桦褐孔菌提取物体外抗氧化活性评价研究

用不同浓度的乙醇、丙酮和异丙醇提取桦褐孔菌中的活性成分,筛选出高效抗氧化活性成分。分别用苯酚-硫酸法、福林酚法、氯化铝显色法测定粗提物中多糖、多酚和黄酮的含量,并测定粗提物对DPPH·的清除能力和FRAP值。用SPSS软件分析活性成分含量和抗氧化性的相关性,确定高抗氧化活性成分为多糖,与DPPH·清除率和FRAP总还原力的相关系数分别为为0．851和0．706。     

Immunomodulatory effects of the methanolic extract of Epimedium alpinum in vitro

The effect of the methanolic extract of root and rhizome of Epimedium alpinum (MEEA) on phenotype and functions of rat lymphocytes in vitro was studied. It has been found that MEEA at lower concentrations (0.1 microg/ml and 1 microg/ml) significantly enhanced proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes triggered by concanavalin A (Con A), whereas higher concentrations of the extract (50 microg/ml-500 microg/ml) were inhibitory. The stimulatory effect of MEEA on Con A-induced proliferation of splenocytes correlated with the up-regulation of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha) expression. In addition, increased production of IL-2 was observed when a blocking IL-2Ralpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) was added to cell cultures. MEEA-suppressed proliferation of splenocytes was due to the inhibition of IL-2 production, the down-regulation of IL-2Ralpha expression and the induction of apoptosis. Cellular proliferation in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of MEEA higher than 50 microg/ml could not be restored by the addition of exogenous IL-2.     

Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cells by aqueous extracts and pectic polysaccharides from the roots of Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich. and Vernonia kotschyana Sch. Bip. ex Walp

In Malian traditional medicine infusions of the roots of Vernonia kotschyana or Cochlospermum tinctorium in water are used for treating gastric ulcer. Helicobacter pylori is known to play a major role in gastric ulcer development, and it was of interest to evaluate a potential anti-adhesive activity towards H. pylori by crude water extracts and isolated polysaccharide fractions from the roots of V. kotschyana and C. tinctorium. The inhibitory effects were examined by an in vitro flow cytometric assay using human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cells, where fluorescent-labeled H. pylori were pre-treated with the test fractions. The crude extract Ctw50 from C. tinctorium, containing a mixture of inulin, pectic polysaccharides, phenols and protein, led to a 43% reduction of bacterial attachment. The isolated pectic type fractions CtwA1 and CtwA2 from C. tinctorium, and Vko-I from V. kotschyana resulted in approximately 30% inhibition of H. pylori adhesion. These fractions consist of rhamnogalacturonan backbones with side chains of arabinogalactans and/or arabinans. The low degree of uronic acids in the fractions compared to anti-adhesive polysaccharides reported previously, suggests that the neutral side chains might play a role in the binding of bacterial adhesins. The fraction Vko-III.1 from V. kotschyana consisting mainly of galacturonic acid resulted only in a 19% inhibition of H. pylori adhesion. The anti-adhesive properties shown by the crude water extracts and isolated polysaccharide fractions in the present study might partly explain the anti-ulcer activities by the roots of V. kotschyana and C. tinctorium.     

树脂吸附法分离高纯茶多酚新工艺研究

研究了树脂吸附法分离纯化茶多酚的绿色工艺。浸提低品位茶叶得到的浸提液，乘热粗沙沙滤，调pH值至1．5，使色素、咖啡因和大分子物质得到预分离，然后细沙沙滤、上AB-8树脂进行吸附，依次用蒸馏水和pH值为2-4的5％的乙醇溶液洗脱处理，洗脱剂为质量分数60％的乙醇，洗脱液喷雾干燥得到茶多酚产品，纯度可达90．22％。     

Constitutive phenolics of Harpephyllum caffrum (Anacardiaceae) and their biological effects on human keratinocytes

Assessment of the UV protecting potential of an aqueous methanol leaf extract of Harpephyllum caffrum proved that it possesses a distinct radical scavenging effect and inhibits the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 by human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) following UV radiation. Phytochemical investigation of this extract led to isolation and structural determination of the hitherto unknown phenolics, kaempferol 3-O-(2″-sulphatogalactopyranoside), its quercetin analogue and 3-methoxyellagic acid 4-O-galactopyranoside in addition to 18 known phenolic compounds. The structures were determined by spectroscopic and conventional methods of analysis. Flavonoid sulphatoglycosides which have been rarely found in nature were major phenolic constituents of this plant, and this is the first report of the isolation of any of them from Anacardiaceae. The extract was found to diminish UV phototoxic reaction of keratinocytes. However, the isolated kaempferol sulphatogalactopyranoside did not interact with UVB triggered IL-6 production of HaCaT keratinocytes.     

柠条锦鸡儿枝条饲料营养价值分析

通过对15年生柠条锦鸡儿不同枝龄枝条饲料营养成分的测定,结果表明,柠条锦鸡儿枝条具有粗纤维含量高、蛋白质含量较高的营养特点,且随着枝龄的增加,粗纤维含量先明显增加后趋于稳定,粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙含量均在4 a~10 a较为稳定,粗脂肪含量总体呈下降趋势,无氮浸出物和磷的比例在枝条中整体变化较小。     

青藏高原黄金菇营养成份分析与评价

为了对我国青藏高原黄金菇的食用、营养、药用价值和安全状况作出科学评价,以为黄金菇资源的开发利用提供科研基础数据,采用国标法,对黄金菇子实体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、可溶性糖等主要营养成份、矿物质、氨基酸组成与含量、维生素、活性成分多糖以及重金属元素等含量进行测定,并与同步检测的香菇和双孢蘑菇含量进行比较分析。结果表明,与香菇和双孢蘑菇相比,黄金菇具有高含量的粗蛋白、氨基酸和矿物质,同时还含有很高的维生素B1、B2,维生素C和维生素E。此外,黄金菇的粗多糖含量略高于香菇,但低于双孢蘑菇。黄金菇4种重金属铅、镉、砷和汞的含量均远远高于香菇和双孢蘑菇,其中铅和砷含量尚在国标规定的食品安全标准范围之内,而镉和汞含量均超过了国标规定的食品安全标准。黄金菇是一种极具开发利用前景的珍稀菌根食用菌,但重金属元素超标尤其值得重视。     

Anti-TB activity of Evodia elleryana bark extract

An ethyl acetate extract of bark from Evodia elleryana produced significant growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at concentrations only minimally inhibitory to human T cells. The crude extract yielded 95% inhibition of TB at 50 microg/ml. The crude extract yielded 29% growth inhibition of human T-cells in culture at that concentration.     

尖峰岭野生灵芝和人工栽培灵芝菌丝多糖含量比较

灵芝菌丝多糖是灵芝的主要活性成分之一。采用醇沉水提法提取灵芝菌丝多糖,并用蒽酮一硫酸法测定不同菌株灵芝分别在不同制种阶段的多糖含量。结果表明：这三种灵芝菌株的菌丝多糖含量均是一级种比二级种高,二级种比三级种高;一级种和二级种的菌丝多糖含量均是野生灵芝比人工栽培灵芝高;三级种菌丝多糖含量,野生灵芝和人工栽培灵芝菌丝多糖含...     

Comparative effects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil and piperitone on Callosobruchus maculatus development

The insecticidal activity of crude essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon schoenanthus and of its main constituent, piperitone, was assessed on different developmental stages of Callosobruchus maculatus. Piperitone was more toxic to adults with a LC(50) value of 1.6 microl/l vs. 2.7 microl/l obtained with the crude extract. Piperitone inhibited the development of newly laid eggs and of neonate larvae, but was less toxic than the crude extract to individuals developing inside the seeds.     

大孔树脂ADS-7分离纯化多穗柯黄酮工艺研究

采用大孔树脂ADS-7分离纯化多穗柯黄酮粗提物(CE),对主要工艺条件进行了研究。得出最佳工艺条件为:将CE先配成10%(体积分数)CE溶液,10?溶液体积与树脂质量比值(mL∶g)略大于3、在中性pH值下静态吸附2 h,再以3倍装柱体积(1 500 mL)的80%(体积分数)乙醇、每小时1倍装柱体积流速进行动态洗脱。该工艺条件得到的纯化产物中黄酮的质量分数由粗提物中的40%提高到纯化产物的88%,得率为91%。     

黄精多糖提取液的活性炭脱色研究

采用颗粒活性炭为脱色剂,研究了脱色时间、脱色温度、活性炭用量等因素对黄精多糖提取液的脱色率以及多糖保留率的影响,并用正交实验探究其最佳脱色条件。结果表明：用2％活性炭,在50℃时脱色40min的效果好,是最佳脱色条件。     

苦竹竹笋主要营养成分和微量元素的研究

经对苦竹竹笋营养成分的测定,苦竹笋干物质中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总灰分、还原糖的含量分别为:28.42%、4.89%、21.83%、5.47%、0.206 3%;每100 g鲜竹笋中维生素C的含量为15.4m g;每100 g竹笋干物质中Zn 5.379 m g、Cu 2.454 m g、C r 0.374 m g、F e 18.642 m g、Pb 0.018 5 m g。研究结果表明苦竹笋中粗蛋白质与粗纤维含量明显高于粗脂肪,属高蛋白、高纤维、低脂型可食蔬菜资源,对促进肠胃功能具有良好的保健作用。苦竹笋中富含锌、铜、铬和铁,对由于缺乏锌、铜、铬和铁而引起身体多种功能紊乱的患者有一定的裨补作用。     

Alpha-amylase inhibitors from Brazilian seaweeds and their hypoglycemic potential

The acetone crude extract of Lobophora variegata did not show any alpha-amylase inhibition activity. On the contrary, acetone crude extract of both Spatoglossum schroederi and Caulerpa racemosa inhibited the enzyme activity, with an ED(50) of 0.58 and 0.09 mg/ml.     

Hypoglycemic activity of Bauhinia candicans in diabetic induced rabbits

The effect of different fractions of methanolic extract of Bauhinia candicans leaves were investigated on experimentally-induced diabetic rabbits. The crude extracts (8 mg/kg) showed hypoglycemic activity along with a reduced urinary glucose excretion. Among the fractions, the highest activity was exhibited by the butanolic fraction (fraction III). Moreover, fraction III reduced plasma glucose level also in normal, as well as, glucose loaded rabbits. These results suggest that B. candicans increases the peripheral metabolism of glucose.     

复合酶法提取山茱萸多糖的工艺条件优化

在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Benhnken组合设计和响应曲面分析法优化复合酶法提取山茱萸多糖的工艺条件。响应面分析结果表明,由纤维素酶2.0%、果胶酶2.0%、中性蛋白酶1.5%组成的复合酶,在浸提时间69min,浸提温度50℃,pH值3.8时,酶法提取山茱萸多糖的得率最高,山茱萸多糖实际最大提取得率为5.54%。     

Isolation and biological properties of polysaccharide CPS-1 from cultured Cordyceps militaris

A polysaccharide from the water extract of cultured Cordyceps militaris was isolated through ethanol precipitation, deproteination and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weight was determined using gel-filtration chromatography. The structure of polysaccharide CPS-1 was elucidated by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. CPS-1 was shown to possess a significant antiinflammatory activity and suppressed the humoral immunity in mice but had no significant effects on the cellular immunity and the non-specific immunity.     

In vitro and in vivo immune stimulating effects of a new standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea)

Polinacea is a new standardized hydroethanolic extract obtained from Echinacea angustifolia roots containing echinacoside (>4%), the high molecular weight polysaccharide IDN 5405 (>5%) and a isobutylamide fraction (<0.1%). For in vitro tests, a bacterial lipopolysaccharide-free (LPS-free) Polinacea has been prepared in order to avoid non-specific responses of immunocompetent cells. LPS-free Polinacea enhanced the immune functions as highlighted by the proliferation rate and gamma-interferon production in murine T-lymphocyte cell cultures stimulated by anti-CD3. LPS-free Polinacea did not have a direct role on macrophage response as measured in the nitric oxide production test using the J774 macrophage cells line. In vivo, Polinacea showed an immune stimulating activity by reducing the Candida albicans induced mortality both in normal and in cyclosporin A-treated mice.     

Cytotoxic activity of the root extract from Myoschilos oblongum

The crude methanolic root extract of Myoschilos oblongum exhibited a significant cytotoxic activity against PZ-HPV-7 human prostate cells. Furthermore, two esters of docosanol were isolated from the CH(2)Cl(2) extract.     

酸角综合利用的现状及发展趋势

酸角用途广泛,可作果用、医用、加工成饮料或食品、提取罗望子多糖和抗氧化物,以及园林绿化等多种用途,本文综述了近20年来酸角的国内外综合利用现状,指出目前国内外酸角的开发利用多集中在果肉的加工利用,罗望子多糖的提取和应用,并根据酸角利用中存在的问题。对今后开发利用的发展趋势提出了几点建议。