, we sought to compare the in vitro developmental competence of IVF and parthenogenetic embryos. No significant (P<0.05) differences were detected for cleavage rate or blastocyst rate between the in vitro fertilization (IVF)- and parthenogenetic activation-derived embryos. In Experiment 2, parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in Porcine Zygote Medium-3 containing various concentrations of ghrelin. The blastocyst rate was remarkably (P<0.05) increased when 5 ng/ml (PA-5) and 500 ng/ml (PA-500) of ghrelin was added to in vitro culture medium compared with the other groups. Total cell number per blastocyst was slightly promoted in the ghrelin treatment groups compared with the controls. However, the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM) cell number/total cell number was significantly reduced in the PA-50 group compared with the controls (P<0.05). In Experiment 3, we cultured in vitro fertilized embryos in Porcine Zygote Medium-3 supplemented with ghrelin at different dosages. The rate of blastocyst formation was markedly (P<0.05) elevated when 500 ng/ml ghrelin was added to culture medium (IVF-500) compared with the controls. Increased total cell numbers (P<0.05) were observed when in vitro fertilized embryos were cultured in IVF-50 and IVF-500 compared with the controls. However, the ratio of ICM cell number/total cell number was decreased in the ghrelin treatment groups compared with the controls (P<0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that ghrelin can enhance blastocyst formation of porcine in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos while exerting a negative effect on the structural integrity of the blastocysts.